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Cited by 22Exercise and Physiological ResponsesBotanical Research and ApplicationsBiochemical effects in animals

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Betalains Alleviate Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Fatigue and Improve Sports Performance: an Update on Recent Advancement

Nirmal, Siriwan, Olatunde, Oladipupo Odunayo, Medhe, Seema, Vitti, Steven, Khemtong, Chutimon, Nirmal, Nilesh Prakash·2023·Current Nutrition Reports
DOI 10.1007/s13668-023-00500-0
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Abstract

Purpose of review Beetroot juice is a popular natural food supplement commonly consumed for its health and ergogenic benefits. It contains an abundance of phytochemical compounds, which have been shown to enhance sports endurance and recovery. Among them, nitrate is well-studied and known for improving performance during exercise. On the other hand, betalains, the bioactive pigment, have shown various biological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-hypertensive, which may improve exercise performance and post-exercise recovery. Additionally, free radical scavenging activities of betalains could increase nitric oxide availability in the blood, thereby improving blood flow and oxygen supply during strenuous exercise. This review article provides a critical discussion of the non-pathological conditions induced by prolonged or strenuous exercise and betalains' potential in reducing such conditions including muscle damage, inflammation, and fatigue. Additionally, the real-time application of betalains as an ergogenic compound in competitive athletes has been discussed. Finally, future directions and conclusions on the potential of betalains as a natural ergogenic aid in sport endurance are outlined. Recent findings Betalains in beetroot are the major water-soluble nitrogen-containing pigment possessing high antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fatigue activities. Betalain supplementation could alleviate exercise-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and fatigue in competitive athletes. Betalains have the potential to become a natural ergogenic aid or nutraceutical compound for sports people during exercise and competitive performance.

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Metadata

Authors
Nirmal, S., Olatunde, O. O., Medhe, S., Vitti, S., Khemtong, C., & Nirmal, N. P.
Affiliations
  • Burapha University (TH)
  • University of Manitoba (CA)
  • Mahidol University (TH)
  • Drexel University (US)
Corresponding author
Nirmal, Nilesh Prakash
ORCID
Venue
Current Nutrition Reports
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2023-10-12
Volume
12
Issue
4
Pages
778-787
ISSN
2161-3311 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1007/s13668-023-00500-0
OpenAlex
W4387563232
Cited by
22
References
6
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 4
FWCI
0.75
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • Current Nutrition Reports (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Exercise and Physiological Responses
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Botanical Research and Applications
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Biochemical effects in animals
Keywords
betalains, beetroot juice, exercise-induced oxidative stress, exercise-induced inflammation, exercise fatigue, muscle damage, ergogenic aids, athletic performance, nitric oxide, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory activity, post-exercise recovery, nutraceuticals
MeSH terms
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Antioxidants, Fatigue, Humans, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Betalains

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