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A Randomised Controlled Trial of a Brief Online Mindfulness-Based Intervention in a Non-clinical Population: Replication and Extension
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Building on previous research, this study compared the effects of two brief, online mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs; with and without formal meditation practice) and a no intervention control group in a non-clinical sample. One hundred and fifty-five university staff and students were randomly allocated to a 2-week, self-guided, online MBI with or without mindfulness meditation practice, or a wait list control. Measures of mindfulness, perceived stress, perseverative thinking and anxiety/depression symptoms within were administered before and after the intervention period. Intention to treat analysis identified significant differences between groups on change over time for all measured outcomes. Participation in the MBIs was associated with significant improvements in all measured domains (all p s < 0.05), with effect sizes in the small to medium range (0.25 to 0.37, 95% CIs 0.11 to 0.56). No significant changes on these measures were found for the control group. Change in perseverative thinking was found to mediate the relationship between condition and improvement on perceived stress and anxiety/depression symptom outcomes. Contrary to our hypotheses, no differences between the intervention conditions were found. Limitations of the study included reliance on self-report data, a relatively high attrition rate and absence of a longer-term follow-up. This study provides evidence in support of the feasibility and effectiveness of brief, self-guided MBIs in a non-clinical population and suggests that reduced perseverative thinking may be a mechanism of change. Our findings provide preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of a mindfulness psychoeducation condition, without an invitation to formal mindfulness meditation practice. Further research is needed to confirm and better understand these results and to test the potential of such interventions.
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“studies solely including patients with psoriasis showed positive effects of a MBI on skin-related parameters, such as the severity of psoriasis (18–20) and the rate of skin clearing during phototherapy (21).”
From Effects of a Brief Mindfulness-based Intervention in Patients with Psoriasis: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2024) · cites this paper as [18]
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“Extensive mindfulness-based interventions have been shown to have positive effects in patients with psoriasis.”
From Effects of a Brief Mindfulness-based Intervention in Patients with Psoriasis: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2024) · cites this paper as [18]
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“Extensive mindfulness-based interventions have been shown to have positive effects in patients with psoriasis.”
From Effects of a Brief Mindfulness-based Intervention in Patients with Psoriasis: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2024) · cites this paper as [19]
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“Some studies also revealed positive effects on psychological outcome parameters (e.g. anxiety, depression or quality of life) (18, 19), while others did not (21, 22).”
From Effects of a Brief Mindfulness-based Intervention in Patients with Psoriasis: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2024) · cites this paper as [19]
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“Some studies also revealed positive effects on psychological outcome parameters (e.g. anxiety, depression or quality of life) (18, 19), while others did not (21, 22).”
From Effects of a Brief Mindfulness-based Intervention in Patients with Psoriasis: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2024) · cites this paper as [18]
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“By promoting acceptance, non-reactivity, and present-moment awareness, mindfulness techniques offer a comprehensive framework for addressing the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral aspects of social anxiety(10) .”
From Mindful Steps Forward: Exploring the Impact of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention on Social Anxiety (2024) · cites this paper as [10]
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“Many mindfulness studies so far have suffered from samples of limited generalizability. Participants were frequently recruited at only one university or from one study course [30, 34, 101, 102].”
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“studies solely including patients with psoriasis showed positive effects of a MBI on skin-related parameters, such as the severity of psoriasis (18–20) and the rate of skin clearing during phototherapy (21).”
From Effects of a Brief Mindfulness-based Intervention in Patients with Psoriasis: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2024) · cites this paper as [19]
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Feasibility of an Online Mindfulness Program for Stress Management—A Randomized, Controlled Trial
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“This summary data and those from the current study are more in line with the relatively high attrition rates found for other self-guided internet interventions (Christensen et al. 2009; Waller and Gilbody 2009).”
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Self-citation(Inter)personal Computing: The Role of the Therapeutic Relationship in E-mental Health
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Self-citationChanges in Mindfulness Following a Mindfulness Telehealth Intervention
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Self-citationStrauss, C., Luke, G., Hayward, M., & Jones, F. W. (2014) · The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist · doi:10.1017/s1754470x14000312 · Cited by 7
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Muthén, B., & Muthén, L. (1998-2012). Mplus User’s Guide (7th ed.). Los Angeles: Muthén and Muthén.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Champion, L., Economides, M., & Chandler, C. (2018) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0209482 · Cited by 225
“This is consistent with other recent studies in healthy participants showing improvements in stress, affect and irritability [19], and symptoms of anxiety/depression [57], following online MM interventions as short as just two weeks.”
ResultSommers-Spijkerman, M., Austin, J., Bohlmeijer, E., & Pots, W. (2021) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/28168 · Cited by 179
“Population, intervention, and methodological characteristics (Multimedia Appendix 1; Gao et al, unpublished data, 2021; [32-125]) as well as effect size data were extracted from the full-text papers by 3 raters (ie, MSS, JA, and WP) independently.”
BackgroundMethodWalsh, K. M., Saab, B. J., & Farb, N. A. (2019) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/10844 · Cited by 123
Taylor, H., Strauss, C., & Cavanagh, K. (2021) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102078 · Cited by 102
Self-citationMatis, J., Svetlak, M., Slezackova, A., Svoboda, M., & Šumec, R. (2020) · doi:10.2196/preprints.20709 · Cited by 81
Metadata
- Authors
- Cavanagh, K., Churchard, A., O’Hanlon, P., Mundy, T., Votolato, P., Jones, F., Gu, J., & Strauss, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Sussex (GB)
- Canterbury Christ Church University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Cavanagh, Kate
- Venue
- Mindfulness
- Published
- 2018-01-16
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1191-1205
- ISSN
- 1868-8527 (ISSN-L)
- 1868-8535
- PMC
- PMC6061247
- OpenAlex
- W2783009920
- Cited by
- 120
- References
- 83
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 5
- FWCI
- 13.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Mindfulness (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Create (Canterbury Christ Church University) (acceptedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Economic and Social Research Council (es/j500173/1)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Keywords
- mindfulness-based interventions, online intervention, self-guided intervention, mindfulness meditation, perseverative thinking, perceived stress, anxiety, depression, university students, university employees, non-clinical population, psychoeducation, mechanisms of change, replication
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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