Persistence of mental health problems and needs in a college student population
Abstract
Background Cross-sectional studies indicate a high prevalence of mental health problems among college students, but there are fewer longitudinal data on these problems and related help-seeking behavior.Methods We conducted a baseline web-based survey of students attending a large public university in fall 2005 and a two-year follow-up survey in fall 2007. We used brief screening instruments to measure symptoms of mental disorders (anxiety, depression, eating disorders), as well as self-injury and suicidal ideation. We estimated the persistence of these mental health problems between the two time points, and determined to what extent students with mental health problems perceived a need for or used mental health services (medication or therapy). We conducted logistic regression analyses examining how baseline predictors were associated with mental health and help-seeking two years later.Results Over half of students suffered from at least one mental health problem at baseline or follow-up. Among students with at least one mental health problem at baseline, 60% had at least one mental health problem two years later. Among students with a mental health problem at both time points, fewer than half received treatment between those time points.Limitations Mental health problems are based on self-report to brief screens, and the sample is from a single university.Conclusions These findings indicate that mental disorders are prevalent and persistent in a student population. While the majority of students with probable disorders are aware of the need for treatment, most of these students do not receive treatment, even over a two-year period.
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The college years represent a peak age period for depression onset.
“The college years are characterized by a developmentally challenging transition from adolescence to adulthood, which represents a peak age period for depression onset”
From Meta-analytic review of online guided self-help interventions for depressive symptoms among college students (2021) · cites this paper as Zivin et al., 2009
Very few college students seek help despite many colleges offering counseling services.
“However, very few seek help despite the fact that many colleges offer counseling services”
From Meta-analytic review of online guided self-help interventions for depressive symptoms among college students (2021) · cites this paper as Zivin et al., 2009
Fear of stigma, lack of time, financial costs, and inconvenient access to care are significant barriers to seeking help among college students.
“fear of stigma, lack of time, financial costs, and inconvenient access to care have been identified as significant barriers to seeking help among college students”
From Meta-analytic review of online guided self-help interventions for depressive symptoms among college students (2021) · cites this paper as Zivin et al., 2009
Previous research reported about 3%-7% of the college student population to have suicidal thoughts outside of the pandemic situation.
“Previous research [32] reported about 3%-7% of the college student population to have suicidal thoughts outside of the pandemic situation.”
From Effects of COVID-19 on College Students’ Mental Health in the United States: Interview Survey Study (2020) · cites this paper as [32]
Depression and anxiety symptoms are common among college students, with more than half reporting symptoms in the previous year severe enough to impair functioning.
“Depression and anxiety symptoms are particularly common among college students, with more than half reporting symptoms of anxiety and depression in the previous year that were so severe they had difficulty functioning [2].”
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- Authors
- Zivin, K., Eisenberg, D., Gollust, S. E., & Golberstein, E.
- Affiliations
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zivin, Kara
- Venue
- Journal of Affective Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-10
- Volume
- 117
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 180-185
- ISSN
- 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2004267009
- Cited by
- 784
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 75 · 2021: 81 · 2020: 69 · 2019: 56 · 2018: 67 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 52 · 2015: 46 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 27.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Student Stress and Coping
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
- Keywords
- university students, mental illness, help-seeking, treatment utilization, anxiety, depression, eating disorders, self-harm, suicidal ideation, mental health services, longitudinal follow-up
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Feeding and Eating Disorders, Mental Disorders, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depressive Disorder, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mental Health Services, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Psychotropic Drugs, Student Health Services, Students, Suicide, Attempted, Midwestern United States, Comorbidity, Self-Injurious Behavior, Needs Assessment, Young Adult
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