Promoting physical activity participation among children and adolescents

Salmon, J.; Booth, M. L.; Phongsavan, P.; Murphy, N.; Timperio, A.

doi:10.1093/epirev/mxm010

Cited by 404Physical Activity and HealthObesity, Physical Activity, DietSchool Health and Nursing Education

Promoting physical activity participation among children and adolescents

Salmon, J., Booth, M. L., Phongsavan, P., Murphy, N., Timperio, A.·2007·Epidemiologic Reviews

DOI 10.1093/epirev/mxm010

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Abstract

With global increases in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents, there has never been a more urgent need for effective physical activity programs. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the evidence of the effectiveness of interventions that report physical activity outcomes in children aged 4-12 years and adolescents aged 13-19 years. A systematic search of electronic databases identified 76 interventions. Most interventions were delivered via the school setting (57 interventions), nine through the family setting, six via primary care, and four in community- or Internet-based settings. Children's physical activity interventions that were most effective in the school setting included some focus on physical education, activity breaks, and family strategies. Interventions delivered in the family setting were not highly effective, but many were pilot studies. The use of motivationally tailored strategies and program delivery in the primary care setting showed promise among adolescents. Many studies had methodological and reporting flaws (e.g., no baseline data, poor study design, physical activity measures of unknown reliability and validity, and poor reporting of sample size, response rates, attrition/retention, compliance, year of intervention, and duration of intervention). Publications reporting the results of evaluations of intervention studies should follow the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials guidelines or, for nonrandomized studies, should follow the Transparent Reporting of Evaluations with Nonrandomized Designs guidelines. Further evidence of the effectiveness of interventions promoting young people's physical activity in family and community settings is needed.

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Multi-component interventions are more effective than single-component interventions in the school setting.
“While multi-component interventions are more effective than single-component interventions (14, 70) they do not seem to produce synergistic results (63, 71).”
From How can physical activity be promoted among children and adolescents? A systematic review of reviews across settings (2019) · cites this paper as [70]
Numerous reviews reported positive effects when involving families in school-based interventions.
“Numerous reviews reported positive effects when involving parents (63, 66, 71, 74, 84, 85) and families (14, 65, 70) in school-based interventions.”
From How can physical activity be promoted among children and adolescents? A systematic review of reviews across settings (2019) · cites this paper as [70]
Activity breaks are an effective strategy to promote physical activity in the school setting.
“Activity breaks—the integration of short bouts of PA into organisational routine—is another effective strategy to promote PA in the school setting (15, 70, 79), and has demonstrated “modest but consistent benefits” (79).”
From How can physical activity be promoted among children and adolescents? A systematic review of reviews across settings (2019) · cites this paper as [70]
After-school programs focused on physical activity and/or sports are effective.
“After-school programs focused on PA and/or sports are also effective (15, 70, 80, 81).”
From How can physical activity be promoted among children and adolescents? A systematic review of reviews across settings (2019) · cites this paper as [70]
Community involvement was linked with positive outcomes in school-based interventions.
“Community involvement was linked with positive outcomes in two reviews (65, 70).”
From How can physical activity be promoted among children and adolescents? A systematic review of reviews across settings (2019) · cites this paper as [70]

One review stated that school-based interventions employing a community component were ineffective.
“Surprisingly, one review stated that school-based interventions employing a community component were ineffective (70).”
From How can physical activity be promoted among children and adolescents? A systematic review of reviews across settings (2019) · cites this paper as [70]
There is a lack of knowledge regarding interventions outside of the school setting.
“Interventions in the settings of family and childcare were only investigated in a limited number of reviews—even though there is a lack of knowledge regarding interventions outside of the school setting (70).”
From How can physical activity be promoted among children and adolescents? A systematic review of reviews across settings (2019) · cites this paper as [70]
Existing reviews of physical activity interventions in school settings have examined evidence across childhood and adolescence or focused exclusively on adolescents.
“existing reviews of PA interventions in school settings have examined evidence across childhood and adolescence16, 28, 29, 32, 34 or focused exclusively on adolescents.17, 18, 19, 20,30, 31”
From A mixed-studies systematic review and meta-analysis of school-based interventions to promote physical activity and/or reduce sedentary time in children (2020) · cites this paper as [28]
A number of existing systematic reviews of school-based PA interventions, as well as Beets et al., highlighted the potential risk that the intervention might increase PA during actual intervention delivery but result in a compensatory decline elsewhere during the day.
“A number of existing systematic reviews of school-based PA interventions,28, 104 as well as Beets et al.,37 highlighted the potential risk that the intervention might increase PA during actual intervention delivery but result in a compensatory decline elsewhere during the day.”
From A mixed-studies systematic review and meta-analysis of school-based interventions to promote physical activity and/or reduce sedentary time in children (2020) · cites this paper as [28]

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Effect of school-based interventions on physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents: a review of reviews and systematic update
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Do School-Based Interventions Focusing on Physical Activity, Fitness, or Fundamental Movement Skill Competency Produce a Sustained Impact in These Outcomes in Children and Adolescents? A Systematic Review of Follow-Up Studies
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“Specifically, Salmon et al.(28) found that 12 of 18 studies (67%) with objective measures of PA reported a positive effect in children, and Timperio et al.”
Background
An internet-based virtual coach to promote physical activity adherence in overweight adults: randomized controlled trial
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Self-citation
Moving Beyond the Stigma: Systematic Review of Video Games and Their Potential to Combat Obesity
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Perception Versus Reality
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Authors: Salmon, J., Booth, M. L., Phongsavan, P., Murphy, N., & Timperio, A.
Affiliations: Deakin University (AU)
The University of Sydney (AU)
Waterford Institute of Technology (IE)
ORCID: Salmon, J.
Phongsavan, P.
Murphy, N.
Timperio, A.
Venue: Epidemiologic Reviews
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2007-05-02
Volume: 29
Issue: 1
Pages: 144-159
ISSN: 0193-936X (ISSN-L)
1478-6729
DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxm010
OpenAlex: W2134208161
Semantic Scholar: 29fd6787ca0107695f65d9aa59a02d6aadced725
Cited by: 402
References: 129
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 37
FWCI: 2.30
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Epidemiologic Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
SETU Waterford Libraries - Open Access Repository (acceptedVersion)
Own your potential (DEAKIN) (submittedVersion)
HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › School Health and Nursing Education
Keywords: physical activity promotion, children, adolescents, school-based intervention, family intervention, primary care intervention, physical education, active breaks, childhood obesity, overweight, intervention effectiveness, reporting quality, CONSORT
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Child, Health Education, Health Promotion, Humans, Obesity, School Health Services, Exercise

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Promoting physical activity participation among children and adolescents

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