Treatments Administered to the First 9152 Reported Cases of COVID-19: A Systematic Review
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Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2/2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has created a global pandemic with no approved treatments or vaccines. Many treatments have already been administered to COVID-19 patients but have not been systematically evaluated. We performed a systematic literature review to identify all treatments reported to be administered to COVID-19 patients and to assess time to clinically meaningful response for treatments with sufficient data. We searched PubMed, BioRxiv, MedRxiv, and ChinaXiv for articles reporting treatments for COVID-19 patients published between 1 December 2019 and 27 March 2020. Data were analyzed descriptively. Of the 2706 articles identified, 155 studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 9152 patients. The cohort was 45.4% female and 98.3% hospitalized, and mean (SD) age was 44.4 years (SD 21.0). The most frequently administered drug classes were antivirals, antibiotics, and corticosteroids, and of the 115 reported drugs, the most frequently administered was combination lopinavir/ritonavir, which was associated with a time to clinically meaningful response (complete symptom resolution or hospital discharge) of 11.7 (1.09) days. There were insufficient data to compare across treatments. Many treatments have been administered to the first 9152 reported cases of COVID-19. These data serve as the basis for an open-source registry of all reported treatments given to COVID-19 patients at www.CDCN.org/CORONA . Further work is needed to prioritize drugs for investigation in well-controlled clinical trials and treatment protocols.
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Positive anecdotal reports support targeted antagonists against interleukin-1, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and JAK1 and JAK2 in patients with Covid-19.
“Further support comes from positive anecdotal reports of targeted antagonists against interleukin-1, granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and JAK1 and JAK2 in patients with Covid-19.102-105”
From Cytokine storm (2020) · cites this paper as [102]
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Labib, H. A., Ali, R. M. M., & Tharwat, A. I. (2023) · Egyptian Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1080/11101849.2023.2173205 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Therapeutic approaches to pediatric COVID-19: an online survey of pediatric rheumatologists
Janda, A., Schuetz, C., Canna, S., Gorelik, M., Heeg, M., Minden, K., Hinze, C. H., Schulz, A., Debatin, K., Hedrich, C. M., et al. (2021) · Rheumatology International · doi:10.1007/s00296-021-04824-4 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Fever as a Predictor of COVID-19 Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients
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Trémolières, F. (2023) · Infectious Diseases Now · doi:10.1016/j.idnow.2023.104761 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Fajgenbaum, D. C., Khor, J. S., Gorzewski, A., Tamakloe, M.-A., Powers, V., Kakkis, J. J., Repasky, M., Taylor, A., Beschloss, A., Hernandez-Miyares, L., Go, B., Nimgaonkar, V., McCarthy, M. S., Kim, C. J., Pai, R.-A. L., Frankl, S., Angelides, P., Jiang, J., Rasheed, R., Napier, E., Mackay, D., & Pierson, S. K.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- The Ohio State University (US)
- Brown University (US)
- University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fajgenbaum, David C.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Infectious Diseases and Therapy
- Published
- 2020-05-27
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 435-449
- ISSN
- 2193-6382 (ISSN-L)
- 2193-8229
- PMC
- PMC7251321
- OpenAlex
- W3031433295
- Cited by
- 52
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 20
- FWCI
- 0.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Infectious Diseases and Therapy (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- medRxiv (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 treatment, antiviral agents, antibiotics, corticosteroids, lopinavir/ritonavir, hospitalized patients, treatment registry, drug repurposing
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