Cited by 166Genetics and Physical PerformanceEpigenetics and DNA MethylationMuscle Physiology and Disorders

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Physical Exercise and Epigenetic Modifications in Skeletal Muscle

Widmann, Manuel, Nieß, Andreas M., Munz, Barbara·2019·Sports Medicine

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Abstract

Physical activity and sports play major roles in the overall health status of humans. It is well known that regular exercise helps to lower the risk for a broad variety of health problems, such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. Being physically active induces a wide variety of molecular adaptations, for example fiber type switches or other metabolic alterations, in skeletal muscle tissue. These adaptations are based on exercise-induced changes to the skeletal muscle transcriptome. Understanding their nature is crucial to improve the development of exercise-based therapeutic strategies. Recent research indicates that specifically epigenetic mechanisms, i.e., pathways that induce changes in gene expression patterns without altering the DNA base sequence, might play a major role in controlling skeletal muscle transcriptional patterns. Epigenetic mechanisms include DNA and histone modifications, as well as expression of specific microRNAs. They can be modulated by environmental factors or external stimuli, such as exercise, and eventually induce specific and fine-tuned changes to the transcriptional response. In this review, we highlight current knowledge on epigenetic changes induced in exercising skeletal muscle, their target genes, and resulting phenotypic changes. In addition, we raise the question of whether epigenetic modifications might serve as markers for the design and management of optimized and individualized training protocols, as prognostic tools to predict training adaptation, or even as targets for the design of "exercise mimics".

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Authors: Widmann, M., Nieß, A. M., & Munz, B.
Affiliations: University of Tübingen (DE)
Corresponding author: Munz, Barbara
ORCID: Widmann, Manuel
Nieß, Andreas M.
Munz, Barbara
Venue: Sports Medicine
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2019-02-19
Volume: 49
Issue: 4
Pages: 509-523
ISSN: 0112-1642 (ISSN-L)
1179-2035
DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01070-4
OpenAlex: W2917335963
Cited by: 165
References: 90
Citations by year: 2026: 19 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 8
FWCI: 2.53
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Sports Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Minigraduiertenkolleg iReAct
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Physical Performance
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
Keywords: physical activity, epigenetic modifications, skeletal muscle, exercise-induced gene expression, DNA methylation, histone modifications, microRNA, muscle fiber type shift, exercise adaptation, exercise mimetics, training protocols, exercise biomarkers
MeSH terms: Endurance Training, Adaptation, Physiological, Age Factors, Gene Expression Regulation, Histones, Humans, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal, MicroRNAs, Epigenesis, Genetic, Resistance Training, Transcriptome

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Physical Exercise and Epigenetic Modifications in Skeletal Muscle

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