The DOI matches its Crossref record, with a small difference in title or year; 205 of the 205 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Immunology of Aging: the Birth of Inflammaging
Open accessAbstract
The inflammaging concept was introduced in 2000 by Prof. Franceschi. This was an evolutionary or rather a revolutionary conceptualization of the immune changes in response to a lifelong stress. This conceptualization permitted to consider the lifelong proinflammatory process as an adaptation which could eventually lead to either beneficial or detrimental consequences. This dichotomy is influenced by both the genetics and the environment. Depending on which way prevails in an individual, the outcome may be healthy longevity or pathological aging burdened with aging-related diseases. The concept of inflammaging has also revealed the complex, systemic nature of aging. Thus, this conceptualization opens the way to consider age-related processes in their complexity, meaning that not only the process but also all counter-processes should be considered. It has also opened the way to add new concepts to the original one, leading to better understanding of the nature of inflammaging and of aging itself. Finally, it showed the way towards potential multimodal interventions involving a holistic approach to optimize the aging process towards a healthy longevity.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“A relationship between aging and chronic, low-grade inflammation exists, in which a term called “inflammaging” arose, coined by Dr. Franceschi in the year 2000 (38). With this, proinflammatory cytokines are notably increased, including immune cells infiltrating WAT (38).”
From Metabolic impact of endogenously produced estrogens by adipose tissue in females and males across the lifespan (2025) · cites this paper as [38]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
López-Otín, C., Blasco, M. A., Partridge, L., Serrano, M., & Kroemer, G. (2013) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.05.039 · Cited by 14,982
The serial cultivation of human diploid cell strains
Hayflick, L., & Moorhead, P. S. (1961) · Experimental Cell Research · doi:10.1016/0014-4827(61)90192-6 · Cited by 8,508
Inflamm‐aging: An Evolutionary Perspective on Immunosenescence
FRANCESCHI, C., BONAFÈ, M., VALENSIN, S., OLIVIERI, F., DE LUCA, M., OTTAVIANI, E., & DE BENEDICTIS, G. (2000) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06651.x · Cited by 5,358
Self-citationThe proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2
Andersen, K. G., Rambaut, A., Lipkin, W. I., Holmes, E. C., & Garry, R. F. (2020) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-020-0820-9 · Cited by 5,081
Chronic Inflammation (Inflammaging) and Its Potential Contribution to Age-Associated Diseases
Franceschi, C., & Campisi, J. (2014) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/glu057 · Cited by 3,891
Self-citationInflammaging: a new immune–metabolic viewpoint for age-related diseases
Franceschi, C., Garagnani, P., Parini, P., Giuliani, C., & Santoro, A. (2018) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-018-0059-4 · Cited by 3,586
Self-citationDNA methylation-based biomarkers and the epigenetic clock theory of ageing
Horvath, S., & Raj, K. (2018) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41576-018-0004-3 · Cited by 3,095
mTOR at the nexus of nutrition, growth, ageing and disease
Liu, G. Y., & Sabatini, D. M. (2020) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/s41580-019-0199-y · Cited by 2,737
Defining trained immunity and its role in health and disease
Netea, M. G., Domínguez-Andrés, J., Barreiro, L. B., Chavakis, T., Divangahi, M., Fuchs, E., Joosten, L. A. B., van der Meer, J. W. M., Mhlanga, M. M., Mulder, W. J. M., et al. (2020) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-020-0285-6 · Cited by 2,690
Pathogen Recognition by the Innate Immune System
Kumar, H., Kawai, T., & Akira, S. (2011) · International Reviews of Immunology · doi:10.3109/08830185.2010.529976 · Cited by 2,368
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Ottaviani E, Franceschi C (1997) The invertebrate phagocytic immunocyte: clues to a common evolution of immune and neuroendocrine systems. Immunol Today 18(4):169–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-5699(97)84663-4 · DOI
- Ong SM, Hadadi E, Dang TM, Yeap WH, Tan CT, Ng TP, Larbi A, Wong SC (2018) The pro-inflammatory phenotype of the human non-classical monocyte subset is attributed to senescence. Cell Death Dis 9(3):266. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-018-0327-1 · DOI · Paper page
- Bektas A, Schurman SH, Sen R, Ferrucci L (2017) Human T cell immunosenescence and inflammation in aging. J Leukoc Biol 102(4):977–988. https://doi.org/10.1189/jlb.3RI0716-335R · DOI
- Janac S, Clarke B, Gems D (2017) Aging: natural or disease? A view from medical textbooks. In: Vaiserman AM (ed) Anti-aging drugs: from basic research to clinical practice. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge (UK), p 2017
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–465 of 465
Korotkova, M. S., Александровна, П. Н., Kalinina, A. A., Khromykh, L. M., & Kazansky, D. B. (2025) · Bulletin of Russian State Medical University · doi:10.24075/brsmu.2025.057
Genetic Associations with Longevity in a Calabrian Cohort: A Genome-Wide StudyPreprint
Beccacece, L., Crocco, P., Torbidoni-Baldassari, B., Pallotti, S., Huang, J., Belloy, M. E., Passarino, G., Rose, G., Dato, S., & Napolioni, V. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2025.12.17.694890
EFFECT OF A THERAPEUTIC AND PROPHYLACTIC COMPLEX ON THE BLOOD LIPID PROFILE IN AGED RATS
Babenia, H. O., Khromahina, L. M., Dienha, O. V., & Shnaider, S. A. (2025) · The Medical and Ecological Problems · doi:10.31718/mep.2025.29.3.02
Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and survival in palliative patients: can we predict the day of death?
Utku, İ. K., & Ozkan, H. (2025) · Journal of Medicine and Palliative Care · doi:10.47582/jompac.1817592
Kenny, K., Niesman, I. R., Moon, K. S., Sussman, M. A., Wright, M. K., Dawood, D., & Phillips, J. A. (2026) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology15030270 · Cited by 1
Vaccination des seniors : un impératif de santé publique au défi de l’immunosénescence
Lelièvre, P. J.-D. (2026) · Revue Francophone des Laboratoires · doi:10.1016/s1773-035x(26)76564-3
Soraci, L., Biscetti, L., Corsonello, A., Savedra, E. V., Gembillo, G., Luciani, F., Beccacece, A., Princiotto, M., Nicastri, E., Ponzetta, L., et al. (2026) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph19020302
Anaphylaxis in the Elderly: A Neglected Population
Carbone, A., Ventura, M. T., Boni, E., Buquicchio, R., & Giuliano, A. F. M. (2026) · Current Treatment Options in Allergy · doi:10.1007/s40521-026-00414-6
Wei, B. K., Dai, X., Zhang, E., Li, C., Mao, J., Feng, W., Yang, L., Yan, L., Chen, J., & Li, Y. (2026) · Immunobiology · doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2026.153179
Hu, J., Li, E., Jin, Y.-P., Wu, J., & Ni, J. (2026) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2026.1784156
Castillo, R. L., Jofré‐Saldía, E., Cáceres-Vergara, D., Renard, G. M., & Figueroa, E. G. (2026) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines14040875
Huang, W., Zhang, S., Chen, W., Wang, W., Lin, Y., Zhang, S., & Huang, F. (2026) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100846
Liu, S.-Y., Xu, S., Gao, J.-L., Kong, X.-K., Shi, J., Miao, Y., Tang, Y.-T., Zhao, B., Fang, F., Wang, A.-T., et al. (2026) · Military Medical Research · doi:10.1016/j.mmr.2026.100031
Insights of traditional Indian anti-aging herbal beverages, network pharmacology, and perspectives
Joshi, D. D., Thorat, S. S., Deb, L., Rana, V. S., & Kharkwal, H. (2026) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2026.103154
Surface-induced mechano-regulation of macrophages: emerging strategies for immunotherapy
Yang, J., Liu, R., Liu, X., & Song, Y. (2026) · Med-X · doi:10.1007/s44258-026-00083-9 · Cited by 1
Immunotherapy for senescent cell clearance: Hallmarks, strategies and translational challenges
Zhang, W., Chen, S., & Zhuang, X. (2026) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2026.103174
Prokopov, A., Дробинцева, А. О., Любякина, П. Н., & Kvetnoy, I. M. (2026) · Успехи геронтологии · doi:10.34922/ae.2026.39s
Gut microbiota: The hidden hallmark of aging
Kaushik, K., Sharma, M., Sharma, R., Reza, A., Sharma, G., Panwar, S., Nagraik, R., Negi, P., & Sharma, A. (2026) · Acta Microbiologica et Immunologica Hungarica · doi:10.1556/030.2026.02808
Jernigan, J. E., Menees, K. B., & Tansey, M. G. (2026) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-026-03858-4
Genetic associations with longevity in a Calabrian cohort: an exploratory genome-wide study
Beccacece, L., Crocco, P., Torbidoni-Baldassari, B., Pallotti, S., Huang, J., Belloy, M. E., Puca, A. A., Bae, H. T., Sebastiani, P., Passarino, G., et al. (2026) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-026-02334-4
Bozkurt, B. K., Aslan, S., Bozkurt, O., Bodur, M., Ağagündüz, D., & Budán, F. (2026) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2026.1814234
Zhang, L., Shan, Q., Chen, X., Feng, S., Meng, Q., & Zhang, H. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-9616535/v1
Vavougios, G., & Hadjigeorgiou, G. M. (2026) · Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.3389/frai.2026.1732901
Slavinsky, V., Ching, L. M., Carney, B. C., Huang, J., Lee, D. T., Allely, R. R., Shupp, J. W., Tejiram, S., & Travis, T. E. (2026) · Journal of Burn Care & Research · doi:10.1093/jbcr/irag085
Ge, W., Wang, G., Zhang, X., Jianping, C. A. I., Jianjie, M. A. O., & Yang, Z. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-9582946/v1
Galvis, C. A. N., Zabaleta, J., Alliey‐Rodriguez, N., & Salamanca, L. M. (2026) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glag166
Ibrahim, A. A. A., Abdelgalil, M. S., El-Farargy, S. H., Shaheen, R. S., Darwish, M. Y., Abdelrazek, A., Metwally, S. A., Atiya, M. A. N., Attia, K. S., & Abd‐ElGawad, M. (2026) · International Journal of Colorectal Disease · doi:10.1007/s00384-026-05161-3
Sabuncu, Ü., Babaoğlu, G., Dadali, Ş., ÇOŞTU, A., Bal, N. Ş., & Akçaboy, E. Y. (2026) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina62071316
Lifestyle Medicine for Glaucoma
Dada, T., & Bhartiya, S. (2026) · JOURNAL OF CURRENT GLAUCOMA PRACTICE · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10078-1511
SMP30: a promising cancer biomarker with therapeutic potential
Chen, P., Zhang, Y., & Guo, Y. (2026) · Open Medicine · doi:10.1515/med-2026-1447
Arnold, C. R., Mangesius, J., Weinberger, B., Portnaia, I., Santacroce, A., Ganswindt, U., & Muacevic, A. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1888282
Role of Obesity-Triggered Inflammation in Aging
Fülöp, T., Franck, M., Cohen, A. A., Alami, M., Berrougui, H., Khalil, A., Pawelec, G., & Witkowski, J. M. (2026) · Healthy ageing and longevity · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-24097-2_8
Self-citationDinçer, Z. Y., Zıkşahna, K., & Ihlamur, M. (2026) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glag183
Innate Immune System Biomarkers in Asthma in Older Age: A Mini Review
Zamani, F., Kalmarzi, R. N., Fathizadeh, K., Sigari, N., Hasani, S., Lotfi, R., & Khosravi, A. (2026) · Archives of Iranian Medicine · doi:10.34172/aim.34410
Addor, F. A. S., Odeimi, J., Rezze, G. G., Fernandes, É., Feiges, M. F., Haykal, D., & Rey, A. B. (2026) · Dermatology and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13555-026-01862-3
Belova, Y. I., Fedorina, A. I., Дробинцева, А. О., Gracheva, S. G., Nasyrov, R. A., Kvetnoy, I. M., & Pinto, E. (2026) · Успехи геронтологии · doi:10.34922/ae.2026.39.3.016
Pugliese, S., Torino, C., Giancotti, R., Vilasi, A. D., & Curcio, S. (2026) · ACM International Conference on Bioinformatics, Computational Biology, and Health Informatics (ACM-BCB) · doi:10.1145/3807503.3820753
Karbacher, L., Mertens, J., Kowarschik, S., Lederer, A., Ku, M., Huber, R., & Storz, M. A. (2026) · MedComm · doi:10.1002/mco2.70899
The coordinated actions of metformin in the intestine and liver improves hyperglycemia
He, L., An, H., Ramirez, K., Radovick, S., & Wondisford, F. E. (2026) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117791 · Cited by 1
Saavedra, D., Mittal, R., Blaschke, C. E., Tondin, A. R., Añé-Kourí, A. L., Lage, A., Frasca, D., & Skyler, J. S. (2026) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db26-0159
Xu, X.-Z., Dong, M.-S., Dai, J.-Y., Wang, Q.-Y., Dong, X.-C., & Jin, Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2026.1865281
McCarthy, S. F., Jackson, G. S., Islam, H., & Little, J. P. (2026) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2026.08.207
Mposhi, A., Uvnäs‐Moberg, K., & Turner, J. D. (2026) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2026.103343
Aung, S., Phyu, S. E., Giribabu, N., & Salleh, N. (2026) · Biogerontology · doi:10.1007/s10522-026-10482-5
Breaking the self-reinforcing cycle of aging: Biomaterial strategies for aged bone regeneration
Wang, Y., Chen, J., Liu, X., Pei, Y., Chen, S., & Zhou, Y. (2026) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2026.103348
Doar, E., Kishiyama, J., Bair, Z. J., Stamets, P. E., & Beathard, C. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1946950
The emerging role of aging in tumorigenesis
Wu, X., Wang, H., Liu, Y., & Hu, P. (2026) · Cell investigation. · doi:10.1016/j.clnves.2026.100093
Yang, G., Wang, J., Zhang, S., Cheng, Y., Li, Y., 杨旭, Qu, L., Wang, J., Liu, Y., Li, Y., et al. (2026) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.jpha.2026.101794
Feruza, J., Otajon, M., Shaxobiddin, M., Mamura, A., Kubaev, A., Nargiza, K., & qizi, A. Z. F. (2026) · Oral Diseases · doi:10.1111/odi.70493
Guo, T.-T., Hong-xin, Z., & Jiang, Q.-D. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1949165
Yu, L., Deng, H., Yang, M., Jiang, D.-S., Liao, C., Sun, D., Song, J., Luo, H., Liu, W., & Wang, X. (2026) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.1177/13872877261492699
Immune system ontogeny—a subtle evolution to perfection
Munteanu, A. N., Surcel, M., Dobre, E. G., Constantin, C., & Neagu, M. (2026) · Frontiers in Aging · doi:10.3389/fragi.2026.1872955
Cui, M., Xu, Z., Cheng, J., 张吉鹍, Hu, C., & Zhang, Y. (2026) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology15191741
Wang, H., Wang, J., Meng, X., Sun, S., Li, J., & Wang, Y. (2026) · Mediators of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/mi/2146565
The Effect of Chronic Inflammation on Cellular Aging Processes and Current Treatment Approaches
Başaran, A. (2026) · Uluslararası Sağlık Bilimlerinde Disiplinler Arası Etkileşim Dergisi · doi:10.65349/nxpt1964
Giuliani, M. E., Fortunato, C., Fumarola, S., Pazmay, G. V. B., Giuliani, A., Marcozzi, S., Bigossi, G., Lai, G., Alimi, S. S., Perini, D., et al. (2026) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2026.113348
Cellular senescence in multiple sclerosis: hallmarks, immunosenescence, and therapeutic implications
Yousef, A., Seubert, J. M., Power, C., & Nathoo, N. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1944657
Exercise as a Longevity Matrix: A Narrative Review
Arabzadeh, E., Rostamkhani, F., Shirvani, H., & Wong, A. (2026) · SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine · doi:10.1007/s42399-026-02764-3
Can Agri-Food By-Products Modulate Inflammaging? A Critical Review of Mechanistic Evidence
Silva, P., & Reale, M. (2026) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app162010062
Wang, Y., Miao, R., Liu, S., Chen, R., Ren, J., Yang, K., Hu, S., Yang, K., Wu, K., Ma, X., et al. (2026) · iLiver · doi:10.1016/j.iliver.2026.100277
Tumor-associated immunosenescence: Mechanisms, biomarkers and age-adaptive immunotherapy
Wu, H., Yang, Z., Zhang, H., Jin, Y., Ji, S., Zhang, Z., Sun, G., & Zhang, X. (2026) · Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology · doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2026.105647
Trained immunity in chronic, relapsing and low-grade joint inflammation
Kischkel, B., Nasi, S., Leroy, C., Joosten, L. A. B., & Ea, H. (2026) · Nature Reviews Rheumatology · doi:10.1038/s41584-026-01439-6
Zhuang, J., & Yu, W. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1979955
Liu, R., Zhu, Z., Li, Y., Xing, X., Wang, X., & Huang, C. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1976649
Metadata
- Authors
- Fulop, T., Larbi, A., Pawelec, G., Khalil, A., Cohen, A. A., Hirokawa, K., Witkowski, J. M., & Franceschi, C.
- Affiliations
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (SG)
- Health Sciences North (CA)
- Université de Sherbrooke (CA)
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University (JP)
- Gdańsk Medical University (PL)
- N. I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod (RU)
- Venue
- Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
- Published
- 2021-09-18
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 109-122
- ISSN
- 1080-0549 (ISSN-L)
- 1559-0267
- PMC
- PMC8449217
- OpenAlex
- W3201542050
- Cited by
- 464
- References
- 205
- Citations by year
- 2026: 104 · 2025: 131 · 2024: 111 · 2023: 63 · 2022: 52 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 4.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- cihr (106634 and PJT-162366)
- fonds de recherche du québec-société et culture
- krajowy naukowy osrodek wiodacy
- a*star
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence
- Keywords
- inflammaging, immunosenescence, aging, low-grade inflammation, healthy longevity, age-related diseases, genetic and environmental factors, multimodal intervention
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Female, Humans, Inflammation, Longevity, Pregnancy, Parturition
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
