Brain volume abnormalities and neurocognitive deficits in diabetes mellitus: Points of pathophysiological commonality with mood disorders?
Abstract
Background It is hypothesized that diabetes mellitus (DM) and mood disorders share points of pathophysiological commonality in the central nervous system.Methods A PubMed search of all English-language articles published between 1966 and March 2009 was performed with the following search terms: depression, mood disorders, hippocampus, amygdala, central nervous system, brain, neuroimaging, volumetric, morphometric, and neurocognitive deficits, cross-referenced with DM. Articles selected for review were based on adequacy of sample size, the use of standardized experimental procedures, validated assessment measures, and overall manuscript quality. The primary author was principally responsible for adjudicating the merit of articles that were included.Results Volumetric studies indicate that individuals with Type 1/2 DM exhibit regional abnormalities in both cortical and subcortical (e.g., hippocampus, amygdala) brain structures. The pattern of neurocognitive deficits documented in individuals with Type 1 DM overlap with Type 2 populations, with suggestions of discrete abnormalities unique to each phenotype. The pattern of volumetric and neurocognitive deficits in diabetic populations are highly similar to that reported in populations of individuals with major depressive disorder.Conclusion The prevailing models of disease pathophysiology in DM and major depressive disorder are distinct. Notwithstanding, the common abnormalities observed in disparate effector systems (e.g., insulin resistance, immunoinflammatory activation) as well as brain volume and neurocognitive performance provide the nexus for hypothesizing that both conditions are subserved by overlapping pathophysiology. This conception provides a novel framework for disease modeling and treatment development in mood disorder.
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Common abnormalities in insulin resistance, brain volume, and neurocognitive performance in diabetes and mental illness support the hypothesis that these conditions have overlapping pathophysiology.
“While the main models of disease pathophysiology in diabetes and mental illness are separate, common abnormalities in insulin resistance, brain volume, and neurocognitive performance in both conditions support the hypothesis that these conditions have overlapping pathophysiology.12”
From Food and mood: How do diet and nutrition affect mental wellbeing? (2020) · cites this paper as [12]
The consumption of high-GI diets could lead to insulin resistance, which has been associated with volumetric and neurocognitive deficits similar to those in major depression.
“The consumption of high-GI diets could also lead to insulin resistance (33), which has been associated with a pattern of volumetric and neurocognitive deficits that are highly similar to those reported in individuals suffering from major depression (34).”
From High glycemic index diet as a risk factor for depression: analyses from the Women’s Health Initiative (2015) · cites this paper as [34]
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- Authors
- McIntyre, R. S., Kenna, H. A., Nguyen, H. T., Law, C. W. Y., Sultan, F., Woldeyohannes, H. O., Alsuwaidan, M. T., Soczynska, J. K., Adams, A. K., Cheng, J. S. H., Lourenco, M., Kennedy, S. H., & Rasgon, N. L.
- Affiliations
- University Health Network (CA)
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- McIntyre, Roger S.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Advances in Therapy
- Published
- 2010-02
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 63-80
- ISSN
- 0741-238X (ISSN-L)
- 1865-8652
- OpenAlex
- W2076727357
- Cited by
- 83
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 1.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Advances in Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- diabetes mellitus, mood disorders, depression, neurocognitive impairment, hippocampus, amygdala, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, major depressive disorder, insulin resistance, neuroinflammation, shared pathophysiology
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Brain, Brain Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Hyperglycemia, Hypoglycemia, Hypoglycemic Agents, Mood Disorders
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