Quality of life in adults with autism spectrum disorder: influence of age, sex, and a controlled, randomized mindfulness-based stress reduction pilot intervention
Open accessAbstract
Purpose Adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) consistently report worse functional health and well-being, compared to neurotypical (NT) peers. In a series of studies, we aimed to elucidated the effects of sex, age, and their interaction on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and evaluated the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) for improving health-, disability-, and autism-related QoL, with possible sex and age outcome moderators, in adults with ASD.Methods Study 1 used the 36-Item Short Form Survey to compare mental and physical HRQoL composite scores in adults with ASD (n = 67) and matched NT adults (n = 66). Study 2 was a randomized pilot evaluation of the effect of MBSR, compared to an active control intervention with social support and relaxation education (support/education; n = 56), on the World Health Organization QoL BREF, Disability, and Autism-Specific scales in adults with ASD.Results In Study 1, we replicated findings that mental HRQoL is worse in both men and women with ASD, compared to NT counterparts, but physical HRQoL is only worse in women with ASD. We present novel findings that older age is associated with better mental HRQoL in women with ASD only. In Study 2, MBSR improved disability-related QoL in adults with ASD over and above the support/education intervention, but both interventions improved mental HRQoL. Lastly, both interventions were more effective for HRQoL improvements in women with ASD.Conclusion Findings encourage precision medicine approaches tailored to age and sex groups for best HRQoL outcomes in adults with ASD.Clinicaltrials gov Identifier: NCT04017793.
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Other improvements in quality of life, emotion regulation, autistic traits, stress and rumination have also been reported with MBTs.
“Other improvements in quality of life, emotion regulation, autistic traits, stress and rumination have also been reported.12,16,17”
From Distinct and shared therapeutic neural mechanisms of mindfulness-based and social support stress reduction groups in adults with autism spectrum disorder (2023) · cites this paper as [16]
The Study 2 Discussion reports improvements in disability-related quality of life specific to MBSR in adults with autism. It does not report improvements in emotion regulation, autistic traits, stress, or rumination; emotional functioning is discussed only as a possible explanation for the quality-of-life finding. The same section says neither intervention group improved on autism-specific quality of life. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Authors
- Braden, B. B., Pagni, B. A., Monahan, L., Walsh, M. J. M., Dixon, M. V., Delaney, S., Ballard, L., & Ware, J. E.
- Affiliations
- Arizona State University (US)
- Tufts Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Braden, B. Blair
- Venue
- Quality of Life Research
- Published
- 2021-10-16
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1427-1440
- ISSN
- 0962-9343 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2649
- PMC
- PMC9012783
- OpenAlex
- W3207036323
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 3.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Quality of Life Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (1K01MH116098, 1F31MH122107)
- National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (F31AT010976)
- Advanced Research Projects Agency (AR140105)
- Arizona Biomedical Research Commission (ADHS16-162413)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family and Disability Support Research
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, autistic adults, health-related quality of life, mindfulness-based stress reduction, sex differences, age differences, mental health, physical health, social support, precision medicine
- MeSH terms
- Autism Spectrum Disorder, Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Pilot Projects, Quality of Life, Social Support, Stress, Psychological, Mindfulness
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