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The Process of Science: A Critical Evaluation of more than 15 Years of Research on Self-Compassion with the Self-Compassion Scale
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Objectives: Falsification is regarded as a cornerstone of science. Anomalous data—even when highly credible—do not always lead to an adjustment of theory. In this paper, we discuss reasons for why current theories are not modified despite a corpus of work falsifying (parts of) the theory, using the case of self-compassion as an example. During more than 15 years, this psychological construct has been heralded as a protective factor against stress and emotional adversity. Methods: A search in the Web of Science database using [SELF-COMPASSION in title] as the search term was conducted and found empirical papers were critically evaluated. Results: Good evidence abounds indicating that the theoretical definition of self-compassion is limited and that as a consequence its proper assessment with the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) is obscured as the measure is contaminated by psychopathological characteristics. Surprisingly, few researchers take these critical notes into account when conducting and reporting new studies on this topic. We argue that this might be due to all kinds of (conscious and unconscious) tendencies and cognitive biases of researchers and clinicians. Conclusion: Research lines are not always guided by solid data but strongly determined by social factors. We close by providing a recommendation for researchers regarding the assessment of self-compassion including the continued use of the SCS.
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“skala ta jest jednak krytykowana, amożliwość generalizacji uzyskanej przez Neff struktury podawana jest wwątpliwość [25-27].”
From The Polish adaptation of the Self-Compassion Scale Short Form (2024) · cites this paper as [27]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Muris, P., & Otgaar, H.
- Affiliations
- Stellenbosch University (ZA)
- Maastricht University (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Muris, Peter
- Venue
- Mindfulness
- Published
- 2020-04-07
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1469-1482
- ISSN
- 1868-8527 (ISSN-L)
- 1868-8535
- OpenAlex
- W3015412611
- Cited by
- 162
- References
- 112
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 9
- FWCI
- 8.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Mindfulness (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Lirias (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University) (submittedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Maastricht University
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Psychology Research and Bibliometrics
- Keywords
- self-compassion, Self-Compassion Scale, falsification, theory revision, measurement contamination, psychopathology, construct definition
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