Alpha-Linolenic Acid: Is It Essential to Cardiovascular Health?
Open accessAbstract
There is a large body of scientific evidence that has been confirmed in randomized controlled trials indicating a cardioprotective effect for omega-3 fatty acids from fish. For alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), which is the omega-3 fatty acid from plants, the relation to cardiovascular health is less clear. We reviewed the recent literature on dietary ALA intake, ALA tissue concentrations, and cardiovascular health in humans. Short-term trials (6-12 weeks) in generally healthy participants mostly showed no or inconsistent effects of ALA intake (1.2-3.6 g/d) on blood lipids, low-density lipoprotein oxidation, lipoprotein(a), and apolipoproteins A-I and B. Studies of ALA in relation to inflammatory markers and glucose metabolism yielded conflicting results. With regard to clinical cardiovascular outcomes, there is observational evidence for a protective effect against nonfatal myocardial infarction. However, no protective associations were observed between ALA status and risk of heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and sudden death. Findings from long-term trials of ALA supplementation are awaited to answer the question whether food-based or higher doses of ALA could be important for cardiovascular health in cardiac patients and the general population.
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Findings of trials of risk markers and observational studies of ALA's association with CVD and diabetes endpoints have been mixed and inconclusive.
“Yet, findings of trials of risk markers, such as platelet function, inflammation, endothelial function, and arterial compliance, and observational studies of its association with CVD and diabetes endpoints, have been mixed and inconclusive.371, 372”
From Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review (2016) · cites this paper as [372]
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Nogueira, M. S. (2020) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.9.2020.tde-20122021-112905
Microbial Production of Α-Linolenic Acid (ALA)
Bağdat, E. Ş., Ilıkkan, Ö. K., Erdoğan, H., & Güngör, N. D. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-81403-8_48-1
The intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids and cardiovascular diseases
de Goede, J. (2011) · doi:10.18174/182579
- Authors
- Geleijnse, J. M., de Goede, J., & Brouwer, I. A.
- Affiliations
- Wageningen University & Research (NL)
- Amsterdam Public Health (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Geleijnse, Johanna M.
- Venue
- Current Atherosclerosis Reports
- Published
- 2010-09-03
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 359-367
- ISSN
- 1523-3804 (ISSN-L)
- 1534-6242
- PMC
- PMC2943064
- OpenAlex
- W2122210124
- Cited by
- 60
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 5.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Current Atherosclerosis Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (acceptedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Edible Oils Quality and Analysis
- Keywords
- alpha-linolenic acid, omega-3 fatty acids, cardiovascular health, cardioprotection, serum lipids, LDL oxidation, lipoprotein(a), apolipoproteins, inflammatory markers, glucose metabolism, myocardial infarction, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, sudden death
- MeSH terms
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Docosahexaenoic Acids, Drug Combinations, Female, Humans, Male, Eicosapentaenoic Acid, Treatment Outcome, alpha-Linolenic Acid
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