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Ketamine and Beyond: Investigations into the Potential of Glutamatergic Agents to Treat Depression
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Clinical and preclinical studies suggest that dysfunction of the glutamatergic system is implicated in mood disorders such as major depressive disorder and bipolar depression. In clinical studies of individuals with major depressive disorder and bipolar depression, rapid reductions in depressive symptoms have been observed in response to subanesthetic-dose ketamine, an agent whose mechanism of action involves the modulation of glutamatergic signaling. The findings from these studies have prompted the repurposing and/or development of other glutamatergic modulators for antidepressant efficacy, both as monotherapy or as an adjunct to conventional monoaminergic antidepressants. This review highlights the evidence supporting the antidepressant effects of subanesthetic-dose ketamine as well as other glutamatergic modulators, such as D-cycloserine, riluzole, CP-101,606, CERC-301 (previously known as MK-0657), basimglurant, JNJ-40411813, dextromethorphan, nitrous oxide, GLYX-13, and esketamine.
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“In all reports, initial efficacy was either transient or inconsistent in larger studies [97,103,144,145,146].”
From Pharmacotherapies Targeting GABA-Glutamate Neurotransmission for Treatment-Resistant Depression (2023) · cites this paper as [103]
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“Esketamine has nearly fourfold greater affinity for the NMDAR than (R)-ketamine but interestingly induces fewer and weaker psychotomimetic and dissociative effects [103].”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Lener, M. S., Kadriu, B., & Zarate, C. A.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lener, Marc S.
- Venue
- Drugs
- Published
- 2017-02-14
- Volume
- 77
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 381-401
- ISSN
- 0012-6667 (ISSN-L)
- 1179-1950
- PMC
- PMC5342919
- OpenAlex
- W2588408561
- Cited by
- 131
- References
- 131
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 9
- FWCI
- 2.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Drugs (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (ZIA-MH002857-10)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- ketamine, depression, major depressive disorder, bipolar depression, antidepressant repurposing, subanesthetic ketamine, D-cycloserine, riluzole, CP-101,606, dextromethorphan, nitrous oxide, esketamine, glutamatergic signaling
- MeSH terms
- Depression, Humans, Ketamine, Excitatory Amino Acid Agents
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