The DOI matches its Crossref record; 21 of the 21 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Financial Incentives for Extended Weight Loss: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Open accessAbstract
Background Previous efforts to use incentives for weight loss have resulted in substantial weight regain after 16 weeks.Objective To evaluate a longer term weight loss intervention using financial incentives.Design A 32-week, three-arm randomized controlled trial of financial incentives for weight loss consisting of a 24-week weight loss phase during which all participants were given a weight loss goal of 1 pound per week, followed by an 8-week maintenance phase.Participants Veterans who were patients at the Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center with BMIs of 30-40.Intervention Participants were randomly assigned to participate in either a weight-monitoring program involving a consultation with a dietician and monthly weigh-ins (control condition), or the same program with one of two financial incentive plans. Both incentive arms used deposit contracts (DC) in which participants put their own money at risk (matched 1:1), which they lost if they failed to lose weight. In one incentive arm participants were told that the period after 24 weeks was for weight-loss maintenance; in the other, no such distinction was made.Main measure Weight loss after 32 weeks.Key results Results were analyzed using intention-to-treat. There was no difference in weight loss between the incentive arms (P = 0.80). Incentive participants lost more weight than control participants [mean DC = 8.70 pounds, mean control = 1.17, P = 0.04, 95% CI of the difference in means (0.56, 14.50)]. Follow-up data 36 weeks after the 32-week intervention had ended indicated weight regain; the net weight loss between the incentive and control groups was no longer significant (mean DC = 1.2 pounds, 95% CI, -2.58-5.00; mean control = 0.27, 95% CI, -3.77-4.30, P = 0.76).Conclusions Financial incentives produced significant weight loss over an 8-month intervention; however, participants regained weight post-intervention.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“As such, several studies have documented the benefits of financial incentives to change relatively intractable health-compromising behaviours (Cahill & Perera, 2011; Halpern et al., 2011; John et al., 2011; Kim et al., 2012; Kimmel et al., 2012; Kullgren et al., 2013; Volpp et al., 2008).”
From Addressing sleep disturbances: an opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? (2014) · cites this paper as John et al., 2011
In the citing paper
“Since many health-compromising behaviours have benefits that may vary across individuals, financial incentives may act as a universal, simple, adaptable, alternative reinforcer (Halpern et al., 2011; John et al., 2011, 2012; Kim et al., 2012; Kimmel et al., 2012; Kullgren et al., 2013; Loewenstein et al., 2013; Shea et al., 2012; Volpp et al., 2008, 2011).”
From Addressing sleep disturbances: an opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease? (2014) · cites this paper as John et al., 2011
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
1 retracted
RETRACTED: Procrastination, Deadlines, and Performance: Self-Control by Precommitment
Ariely, D., & Wertenbroch, K. (2002) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00441 · Cited by 1,266
RetractedProspect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk
Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1979) · Econometrica · doi:10.2307/1914185 · Cited by 48,524
Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk
Kahneman, D. J., & Tversky, A. (1988) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511609220.014 · Cited by 32,720
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin
(2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa012512 · Cited by 19,011
Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in the United States, 1999-2004
Ogden, C. L., Carroll, M. D., Curtin, L. R., McDowell, M. A., Tabak, C. J., & Flegal, K. M. (2006) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.295.13.1549 · Cited by 8,720
Loss aversion in riskless choice: A reference-dependent model.
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1991) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.2307/2937956 · Cited by 6,432
Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in the United States
Crespo, C. J., & Smit, E. (2003) · Human Kinetics eBooks · doi:10.5040/9781718206601.ch-001 · Cited by 4,382
Myopia and Inconsistency in Dynamic Utility Maximization
Strotz, R. H. (1973) · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-15492-0_10 · Cited by 2,803
Specious reward: A behavioral theory of impulsiveness and impulse control.
Ainslie, G. (1975) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0076860 · Cited by 2,708
Anomalies in Intertemporal Choice: Evidence and an Interpretation
Loewenstein, G., & Prelec, D. (1992) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.2307/2118482 · Cited by 2,305
Self-citationWeinstein, N. D. (1987) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf00846146 · Cited by 1,297
Long-term maintenance of weight loss: Current status.
Jeffery, R. W., Epstein, L. H., Wilson, G. T., Drewnowski, A., Stunkard, A. J., & Wing, R. R. (2000) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.19.suppl1.5 · Cited by 1,093
Financial Incentive–Based Approaches for Weight Loss: A Randomized Trial
Volpp, K. G., John, L. K., Troxel, A. B., Norton, L., Fassbender, J., & Loewenstein, G. (2008) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2008.804 · Cited by 923
Self-citationProspect Theory. An Analysis of Decision Making Under Risk
Kahneman, D. J., & Tversky, A. (1977) · doi:10.21236/ada045771 · Cited by 879
The Look AHEAD Research Group (2003) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/s0197-2456(03)00064-3 · Cited by 767
Bidding on the future: Evidence against normative discounting of delayed rewards.
Kirby, K. N. (1997) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.126.1.54 · Cited by 750
Asymmetric Paternalism to Improve Health Behaviors
Loewenstein, G., Brennan, T., & Volpp, K. G. (2007) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.298.20.2415 · Cited by 533
Self-citationPerceived driving safety and seatbelt usage
Svenson, O., Fischhoff, B., & MacGregor, D. G. (1985) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/0001-4575(85)90015-6 · Cited by 166
Frequency, Probability, and Prediction: Easy Solutions to Cognitive Illusions?
Griffin, D. W., & Buehler, R. (1999) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1006/cogp.1998.0707 · Cited by 137
Effects on weight reduction of strong monetary contracts for calorie restriction or weight loss
Jeffery, R. W., Thompson, P. D., & Wing, R. R. (1978) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(78)90005-0 · Cited by 127
Weight Loss With Self-help Compared With a Structured Commercial Program: A Randomized Trial
Heshka, S., Anderson, J. W., Atkinson, R. L., Greenway, F. L., Hill, J. O., Phinney, S. D., Kolotkin, R. L., Miller-Kovach, K., & Pi-Sunyer, F. X. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.14.1792 · Cited by 7
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Thaler RH. Some empirical evidence on time inconsistency. Rev Econ Stud. 1981;23:165–80.
- Locke EA, Latham GP. A theory of goal setting and task performance Englewood Cliffs. NJ: Prentice Hall; 1990.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Allcott, H., & Rogers, T. (2014) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.104.10.3003 · Cited by 1,340
The behavioral economics of substance use disorders: reinforcement pathologies and their repair
Bickel, W. K., Johnson, M. W., Koffarnus, M. N., MacKillop, J., & Murphy, J. G. (2014) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153724 · Cited by 655
Motivation, self-determination, and long-term weight control
Teixeira, P. J., Silva, M. N., Mata, J., Palmeira, A. L., & Markland, D. (2012) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-9-22 · Cited by 422
Royer, H., Stehr, M. F., & Sydnor, J. (2012) · American Economic Journal Applied Economics · doi:10.1257/app.20130327 · Cited by 413
Morewedge, C. K., Yoon, H., Scopelliti, I., Symborski, C., Korris, J. H., & Kassam, K. (2015) · Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1177/2372732215600886 · Cited by 430
Metadata
- Authors
- John, L. K., Loewenstein, G., Troxel, A. B., Norton, L., Fassbender, J. E., & Volpp, K. G.
- Affiliations
- Carnegie Mellon University (US)
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics (US)
- Philadelphia VA Medical Center (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- John, Leslie K.
- Venue
- Journal of General Internal Medicine
- Published
- 2011-01-20
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 621-626
- ISSN
- 0884-8734 (ISSN-L)
- 1525-1497
- PMC
- PMC3101962
- OpenAlex
- W2112703815
- Cited by
- 346
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 36.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of General Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Agriculture
- William and Flora Hewlett Foundation
- National Institutes of Health (5p30ag012836-30)
- Economic Research Service
- National Institute on Aging (P30-AG-012836)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity and Health Practices
- Keywords
- financial incentives, weight loss, weight regain, deposit contracts, obesity, veterans, weight loss maintenance, behavioral interventions
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Body Weight, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Hospitals, Veterans, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Motivation, Obesity, Reward, Time Factors, Weight Loss
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
