The DOI matches its Crossref record; 58 of the 58 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Mental Health Status, Anxiety, and Depression Levels of Bangladeshi University Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Open accessAbstract
The current COVID-19 pandemic has affected people of all ages across the world both physically and psychologically. Understanding COVID-19's impact on university students' mental health status in Bangladesh has been limited, yet is a necessary population to study, since they are particularly vulnerable to stress and mental health issues. This study assessed anxiety, depressive symptoms, and mental health status among university students in Bangladesh. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Revised Scale, and Mental Health Inventory-5 were translated into Bangla and administered to university students (N = 874) online. In total, 40% of the participants had moderate to severe anxiety, 72% had depressive symptoms and 53% had moderate to poor mental health status. Moreover, path analysis showed worrying about COVID-19 and knowledge about the virus predicted anxiety and moderate to poor mental health status; knowledge and belief about COVID-19's severity in Bangladesh predicted depressive symptoms. Thus, revealing that mental health issues were high and COVID-19 worry predicted psychopathology symptoms among Bangladeshi university students. Overall, these results, examining students' mental health during COVID-19, in April 2020, can be helpful to compare how students have adjusted over the pandemic's progression.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“this is a lower prevalence when compared to those reported by research carried out on young adult populations at the early stages of the pandemic when social isolation was imposed to limit the spread of the virus (Faisal et al., 2022; Liu et al., 2020; Varma et al., 2021).”
From Social connections combat loneliness and promote wellbeing among college students coming out of the COVID-19 pandemic (2025) · cites this paper as Faisal et al., 2022
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
1 retracted
Zubayer, A. A., Rahman, M. E., Islam, M. B., Babu, S. Z. D., Rahman, Q. M., Bhuiyan, M. R. A. M., Khan, M. K. A., Chowdhury, M. A. U., Hossain, L., & Habib, R. (2020) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05057 · Cited by 67
RetractedThe CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
Radloff, L. S. (1977) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662167700100306 · Cited by 53,267
(1992) · PubMed · Cited by 33,716
A Brief Measure for Assessing Generalized Anxiety Disorder: The GAD-7
Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B. W., & Löwe, B. (2006) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092 · Cited by 31,765
The MOS 36-ltem Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36): I. Conceptual Framework and Item Selection
Ware, J. E., & Sherbourne, C. D. (1992) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-199206000-00002 · Cited by 30,033
The Psychological Impact of Quarantine and How to Reduce It: Rapid Review of the Evidence
Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020) · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3532534 · Cited by 16,394
The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: Rapid review of the evidence
Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30460-8 · Cited by 16,378
Cook, R. J., Dickens, B. M., & Fathalla, M. F. (2003) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199241323.003.0025 · Cited by 10,825
Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S., & Ho, R. C. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17051729 · Cited by 9,923
Bulletin of the World Health Organization
van der Sande, M. A. B., Walraven, G. E. L., Milligan, P. J., BANYA, W. A. S., CEESAY, S. M., Nyan, O. A., & McAdam, K. P. W. J. (2001) · Bulletin of the World Health Organization · Cited by 7,097
The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China
Cao, W., Fang, Z., Hou, G., Han, M., Xu, X., Dong, J., & Zheng, J. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934 · Cited by 5,843
Screening for Depression in Well Older Adults: Evaluation of a Short Form of the CES-D
Andresen, E. M., Malmgren, J. A., Carter, W. B., & Patrick, D. L. (1994) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(18)30622-6 · Cited by 5,403
Andresen, E. M., Malmgren, J. A., Carter, W. B., & Patrick, D. L. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 4,426
Mental health problems and social media exposure during COVID-19 outbreak
Gao, J., Zheng, P., Jia, Y., Chen, H., Mao, Y., Chen, S., Wang, Y., Fu, H., & Dai, J. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0231924 · Cited by 2,830
Mental Health Problems and Social Media Exposure During COVID-19 Outbreak
Gao, J., Zheng, P., Jia, Y., Chen, H., Mao, Y., Chen, S., Wang, Y., Fu, H., & Dai, J. (2020) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3541120 · Cited by 2,830
The structure of psychological distress and well-being in general populations.
Veit, C. T., & Ware, J. E. (1983) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.51.5.730 · Cited by 2,094
Shanafelt, T., Ripp, J., & Trockel, M. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.5893 · Cited by 1,956
Performance of a Five-Item Mental Health Screening Test
Berwick, D. M., Murphy, J. M., Goldman, P. A., Ware, J. E., Barsky, A. J., & Weinstein, M. C. (1991) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-199102000-00008 · Cited by 1,660
Coronavirus Anxiety Scale: A brief mental health screener for COVID-19 related anxiety
Lee, S. A. (2020) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2020.1748481 · Cited by 1,649
THE MOS 36- ITEM SHORT FORM HEALTH SURVEY (SF- 36) CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND ITEM SELECTION
J.E.Jr., W., & Sherburne, C. D. (1992) · Cited by 1,586
Epidemic of COVID-19 in China and associated psychological problems.
Ahmed, M. Z., Ahmed, O., Aibao, Z., Hanbin, S., Siyu, L., & Ahmad, A. (2020) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102092 · Cited by 1,390
Self-citationWorld Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki
Spiegel, R. (2003) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1002/047086947x.oth1 · Cited by 1,328
(2001) · PubMed Central · Cited by 1,203
COVID-19, SARS and MERS: are they closely related?
Petrosillo, N., Viceconte, G., Ergönül, Ö., Ippolito, G., & Petersen, E. (2020) · Clinical Microbiology and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2020.03.026 · Cited by 1,136
Islam, M. A., Barna, S. D., Raihan, H., Khan, M. N. A., & Hossain, M. T. (2020) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0238162 · Cited by 834
Iranian mental health during the COVID-19 epidemic
Zandifar, A., & Badrfam, R. (2020) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2020.101990 · Cited by 789
ITC Guidelines for Translating and Adapting Tests (Second Edition)
(2018) · International Journal of Testing · doi:10.1080/15305058.2017.1398166 · Cited by 789
Persistence of mental health problems and needs in a college student population
Zivin, K., Eisenberg, D., Gollust, S. E., & Golberstein, E. (2009) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2009.01.001 · Cited by 784
Khan, A. H., Sultana, S., Hossain, S., Hasan, M. T., Ahmed, H. U., & Sikder, M. T. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.135 · Cited by 484
The fear of COVID-19 and its role in preventive behaviours
Pakpour, A. H., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020) · Journal of Concurrent Disorders · doi:10.54127/wcic8036 · Cited by 463
Sakib, N., Bhuiyan, A. K. M. I., Hossain, S., Al Mamun, F., Hosen, I., Abdullah, A. H., Sarker, M. A., Mohiuddin, M. S., Rayhan, I., Hossain, M., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-020-00289-x · Cited by 414
The Mental Health Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic Across Different Cohorts
Khan, K. S., Mamun, M. A., Griffiths, M. D., & Ullah, I. (2020) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-020-00367-0 · Cited by 356
The fear of COVID-19 and its role in preventive behaviors
Pakpour, A. H., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020) · Nottingham Trent University's Institutional Repository (Nottingham Trent Repository) · Cited by 337
Predictors of Stress in College Students
Saleh, D., Camart, N., & Romo, L. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00019 · Cited by 320
Perceived stress in different countries at the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic
Gamonal-Limcaoco, S., Montero-Mateos, E., Lozano-López, M. T., Maciá-Casas, A., Matías-Fernández, J., & Roncero, C. (2021) · The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine · doi:10.1177/00912174211033710 · Cited by 293
Lin, C., Broström, A., Griffiths, M. D., & Pakpour, A. H. (2020) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2020.100345 · Cited by 290
(2004) · Cited by 261
Changes in Undergraduate Students’ Psychological Well-Being as They Experience University Life
Liu, X., Ping, S., & Gao, W. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16162864 · Cited by 261
Banna, M. H. A., Sayeed, A., Kundu, S., Christopher, E., Hasan, M. T., Begum, M. R., Kormoker, T., Dola, S. T. I., Hassan, M. M., Chowdhury, S., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Health Research · doi:10.1080/09603123.2020.1802409 · Cited by 261
Measurement properties of the CESD scale among individuals with spinal cord injury
Miller, W. C., Anton, H. A., & Townson, A. F. (2007) · Spinal Cord · doi:10.1038/sj.sc.3102127 · Cited by 252
Mamun, M. A., Sakib, N., Gozal, D., Bhuiyan, A. K. M. I., Hossain, S., Bodrud-Doza, M., Al‐Mamun, F., Hosen, I., Safiq, M. B., Abdullah, A. H., et al. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.036 · Cited by 252
Limcaoco, R. S. G., Mateos, E. M., Fernandez, J., & Roncero, C. (2020) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.04.03.20043992 · Cited by 203
Van, D., McLaws, M., Crimmins, J., MacIntyre, C. R., & Seale, H. (2010) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-130 · Cited by 186
Mental Health Problems and Associated Predictors Among Bangladeshi Students
Mamun, M. A., Hossain, M. S., & Griffiths, M. D. (2019) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-019-00144-8 · Cited by 155
Akan, H., Gürol, Y., İzbırak, G., Kurtuluş, Ş. Ö., Yılmaz, G., Vitrinel, A., & Hayran, O. (2010) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-413 · Cited by 134
Lee, S. A., & Crunk, E. A. (2022) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/0030222820949350 · Cited by 134
Hashemi, S. G. S., Hosseinnezhad, S., Dini, S., Griffiths, M. D., Lin, C., & Pakpour, A. H. (2020) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05135 · Cited by 128
Andrade, E. F., Pereira, L. J., de Oliveira, A. P. L., Orlando, D. R., Alves, D. A. G., Guilarducci, J. D. S., & Castelo, P. M. (2020) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2020.1809786 · Cited by 121
Casale, S., & Flett, G. L. (2020) · PubMed Central · doi:10.36131/cn20200211 · Cited by 105
Adaptation of the Bangla Version of the COVID-19 Anxiety Scale
Ahmed, O., Faisal, R. A., Sharker, T., Lee, S. A., & Jobe, M. C. (2020) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-020-00357-2 · Cited by 97
Self-citationCOVID-19 outbreak in Bangladesh and associated psychological problems: An online survey
Ahmed, O., Ahmed, M. Z., Alim, S. M. A. H. M., Khan, M., & Jobe, M. C. (2020) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2020.1818884 · Cited by 74
Self-citationDifferences between Undergraduate and Graduate Students in Stress and Coping Strategies
Ickes, M. J., Brown, J., Reeves, B., & Zephyr, P. M. D. (2015) · Californian Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.32398/cjhp.v13i1.1810 · Cited by 46
Taylor, M. R., Barr, M. L., Stevens, G. J., Bryson-Taylor, D., Agho, K., Jacobs, J., & Raphael, B. (2010) · Population Health Metrics · doi:10.1186/1478-7954-8-28 · Cited by 36
Theunissen, M., Jansen, M. W. J., & van Gestel, A. (2011) · BMC Research Notes · doi:10.1186/1756-0500-4-100 · Cited by 31
Potential threats of COVID-19 on quarantined families
Ansari, M., & Yousefabad, S. A. (2020) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2020.04.014 · Cited by 31
Battista, S. R., Pencer, A. H., McGonnell, M., Durdle, H., & Stewart, S. H. (2012) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-012-9395-0 · Cited by 29
Replication analysis of the COVID-19 Worry Scale
Faisal, R. A., Jobe, M. C., Ahmed, O., & Sharker, T. (2020) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2020.1815104 · Cited by 16
Self-citationDepression and Associated Factors among International Students in a Private University of Bangladesh
Jamilah, A., Haque, M. I., Muhammad, F., Harun, M. G. D., Chowdhury, A. B. M. A., Akramuzzaman, M., Arafat, S. M. Y., & Kabir, R. (2020) · GLOBAL PSYCHIATRY ARCHIVES · doi:10.2478/gp-2020-0021 · Cited by 12
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Dhira, T. A., Rahman, M. A., Sarker, A. R., & Mehareen, J. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0261590 · Cited by 251
Mental Disorders of Bangladeshi Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review
Al‐Mamun, F., Hosen, I., Misti, J. M., Kaggwa, M. M., & Mamun, M. A. (2021) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s315961 · Cited by 152
Al-Maroof, R. S., Alnazzawi, N., Akour, I. A., Ayoubi, K., Alhumaid, K. F., AlAhbabi, N. M. N., Alnnaimi, M., Thabit, S., Alfaisal, R., Aburayya, A., et al. (2021) · Informatics · doi:10.3390/informatics8040083 · Cited by 132
Oh, H. Y., Marinovich, C., Rajkumar, R. P., Besecker, M., Zhou, S., Jacob, L., Koyanagi, A., & Smith, L. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.05.121 · Cited by 91
Rahman, M. A., Dhira, T. A., Sarker, A. R., & Mehareen, J. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0269634 · Cited by 113
Metadata
- Authors
- Faisal, R. A., Jobe, M. C., Ahmed, O., & Sharker, T.
- Affiliations
- University of Chittagong (BD)
- George Washington University (US)
- Noakhali Science and Technology University (BD)
- Corresponding author
- Faisal, Rajib Ahmed
- Venue
- International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction
- Published
- 2021-01-04
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1500-1515
- ISSN
- 1557-1874 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-1882
- PMC
- PMC7781410
- OpenAlex
- W3120523998
- Cited by
- 275
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 80 · 2021: 36
- FWCI
- 38.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Student Stress and Coping
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, university students, mental health, anxiety, depressive symptoms, COVID-19 worry, COVID-19 knowledge, Bangladesh
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
