ADD/ADHD and impaired executive function in clinical practice
Abstract
The disorder currently known as attention-deficit disorder (ADD) or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is now recognized by most clinicians as a legitimate and widely prevalent disorder among children and adults. Yet there is still widespread misunderstanding as to the disorder's nature. Many clinicians mistakenly continue to think of this as a behavior disorder characterized by hyperactivity in children and excessive restlessness or impulsivity in adults. In fact, ADD/ADHD is essentially a cognitive disorder, a developmental impairment of executive functions (EFs), the self-management system of the brain. Although EFs are complex, their impairment constitutes a syndrome that can be recognized readily in clinical practice; impaired EF involves a pattern of chronic difficulties in executing a wide variety of daily tasks. Once recognized, this disorder can be effectively treated in most cases. In this article, I describe the nature of EF impairments in ADD/ADHD and how the syndrome can be recognized and effectively treated in clinical practice. (Note: The term ADHD is used in the balance of this article to refer to both inattentive and combined subtypes.).
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Some laboratory tasks have questionable ecological validity for ADHD.
“the ecological validity of some are questionable in ADHD (Barkley & Fischer, 2011; Barkley & Murphy, 2011; Brown, 2008)”
From Mindfulness Meditation Training for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Adulthood: Current Empirical Support, Treatment Overview, and Future Directions (2015) · cites this paper as Brown, 2008
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- Authors
- Brown, T. E.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Brown, Thomas E.
- ORCID
- Brown, Thomas E.
- Venue
- Current Psychiatry Reports
- Published
- 2008-10
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 407-411
- ISSN
- 1523-3812 (ISSN-L)
- 1535-1645
- OpenAlex
- W2177246519
- Cited by
- 137
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 1.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Current Psychiatry Reports (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, executive dysfunction, cognitive disorders, self-management, clinical recognition, ADHD treatment, inattentive subtype, combined subtype, hyperactivity, impulsivity, children and adults
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Cognition Disorders, Diagnosis, Differential, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Drug Administration Schedule, Humans, Neuropsychology, Treatment Outcome
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