Electrocatalytic Water Splitting Mechanism and Electrocatalyst Design

Opportunities and challenges for a sustainable energy future

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A review on fundamentals for designing oxygen evolution electrocatalysts

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Activating and optimizing MoS2 basal planes for hydrogen evolution through the formation of strained sulphur vacancies

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Homogeneously dispersed multimetal oxygen-evolving catalysts

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Plasma‐Engraved Co₃O₄ Nanosheets with Oxygen Vacancies and High Surface Area for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

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Chemical and structural origin of lattice oxygen oxidation in Co–Zn oxyhydroxide oxygen evolution electrocatalysts

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Single platinum atoms immobilized on an MXene as an efficient catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction

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In-situ reconstructed Ru atom array on α-MnO2 with enhanced performance for acidic water oxidation

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Engineering the electronic structure of single atom Ru sites via compressive strain boosts acidic water oxidation electrocatalysis

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Environmental impact of renewable energy source based electrical power plants: Solar, wind, hydroelectric, biomass, geothermal, tidal, ocean, and osmotic

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Recent Advances in Noble Metal (Pt, Ru, and Ir)-Based Electrocatalysts for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

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Self‐Templating Synthesis of Hollow Co3O4 Microtube Arrays for Highly Efficient Water Electrolysis

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A General Route to Prepare Low‐Ruthenium‐Content Bimetallic Electrocatalysts for pH‐Universal Hydrogen Evolution Reaction by Using Carbon Quantum Dots

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Carbon‐Quantum‐Dots‐Loaded Ruthenium Nanoparticles as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Production in Alkaline Media

Li, W., Liu, Y., Wu, M., Feng, X., Redfern, S. A. T., Shang, Y., Yong, X., Feng, T., Wu, K., Liu, Z., et al. (2018) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201800676 · Cited by 642 · see citing works

Janus Co/CoP Nanoparticles as Efficient Mott–Schottky Electrocatalysts for Overall Water Splitting in Wide pH Range

Xue, Z., Su, H. L., Yu, Q., Zhang, B., Wang, H., Li, X., & Chen, J. (2017) · Advanced Energy Materials · doi:10.1002/aenm.201602355 · Cited by 613 · see citing works

RuO2 electronic structure and lattice strain dual engineering for enhanced acidic oxygen evolution reaction performance

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Stabilizing Highly Active Ru Sites by Suppressing Lattice Oxygen Participation in Acidic Water Oxidation

Wen, Y., Chen, P., Wang, L., Li, S., Wang, Z., Abed, J., Mao, X., Min, Y., Dinh, C., Luna, P. D., et al. (2021) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.1c00384 · Cited by 578 · see citing works

Necklace-like Multishelled Hollow Spinel Oxides with Oxygen Vacancies for Efficient Water Electrolysis

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Single Atom Ruthenium‐Doped CoP/CDs Nanosheets via Splicing of Carbon‐Dots for Robust Hydrogen Production

Song, H., Wu, M., Tang, Z., Tse, J. S., Yang, B. J., & Lu, S. (2021) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202017102 · Cited by 507 · see citing works

Interface engineering of (Ni, Fe)S2@MoS2 heterostructures for synergetic electrochemical water splitting

Liu, Y., Jiang, S., Li, S., Zhou, L., Li, Z., Li, J., & Shao, M. (2019) · Applied Catalysis B: Environmental · doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.01.094 · Cited by 501 · see citing works

Tuning of lattice oxygen reactivity and scaling relation to construct better oxygen evolution electrocatalyst

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Earth abundant materials beyond transition metal dichalcogenides: A focus on electrocatalyzing hydrogen evolution reaction

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Exploiting Ru‐Induced Lattice Strain in CoRu Nanoalloys for Robust Bifunctional Hydrogen Production

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Rational strain engineering of single-atom ruthenium on nanoporous MoS2 for highly efficient hydrogen evolution

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Theory-oriented screening and discovery of advanced energy transformation materials in electrocatalysis

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Strain-engineered growth of two-dimensional materials

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An Unconventional Iron Nickel Catalyst for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Song, F., Busch, M. M., Lassalle‐Kaiser, B., Hsu, C., Petkucheva, E., Bensimon, M., Chen, H. M., Corminbœuf, C., & Hu, X. (2019) · ACS Central Science · doi:10.1021/acscentsci.9b00053 · Cited by 399 · see citing works

Atomic Iridium Incorporated in Cobalt Hydroxide for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Catalysis in Neutral Electrolyte

Zhang, Y., Wu, C., Jiang, H., Lin, Y., Liu, H., He, Q., Chen, S., Duan, T., & Song, L. (2018) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201707522 · Cited by 378 · see citing works

Cobalt Single Atom Incorporated in Ruthenium Oxide Sphere: A Robust Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for HER and OER

Shah, K., Dai, R., Mateen, M., Hassan, Z., Zhuang, Z., Liu, C., Israr, M., Cheong, W.-C. M., Hu, B., Tu, R., et al. (2021) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202114951 · Cited by 376 · see citing works

Single-site Pt-doped RuO 2 hollow nanospheres with interstitial C for high-performance acidic overall water splitting

Wang, J., Yang, H., Li, F., Li, L., Wu, J., Liu, S., Cheng, T., Xu, Y., Shao, Q., & Huang, X. (2022) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abl9271 · Cited by 339 · see citing works

An Ir/Ni(OH)₂ Heterostructured Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction: Breaking the Scaling Relation, Stabilizing Iridium(V), and Beyond

Zhao, G., Li, P., Cheng, N., Dou, S. X., & Sun, W. (2020) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202000872 · Cited by 333 · see citing works

Identifying Electrocatalytic Sites of the Nanoporous Copper–Ruthenium Alloy for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Electrolyte

Wu, Q., Luo, M., Han, J., Peng, W., Zhao, Y., Chen, D., Peng, M., Liu, J., de Groot, F. M. F., & Tan, Y. (2019) · ACS Energy Letters · doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.9b02374 · Cited by 324 · see citing works

Electrocatalytic Water Splitting: From Harsh and Mild Conditions to Natural Seawater

Xiao, X., Yang, L., Sun, W., Chen, Y., Yu, H. B., Li, K., Jia, B., Zhang, L., & Ma, T. (2021) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.202105830 · Cited by 321 · see citing works

Efficient FeCoNiCuPd thin-film electrocatalyst for alkaline oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions

Wang, S., Xu, B., Huo, W., Feng, H., Zhou, X., Fang, F., Xie, Z., Shang, J. K., & Jiang, J. (2022) · Applied Catalysis B: Environmental · doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2022.121472 · Cited by 321 · see citing works

S‐Doping Triggers Redox Reactivities of Both Iron and Lattice Oxygen in FeOOH for Low‐Cost and High‐Performance Water Oxidation

Chen, X. C., Wang, Q., Cheng, Y., Xing, H., Li, J., Zhu, X., Ma, L., Li, Y., & Liu, D. (2022) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202112674 · Cited by 317 · see citing works

Lattice Strain and Schottky Junction Dual Regulation Boosts Ultrafine Ruthenium Nanoparticles Anchored on a N-Modified Carbon Catalyst for H 2 Production

Jiang, Z., Song, S., Zheng, X., Liang, X., Li, Z., Gu, H., Li, Z., Wang, Y., Liu, S., Chen, W., et al. (2022) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.2c09613 · Cited by 302 · see citing works

Ru–Co Pair Sites Catalyst Boosts the Energetics for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

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Single‐atom catalysis for carbon neutrality

Wang, L., Wang, D. S., & Li, Y. (2022) · Carbon Energy · doi:10.1002/cey2.194 · Cited by 298 · see citing works

Enhanced Acidic Water Oxidation by Dynamic Migration of Oxygen Species at the Ir/Nb2O5−x Catalyst/Support Interfaces

Shi, Z., Li, J., Jiang, J., Wang, Y., Wang, X., Li, Y., Yang, L., Chu, Y., Bai, J., Yang, J., et al. (2022) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202212341 · Cited by 296 · see citing works

Single Iridium Atom Doped Ni 2 P Catalyst for Optimal Oxygen Evolution

Wang, Q., Zhang, Z., Cai, C., Wang, M., Zhao, Z. L., Li, M., Huang, X., Han, S., Zhou, H., Feng, Z., et al. (2021) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.1c04682 · Cited by 280 · see citing works

The Electronic Metal–Support Interaction Directing the Design of Single Atomic Site Catalysts: Achieving High Efficiency Towards Hydrogen Evolution

Yang, J., Li, W., Tan, S., Xu, K., Wang, Y., Wang, D. S., & Li, Y. (2021) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202107123 · Cited by 274 · see citing works

Lattice‐Matching Formed Mesoporous Transition Metal Oxide Heterostructures Advance Water Splitting by Active Fe–O–Cu Bridges

Hu, F., Yu, D., Ye, M., Wang, H., Hao, Y., Wang, L., Li, L., Han, X., & Peng, S. (2022) · Advanced Energy Materials · doi:10.1002/aenm.202200067 · Cited by 274 · see citing works

Long‐Range Interactions in Diatomic Catalysts Boosting Electrocatalysis

Li, W., Yang, J., & Wang, D. S. (2022) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202213318 · Cited by 272 · see citing works

Halogen‐Doped Carbon Dots on Amorphous Cobalt Phosphide as Robust Electrocatalysts for Overall Water Splitting

Song, H., Yu, J., Tang, Z., Yang, B. J., & Lu, S. (2022) · Advanced Energy Materials · doi:10.1002/aenm.202102573 · Cited by 271 · see citing works

In-plane strain engineering in ultrathin noble metal nanosheets boosts the intrinsic electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity

Wu, G., Han, X., Cai, J., Yin, P., Cui, P., Zheng, X., Li, H., Chen, C., Wang, G., & Hong, X. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-31971-4 · Cited by 271 · see citing works

Iron‐Doped Cobalt Monophosphide Nanosheet/Carbon Nanotube Hybrids as Active and Stable Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting

Zhang, X., Zhang, X., Xu, H., Wu, Z., Wang, H., & Liang, Y. (2017) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201606635 · Cited by 263 · see citing works

A perspective on the catalysis using the high entropy alloys

Katiyar, N. K., Biswas, K., Yeh, J., Sharma, S., & Tiwary, C. S. (2021) · Nano Energy · doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.106261 · Cited by 262 · see citing works

Engineering Lattice Oxygen Activation of Iridium Clusters Stabilized on Amorphous Bimetal Borides Array for Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Wang, C., Zhai, P., Xia, M., Wu, Y., Zhang, B., Li, Z., Ran, L., Gao, J., Zhang, X., Fan, Z., et al. (2021) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202112870 · Cited by 255 · see citing works

Designed controllable nitrogen-doped carbon-dots-loaded MoP nanoparticles for boosting hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline medium

Song, H., Li, Y., Shang, L., Tang, Z., Zhang, T., & Lu, S. (2020) · Nano Energy · doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.104730 · Cited by 247 · see citing works

Kilogram-scale synthesis of carbon quantum dots for hydrogen evolution, sensing and bioimaging

Li, W., Liu, Y., Wang, B., Song, H., Liu, Z., Lu, S., & Yang, B. J. (2019) · Chinese Chemical Letters · doi:10.1016/j.cclet.2019.06.040 · Cited by 240 · see citing works

Atomically Dispersed Mo Supported on Metallic Co9S8 Nanoflakes as an Advanced Noble‐Metal‐Free Bifunctional Water Splitting Catalyst Working in Universal pH Conditions

Wang, L., Duan, X., Liu, X., Gu, J. H., Si, R., Qiu, Y., Qiu, Y., Shi, D., Chen, F., Sun, X., et al. (2019) · Advanced Energy Materials · doi:10.1002/aenm.201903137 · Cited by 235 · see citing works

Safeguarding the RuO 2 phase against lattice oxygen oxidation during acidic water electrooxidation

Jin, H., Choi, S., Bang, G. J., Kwon, T., Kim, H. S., Lee, S. J., Hong, Y., Lee, D. W., Park, H. S., Baik, H., et al. (2021) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/d1ee02636d · Cited by 235 · see citing works

Te-mediated electro-driven oxygen evolution reaction

Gao, F., He, J., Wang, H., Lin, J., Chen, R., Yi, K., Huang, F. Y., Lin, Z., & Wang, M. (2022) · Nano Research Energy · doi:10.26599/nre.2022.9120029 · Cited by 233 · see citing works

Lattice‐Strain Engineering of Homogeneous NiS 0.5 Se 0.5 Core–Shell Nanostructure as a Highly Efficient and Robust Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting

Wang, Y., Li, X., Zhang, M., Zhou, Y., Rao, D., Zhong, C. M., Zhang, J., Han, X., Hu, W., Zhang, Y., et al. (2020) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202000231 · Cited by 232 · see citing works

Low-cost high entropy alloy (HEA) for high-efficiency oxygen evolution reaction (OER)

Sharma, L., Katiyar, N. K., Parui, A., Das, R., Kumar, R., Tiwary, C. S., Singh, A., Halder, A., & Biswas, K. (2021) · Nano Research · doi:10.1007/s12274-021-3802-4 · Cited by 228 · see citing works

Tuning the Electronic and Steric Interaction at the Atomic Interface for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution

Feng, C., Zhang, Z., Wang, D., Kong, Y., Wei, J., Wang, R., Ma, P., Li, H., Geng, Z., Zuo, M. J., et al. (2022) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.2c00533 · Cited by 213 · see citing works

Exceptionally active and stable RuO2 with interstitial carbon for water oxidation in acid

Wang, J., Cheng, C., Yuan, Q., Yang, H., Meng, F., Zhang, Q., Gu, L., Cao, J., Li, L., Haw, S., et al. (2022) · Chem · doi:10.1016/j.chempr.2022.02.003 · Cited by 209 · see citing works

Monolithic electrode integrated of ultrathin NiFeP on 3D strutted graphene for bifunctionally efficient overall water splitting

Li, R., Wang, B., Gao, T., Zhang, R., Xu, C., Jiang, X., Zeng, J., Bando, Y., Hu, P., Li, Y., et al. (2019) · Nano Energy · doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.02.024 · Cited by 201 · see citing works

3D Co 3 O 4 ‐RuO 2 Hollow Spheres with Abundant Interfaces as Advanced Trifunctional Electrocatalyst for Water‐Splitting and Flexible Zn–Air Battery

Gao, Y., Zheng, D., Li, Q., Xiao, W., Ma, T., Fu, Y., Wu, Z., & Wang, L. (2022) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202203206 · Cited by 189 · see citing works

Increasing Iridium Oxide Activity for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction with Hafnium Modification

Zhao, F., Wen, B., Niu, W., Chen, Z., Yan, C., Selloni, A., Tully, C. G., Yang, X., & Koel, B. E. (2021) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.1c03473 · Cited by 186 · see citing works

Constructing a Graphene-Encapsulated Amorphous/Crystalline Heterophase NiFe Alloy by Microwave Thermal Shock for Boosting the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Gong, Z., Liu, R., Gong, H., Ye, G., Liu, J., Dong, J., Liao, J., Yan, M., Liu, J., Huang, K., et al. (2021) · ACS Catalysis · doi:10.1021/acscatal.1c03333 · Cited by 173 · see citing works

Extreme Environmental Thermal Shock Induced Dislocation‐Rich Pt Nanoparticles Boosting Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Liu, S., Shen, Y., Zhang, Y., Cui, B., Xi, S., Zhang, J., Xu, L., Zhu, S., Chen, Y., Deng, Y., et al. (2021) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202106973 · Cited by 173 · see citing works

Bimetallic iron-iridium alloy nanoparticles supported on nickel foam as highly efficient and stable catalyst for overall water splitting at large current density

Shen, F., Wang, Y., Qian, G., Chen, W., Jiang, W., Luo, L., & Yin, S. (2020) · Applied Catalysis B: Environmental · doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2020.119327 · Cited by 171 · see citing works

Laser-assisted high-performance PtRu alloy for pH-universal hydrogen evolution

Pang, B., Liu, X., Liu, T., Chen, T., Shen, X., Zhang, W., Wang, S., Liu, T., Liu, D., Ding, T., et al. (2021) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/d1ee02518j · Cited by 164 · see citing works

Pulse electrodeposited FeCoNiMnW high entropy alloys as efficient and stable bifunctional electrocatalysts for acidic water splitting

Chang, S.-Q., Cheng, C., Cheng, P., Huang, C., & Lu, S. (2022) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2022.137452 · Cited by 164 · see citing works

Ultrafast fabrication of porous transition metal foams for efficient electrocatalytic water splitting

Zhou, J., Yu, L., Zhou, Q., Huang, C., Zhang, Y., Yu, B., & Yu, Y. (2021) · Applied Catalysis B: Environmental · doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2021.120002 · Cited by 163 · see citing works

Macroporous Array Induced Multiscale Modulation at the Surface/Interface of Co(OH) ₂ /NiMo Self‐Supporting Electrode for Effective Overall Water Splitting

Zhang, Q., Xiao, W., Guo, W. H., Yang, Y. X., Lei, J. L., Luo, H. Q., & Li, N. B. (2021) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202102117 · Cited by 162 · see citing works

Tuning Mass Transport in Electrocatalysis Down to Sub‐5 nm through Nanoscale Grade Separation

Liu, Z., Du, Y., Yu, R., Zheng, M., Hu, R., Wu, J., Xia, Y., Zhuang, Z., & Wang, D. (2023) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202212653 · Cited by 160 · see citing works

Highly active atomically dispersed platinum-based electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction achieved by defect anchoring strategy

Chen, Y., Ding, R. F., Li, J., & Liu, J. (2021) · Applied Catalysis B: Environmental · doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2021.120830 · Cited by 159 · see citing works

Carbon quantum dots enhanced the activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction in ruthenium-based electrocatalysts

Li, W., Wei, Z., Wang, B., Liu, Y., Song, H., Tang, Z., Yang, B. J., & Lu, S. (2019) · Materials Chemistry Frontiers · doi:10.1039/c9qm00618d · Cited by 156 · see citing works

Modulating the d-band centers by coordination environment regulation of single-atom Ni on porous carbon fibers for overall water splitting

Yu, J., Li, J., Xu, C., Li, Q., Liu, Q., Liu, J., Chen, R., Zhu, J., & Wang, J. (2022) · Nano Energy · doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2022.107266 · Cited by 154 · see citing works

Mesoporous nitrogen, sulfur co-doped carbon dots/CoS hybrid as an efficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution

Wang, L., Wu, X., Guo, S., Han, M., Zhou, Y., Sun, Y., Huang, H., Liu, Y., & Kang, Z. (2016) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/c6ta09580a · Cited by 153 · see citing works

Surface Evolution of PtCu Alloy Shell over Pd Nanocrystals Leads to Superior Hydrogen Evolution and Oxygen Reduction Reactions

Bao, M., Amiinu, I. S., Peng, T., Li, W., Liu, S., Wang, Z., Pu, Z., He, D., Xiong, Y., & Mu, S. C. (2018) · ACS Energy Letters · doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.8b00330 · Cited by 153 · see citing works

Direct Growth of Highly Strained Pt Islands on Branched Ni Nanoparticles for Improved Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Activity

Alinezhad, A., Gloag, L., Benedetti, T. M., Cheong, S., Webster, R. F., Roelsgaard, M., Iversen, B. B., Schuhmann, W. W., Gooding, J. J., & Tilley, R. D. (2019) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.9b07659 · Cited by 146 · see citing works

Carbon-Dot-Enhanced Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

Wu, H., Lu, S., & Yang, B. (2022) · Accounts of Materials Research · doi:10.1021/accountsmr.1c00194 · Cited by 143 · see citing works

NiCu alloys anchored defect-rich NiFe layered double-hydroxides as efficient electrocatalysts for overall water splitting

Su, H. L., Jiang, J., Li, N., Gao, Y., & Ge, L. (2022) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2022.137226 · Cited by 122 · see citing works

Widely tunable GaAs bandgap via strain engineering in core/shell nanowires with large lattice mismatch

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Cobalt-Ruthenium Nanoalloys Parceled in Porous Nitrogen-Doped Graphene as Highly Efficient Difunctional Catalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction and Hydrolysis of Ammonia Borane

Wei, Z., Liu, Y., Peng, Z., Song, H., Liu, Z., Liu, B., Li, B., Yang, B., & Lu, S. (2019) · ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b06745 · Cited by 117 · see citing works

The Role of Phosphate Group in Doped Cobalt Molybdate: Improved Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Performance

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N-doped carbon dots coupled NiFe-LDH hybrids for robust electrocatalytic alkaline water and seawater oxidation

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Rational Design of Better Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting: A Review

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