Interventions to promote physical activity in young people conducted in the hours immediately after school: a systematic review
Abstract
Background After school is a critical period in the physical activity and sedentary behaviour patterns of young people. Interventions to promote physical activity during these hours should be informed by existing evidence.Purpose The present study provides a systematic review of interventions to promote physical activity in young people conducted in the hours immediately after school.Methods The review was conducted in accordance with guidelines from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Studies were located through searches of electronic databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO and ERIC. For included studies, data were extracted and methodological quality assessed using standardised forms.Results Ten papers, reporting nine studies, met inclusion criteria. Three studies reported positive changes in physical activity and six indicated no change. Evidence suggests that single-behaviour interventions may be most effective during these hours.Conclusion Limitations in study design, lack of statistical power and problems with implementation have likely hindered the effectiveness of interventions in the after-school setting to date. Further work is required to develop interventions during this critical period of the day.
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After-school programs focused on physical activity and/or sports are effective.
“After-school programs focused on PA and/or sports are also effective (15, 70, 80, 81).”
From How can physical activity be promoted among children and adolescents? A systematic review of reviews across settings (2019) · cites this paper as [80]
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da Costa, R. M., Lopes, M. V. V., da Costa, B. G. G., Malheiros, L. E. A., dos Santos, P. C., Arundell, L., & da Silva, K. S. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-25314-3 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Evaluation of a Gamified Physical Activity Intervention Targeting School-Children
Lambe, B., Kuczynska, A., & Murphy, N. M. (2022) · Advances in Physical Education · doi:10.4236/ape.2022.123023 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Classroom Exercise Breaks and Educational Outcomes in Elementary School Students
Howie, E. K. (2013) · Scholar Commons (University of South Carolina) · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Across the Lifespan
Salmon, J. (2011) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-011-9176-3 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Martin, J. J., Byrd, B., Garn, A. C., McCaughtry, N., Kulik, N. L., & Centeio, E. E. (2016) · The Urban Review · doi:10.1007/s11256-016-0360-2 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
La disposición hacia la actividad física y deportiva: narrativas de los adolescentes escolarizados
Ramos, M. A. Á., Ruiz, M. Á. M., & Merma-Molina, G. (2017) · Sportis Scientific Journal of School Sport Physical Education and Psychomotricity · doi:10.17979/sportis.2017.3.3.1881 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Online social networks and Saudi youth participation in physical activity
Baker, R. (2016) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Simonsen, C. B., Egilstrøð, B., Overgaard, C., & Agergaard, S. (2024) · Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/casp.2771 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Physical Activity 3 Evidence-based intervention in physical activity: lessons from around the world
Heath, G. W., Parra, D. C., Sarmiento, O. L., Andersen, L. B., Owen, N. G., Goenka, S., Montes, F., & Brownson, R. C. (2012) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
From the sports hall into the classroom: Learning life skills through sport
Allen, G. (2013) · Brunel University Research Archive (BURA) (Brunel University London) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Forrest, A., Buchan, D. S., Sculthorpe, N. F., Hayes, L. D., & Robinson, S. (2025) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-025-00898-7 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Murtagh, E., Mulhare, B., Woods, C. B., Corr, M., & Belton, S. (2021) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/cyab036 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Schultz, D. J., Hatfield, D. P., & Economos, C. D. (2019) · Journal of Physical Education Recreation & Dance · doi:10.1080/07303084.2018.1546631 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
A sociology of physical activity and health for young people
Wiltshire, G. (2014) · Loughborough University Research Repository (Loughborough University) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Taylor, E. L. (2014) · KU ScholarWorks (The University of Kansas)
Healthy After-School Child Care
MacFarlane, K. (2015) · UVic’s Research and Learning Repository (University of Victoria)
Burrows, E. J. (2013) · Library and Archives Canada (Government of Canada)
Before- and After-School Interventions in Youth Physical Activity
Belton, S., & O’Brien, W. (2020) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003026426-40
Sports medicine in disabilities
Ripari, P., Giacinto, G. D., di Sante, G., & Barassi, G. (2021) · Journal of Advanced Health Care · doi:10.36017/jahc2105-007
Malkin, J. D., Alqunaibet, A., Albreht, T., Finkelstein, E. A., Rakić, S., & El-Saharty, S. (2021) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1717-5_ch7
da Costa, R. M., Lopes, M. V. V., da Costa, B. G. G., Malheiros, L. E. A., dos Santos, P. C., Arundell, L., & da Silva, K. S. (2023) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/mhr69
Los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible en el proyecto final de estudios de ciencias del deporte
Ramos, M. A. Á., Benítez, J. E. M., Ruiz, M. Á. M., & Martínez, L. A. S. (2023) · Apuntes de economía y sociedad · doi:10.5377/aes.v4i2.16539
de Diego, F. E. L., Arribas, J. C. M., & Brunicardi, D. P. (2025) · Leisure Studies · doi:10.1080/02614367.2025.2490544
Long, W., Zheng, B., Wu, Z., Qian, H., Zou, Y., Tan, J., & Wang, Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1807576
Moore, T. C. (2014) · UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona)
- Authors
- Atkin, A. J., Gorely, T., Biddle, S. J. H., Cavill, N., & Foster, C.
- Affiliations
- Loughborough University (GB)
- British Heart Foundation (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Gorely, Trish
- Venue
- International Journal of Behavioral Medicine
- Published
- 2010-07-25
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 176-187
- ISSN
- 1070-5503 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-7558
- OpenAlex
- W2122077398
- Cited by
- 91
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 0.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- International Journal of Behavioral Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Victoria University Research Repository (Victoria University) (submittedVersion)
- UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- British Heart Foundation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Youth Development and Social Support
- Keywords
- physical activity promotion, youth, sedentary behavior, school-based intervention, intervention effectiveness
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Child, Health Promotion, Humans, Life Style, Motor Activity, Schools, Exercise
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