Effects of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Cardiorespiratory Endurance in Athletes. A Systematic Review
Open accessAbstract
Athletes use nutritional supplementation to enhance the effects of training and achieve improvements in their athletic performance. Beetroot juice increases levels of nitric oxide (NO), which serves multiple functions related to increased blood flow, gas exchange, mitochondrial biogenesis and efficiency, and strengthening of muscle contraction. These biomarker improvements indicate that supplementation with beetroot juice could have ergogenic effects on cardiorespiratory endurance that would benefit athletic performance. The aim of this literature review was to determine the effects of beetroot juice supplementation and the combination of beetroot juice with other supplements on cardiorespiratory endurance in athletes. A keyword search of DialNet, MedLine, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases covered publications from 2010 to 2016. After excluding reviews/meta-analyses, animal studies, inaccessible full-text, and studies that did not supplement with beetroot juice and adequately assess cardiorespiratory endurance, 23 articles were selected for analysis. The available results suggest that supplementation with beetroot juice can improve cardiorespiratory endurance in athletes by increasing efficiency, which improves performance at various distances, increases time to exhaustion at submaximal intensities, and may improve the cardiorespiratory performance at anaerobic threshold intensities and maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max). Although the literature shows contradictory data, the findings of other studies lead us to hypothesize that supplementing with beetroot juice could mitigate the ergolytic effects of hypoxia on cardiorespiratory endurance in athletes. It cannot be stated that the combination of beetroot juice with other supplements has a positive or negative effect on cardiorespiratory endurance, but it is possible that the effects of supplementation with beetroot juice can be undermined by interaction with other supplements such as caffeine.
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Recent systematic reviews support NO3− supplementation efficacy as an ergogenic aid during continuous endurance-type exercise and high-intensity intermittent-type exercise.
“Although an ergogenic effect of NO3− supplementation appears less likely in endurance-trained individuals, i.e., [65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74], recent systematic reviews support its efficacy as an ergogenic aid during continuous endurance-type exercise [75,76,77] and high-intensity intermittent-type exercise [78].”
From Effects of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Weightlifting Exercise Performance in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review (2020) · cites this paper as [75]
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- Authors
- Domínguez, R., Cuenca, E., Maté-Muñoz, J., García-Fernández, P., Serra-Paya, N., Estevan, M., Herreros, P., & Garnacho-Castaño, M.
- Affiliations
- Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio (ES)
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (ES)
- College of Health Sciences, University Alfonso X El Sabio University, Madrid 29651, Spain
- Tecnocampus, College of Health Sciences, University of Pompeu Fabra, Mataró-Maresme, Barcelona 08302 Spain
- Venue
- Nutrients
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2017-01-06
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 43
- ISSN
- 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5295087
- OpenAlex
- W2570682411
- Cited by
- 227
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 5
- FWCI
- 3.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Informationszentrum Lebenswissenschaften (ZB MED) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Keywords
- beetroot juice, cardiorespiratory fitness, athletes, nitric oxide, ergogenic aids, time to exhaustion, VO2max, anaerobic threshold, hypoxia, caffeine, athletic performance
- MeSH terms
- Fruit and Vegetable Juices, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Humans, Oxygen Consumption, Physical Endurance, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Databases, Factual, Plant Roots, Beta vulgaris, Athletes, Performance-Enhancing Substances
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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