Effect on physical activity of a randomized afterschool intervention for inner city children in 3rd to 5th grade
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Less than 45% of U.S. children meet the 60 min·d(-1) physical activity (PA) guideline. Structured after-school PA programing is one approach to help increase activity levels. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and short-term impact of a supervised after-school PA and nutrition education program on activity levels. METHODS: Forty-two 3rd-5th graders from an inner-city school in Boston, MA were randomly assigned to a 10-wk after-school program of either: 1) weekly nutrition education, or 2) weekly nutrition education plus supervised PA 3 d·wk(-1) at a community-based center. At baseline and follow-up, PA was measured using accelerometry and fitness (VO2max) was estimated using the PACER 15-m shuttle run. Additional measures obtained were non-fasting finger stick total cholesterol (TC) and glucose levels, waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), percent body fat (%BF), and blood pressure (BP). Values are presented as mean±SE, unless noted otherwise. RESULTS: Thirty-six participants completed the study (mean±SD; age 9.7±0.9 years). Participants attended >80% of the sessions. After adjusting for accelerometer wear time and other design factors, light and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) increased in the nutrition+PA group (+21.5±14.5 and +8.6±8.0 min·d(-1), respectively) and decreased in the nutrition only group (-35.2±16.3 and -16.0±9.0 min·d(-1), respectively); mean difference between groups of 56.8±21.7 min·d(-1) (light PA, p = 0.01) and 24.5±12.0 min·d(-1) (MVPA, p = 0.04). Time spent in sedentary behaviors declined in the nutrition+PA group (-14.8±20.7 min·d(-1)) and increased in the nutrition only group (+55.4±23.2 min·d(-1)); mean difference between groups of -70.2±30.9 min·d(-1) (p = 0.02). Neither group showed changes in TC, BP, WC, %BF, BMI percentile, or fitness (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The supervised afterschool community-based nutrition and PA program was well accepted and had high attendance. The changes in light PA and MVPA has potential to promote weight maintenance in inner-city elementary school children, however longer term studies with larger samples are needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01104038.
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5 RCTs and 2 NR studies reported that the significant effect of the intervention was aligned with preventing, or at least reducing, the decline in physical activity observed in control conditions over time, rather than significantly increasing physical activity in intervention conditions per se.
“In fact, 5 RCTs and 2 NR studies reported that the significant effect of the intervention was aligned with preventing, or at least reducing, the decline in PA observed in control conditions over time, rather than significantly increasing PA in intervention conditions per se.55, 58, 66, 70, 73, 81, 82”
From A mixed-studies systematic review and meta-analysis of school-based interventions to promote physical activity and/or reduce sedentary time in children (2020) · cites this paper as [58]
Of the 3 studies reporting expansion of after-school physical activity, only one had >250 participants, and although 1 study reported more than 80% attendance, the other 2 studies did not report attendance rates.
“Indeed, of the 3 studies reporting expansion of after-school PA, only one had >250 participants,48 and although 1 study reported more than 80% attendance,58 the other 2 studies did not report attendance rates.58, 103”
From A mixed-studies systematic review and meta-analysis of school-based interventions to promote physical activity and/or reduce sedentary time in children (2020) · cites this paper as [58]
The intervention duration of these studies was variable, with 4 studies lasting 4-10 weeks, others implemented over a longer duration (e.g., 10 months, 1 year, or 2 years).
“Whilst the intervention duration of these studies was variable, with 4 studies lasting 4–10 weeks,55, 58, 66 others were implemented over a longer duration, for example, 10 months,73 1 year,81 or 2 years.70”
From A mixed-studies systematic review and meta-analysis of school-based interventions to promote physical activity and/or reduce sedentary time in children (2020) · cites this paper as [58]
Some included interventions specifically sought to prevent or reduce the decline in PA observed in control conditions over time, as opposed to significantly increasing PA in intervention conditions.
“some interventions specifically sought to prevent or reduce the decline in PA observed in control conditions over time, as opposed to significantly increasing PA in intervention conditions”
From A mixed-studies systematic review and meta-analysis of school-based interventions to promote physical activity and/or reduce sedentary time in children (2020) · cites this paper as [58]
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“From a methodological perspective, it is important that future intervention studies incorporate a control group to account for age- or time-related changes, not least because some interventions specifically sought to prevent or reduce the decline in PA observed in control conditions over time, as opposed to significan…”
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- Authors
- Crouter, S. E., de Ferranti, S. D., Whiteley, J., Steltz, S. K., Osganian, S. K., Feldman, H. A., & Hayman, L. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Tennessee at Knoxville (US)
- University of Massachusetts Boston (US)
- Boston Children's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Crouter, Scott E.
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2015-10-28
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- e0141584
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4624808
- OpenAlex
- W1854350564
- Cited by
- 25
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 4 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 1.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Harvard Catalyst (UL1-RR025758)
- University of Massachusetts Boston
- National Institutes of Health
- National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR025758)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Youth Development and Social Support
- Keywords
- after-school physical activity, after-school intervention, nutrition education, children, inner-city children, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, sedentary behavior, physical fitness, VO2max, blood pressure, body mass index, cholesterol, blood glucose, waist circumference, fat mass, school health promotion, feasibility, Boston, elementary school students
- MeSH terms
- Child, Cities, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Physical Fitness, Pilot Projects, Risk Factors, Students, Exercise, Sedentary Behavior, Self Report
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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