Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Adults: Impact, Comorbidity, Risk Factors, and Treatment

Sareen, Jitender

doi:10.1177/070674371405900902

Cited by 467Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchMigration, Health and TraumaChild Abuse and Trauma

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Adults: Impact, Comorbidity, Risk Factors, and Treatment

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Sareen, Jitender·2014·The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry

DOI 10.1177/070674371405900902PMC PMC4168808

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Abstract

During the last 30 years, there has been a substantial increase in the study of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Several high-profile traumatic events, such as the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, and the terrorist attacks of September 11 on the World Trade Center, have led to a greater public interest in the risk and protective factors for PTSD. In this In Review paper, I discuss some of the important advances in PTSD. The paper provides a concise review of the evolution of PTSD diagnosis in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, impact of PTSD in the community, an overview of the established risk factors for developing PTSD, and assessment and treatment. Throughout the paper, controversies and clinical implications are discussed.

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Anxiety, depression, and PTSD symptoms are often comorbid in the sample.
“In keeping with a broader trauma literature, our data replicate the finding that anxiety, depression and PTSD symptoms are often comorbid (Sareen, 2014).”
From An examination of psychological distress and moral injury in journalists exposed to online harassment (2025) · cites this paper as Sareen, 2014
PTSD-specific clinical management may help reduce the overall disease burden and often involves careful assessment of the nature of the trauma and provision of trauma-focused psychotherapy and/or pharmacological treatments.
“PTSD-specific clinical management of patients with PTSD may help to reduce the overall disease burden and often involves careful assessment of the nature of the trauma and provision of trauma-focused psychotherapy and/or pharmacological treatments [9,23,24].”
From Patient journey before and after a formal post-traumatic stress disorder diagnosis in adults in the United States-a retrospective claims study (2023) · cites this paper as [9]

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“In keeping with a broader trauma literature, our data replicate the finding that anxiety, depression and PTSD symptoms are often comorbid (Sareen, 2014).”
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Authors: Sareen, J.
Affiliations: University of Manitoba (CA)
Corresponding author: Sareen, Jitender
ORCID: Sareen, Jitender
Venue: The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2014-09
Volume: 59
Issue: 9
Pages: 460-467
ISSN: 0706-7437 (ISSN-L)
1497-0015
DOI: 10.1177/070674371405900902
PMC: PMC4168808
OpenAlex: W242986228
Cited by: 467
References: 92
Citations by year: 2026: 37 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 57 · 2023: 62 · 2022: 70 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 51 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 2
FWCI: 2.12
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Manitoba Health Research Council
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Migration, Health and Trauma
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
Keywords: post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD diagnosis, DSM-IV-TR, PTSD comorbidity, risk factors, protective factors, PTSD assessment, PTSD treatment, war trauma, September 11 attacks
MeSH terms: Adult, Brain Injuries, Female, Humans, Life Change Events, Male, Mental Health, Psychotropic Drugs, Risk Factors, Sex Offenses, Social Problems, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Warfare, Comorbidity, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Prevalence, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Adults: Impact, Comorbidity, Risk Factors, and Treatment

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