Muscular Strength as A Predictor of All-Cause Mortality in an Apparently Healthy Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Data From Approximately 2 Million Men and Women
Open accessAbstract
Objectives The aims of the present systematic review and meta-analysis were to determine the relationship between muscular strength and all-cause mortality risk and to examine the sex-specific impact of muscular strength on all-cause mortality in an apparently healthy population.Data sources Two authors systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and SPORTDiscus databases and conducted manual searching of reference lists of selected articles.Study selection Eligible cohort studies were those that examined the association of muscular strength with all-cause mortality in an apparently healthy population. The hazard ratio (HR) estimates with 95% confidence interval (CI) were pooled by using random effects meta-analysis models after assessing heterogeneity across studies.Data extraction Two authors independently extracted data.Data synthesis Thirty-eight studies with 1,907,580 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The included studies had a total of 63,087 deaths. Higher levels of handgrip strength were associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality (HR=0.69; 95% CI, 0.64-0.74) compared with lower muscular strength, with a slightly stronger association in women (HR=0.60; 95% CI, 0.51-0.69) than men (HR=0.69; 95% CI, 0.62-0.77) (all P<.001). Also, adults with higher levels of muscular strength, as assessed by knee extension strength test, had a 14% lower risk of death (HR=0.86: 95% CI, 0.80-0.93; P<.001) compared with adults with lower muscular strength.Conclusions Higher levels of upper- and lower-body muscular strength are associated with a lower risk of mortality in adult population, regardless of age and follow-up period. Muscular strength tests can be easily performed to identify people with lower muscular strength and, consequently, with an increased risk of mortality.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
If optimal or more substantial muscle strength, endurance, and hypertrophy gains are the goal, multiple weekly training sessions are recommended over single weekly sessions, especially for more highly trained or active individuals.
“Although there is some disagreement [59], if optimal or more substantial muscle strength, endurance, and hypertrophy gains are the goal, then multiple weekly training sessions are recommended over single weekly sessions, especially for the more highly trained or active individuals [19, 25, 26, 30, 49, 51–56].”
From Minimalist Training: Is Lower Dosage or Intensity Resistance Training Effective to Improve Physical Fitness? A Narrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [19]
The supplied copy’s Methods (section 3.3) describes tests used to measure strength, and its Discussion (section 4) concerns strength and mortality. Searches for weekly training frequency and hypertrophy found no passage comparing multiple sessions with one session or recommending a frequency for highly trained people. The supplied passages are also labelled as a cancer-mortality paper rather than the cited all-cause-mortality paper, so this copy cannot verify the attribution. (LLM, conf=0.73)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIncorporating handgrip strength alongside established cardiovascular disease risk factors significantly enhances the precision of risk prediction for cardiovascular disease morbidity, all-cause mortality, and cancer mortality.
“incorporating HGS alongside established cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors significantly enhances the precision of risk prediction for CVD morbidity [55], all-cause mortality [56], and cancer mortality [52,56]”
From Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) (2025) · cites this paper as [56]
Incorporating HGS alongside established CVD risk factors significantly enhances the precision of risk prediction for CVD morbidity, all-cause mortality, and cancer mortality.
“Numerous studies have shown that incorporating HGS alongside established cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors significantly enhances the precision of risk prediction for CVD morbidity [55], all-cause mortality [56], and cancer mortality [52,56].”
From Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) (2025) · cites this paper as [56]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses
Higgins, J. P. T., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J., & Altman, D. G. (2003) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557 · Cited by 63,139 · see citing works
Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test
Egger, M., Smith, G. D., Schneider, M., & Minder, C. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629 · Cited by 56,722 · see citing works
Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis
Higgins, J. P. T., & Thompson, S. G. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1186 · Cited by 36,763 · see citing works
Liberati, A., Altman, D. G., Tetzlaff, J., Mulrow, C., Gøtzsche, P. C., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Clarke, M., Devereaux, P. J., Kleijnen, J., & Moher, D. (2009) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000100 · Cited by 28,164 · see citing works
(2014) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 17,633 · see citing works
Liberati, A., Altman, D. G., Tetzlaff, J., Mulrow, C., Gøtzsche, P. C., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Clarke, M., Devereaux, P. J., Kleijnen, J., & Moher, D. (2009) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00136 · Cited by 10,349 · see citing works
Leong, D. P., Teo, K. K., Rangarajan, S., Lopez-Jaramillo, P., Avezum, A., Orlandini, A., Seron, P., Ahmed, S. H., Rosengren, A., Kelishadi, R., et al. (2015) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)62000-6 · Cited by 1,876 · see citing works
Newman, A. B., Kupelian, V., Visser, M., Simonsick, E. M., Goodpaster, B. H., Kritchevsky, S. B., Tylavsky, F. A., Rubin, S. M., Harris, T. B., & on Behalf of the Health, A. A. B. C. S. I. (2006) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/61.1.72 · Cited by 1,692 · see citing works
Midlife Hand Grip Strength as a Predictor of Old Age Disability
Rantanen, T. (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.281.6.558 · Cited by 1,481 · see citing works
Aging of skeletal muscle: a 12-yr longitudinal study
Frontera, W. R., Hughes, V. A., Fielding, R. A., Fiatarone, M. A., Evans, W. J., & Roubenoff, R. (2000) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.2000.88.4.1321 · Cited by 1,443 · see citing works
Objectively measured physical capability levels and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis
Cooper, R., Kuh, D., Hardy, R., Mortality Review Group, & teams, O. B. O. T. F. A. H. S. (2010) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.c4467 · Cited by 1,166 · see citing works
Cardiac Rehabilitation and Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease
Leon, A. S., Franklin, B. A., Costa, F., Balady, G. J., Berra, K. A., Stewart, K. J., Thompson, P. D., Williams, M. A., & Lauer, M. S. (2005) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000151788.08740.5c · Cited by 1,066 · see citing works
Dynapenia and aging: an update
Manini, T. M., & Clark, B. C. (2012) · The Journals of Gerontology: Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glr010 · Cited by 875 · see citing works
Association between muscular strength and mortality in men: prospective cohort study
Ruiz, J. R., Sui, X., Lobelo, F., Morrow, J. R., Jackson, A. W., Sjostrom, M., & Blair, S. N. (2008) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.a439 · Cited by 815 · see citing works
Self-citationGrip strength, body composition, and mortality
Galé, C. R., Martyn, C., Cooper, C. C., & Sayer, A. A. (2006) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyl224 · Cited by 740 · see citing works
Rantanen, T., Volpato, S., Luigi Ferrucci, M., Eino Heikkinen, M., Fried, L. P., & Guralnik, J. M. (2003) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0579.2003.00207.x · Cited by 661 · see citing works
Muscle strength and body mass index as long-term predictors of mortality in initially healthy men
Rantanen, T., Harris, T., Leveille, S. G., Visser, M., Foley, D., Masaki, K., & Guralnik, J. M. (2000) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/55.3.m168 · Cited by 647 · see citing works
Is grip strength a useful single marker of frailty?
Syddall, H., Cooper, C., Martin, F., Briggs, R., & Aihie Sayer, A. (2003) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afg111 · Cited by 564 · see citing works
Muscular strength in male adolescents and premature death: cohort study of one million participants
Ortega, F. B., Silventoinen, K., Tynelius, P., & Rasmussen, F. (2012) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.e7279 · Cited by 555 · see citing works
Self-citationA LIKELIHOOD APPROACH TO META-ANALYSIS WITH RANDOM EFFECTS
Hardy, R., & Thompson, S. G. (1996) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19960330)15:6 · Cited by 517 · see citing works
Grip Strength Predicts Cause-Specific Mortality in Middle-Aged and Elderly Persons
Sasaki, H., Kasagi, F., Yamada, M., & Fujita, S. (2007) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.04.018 · Cited by 500 · see citing works
Sarcopenia and its implications for the elderly
Roubenoff, R. (2000) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601024 · Cited by 448 · see citing works
Prognostic significance of potential frailty criteria
Rothman, M. D., Leo‐Summers, L., & Gill, T. M. (2008) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.02008.x · Cited by 428 · see citing works
Endogenous Hormones and Breast Cancer Collaborative Group (2011) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/bjc.2011.254 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
Rantanen, T., Guralnik, J. M., Sakari‐Rantala, R., Leveille, S. G., Simonsick, E. M., Ling, S. M., & Fried, L. P. (1999) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/s0003-9993(99)90109-0 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Handgrip strength and mortality in the oldest old population: the Leiden 85-plus study
Ling, C. H. Y., Taekema, D. G., de Craen, A. J. M., Gussekloo, J., Westendorp, R. G. J., & Maier, A. B. (2010) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.091278 · Cited by 382 · see citing works
Skeletal muscle contractile and noncontractile components in young and older women and men
Kent‐Braun, J. A., Ng, A. V., & Young, K. (2000) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.2000.88.2.662 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Associations of Muscle Strength and Fitness with Metabolic Syndrome in Men
Jurča, R., LaMonte, M. J., Church, T. S., Earnest, C. P., FitzGerald, S. J., Barlow, C. E., JORDAN, A. N., Kampert, J. B., & Blair, S. N. (2004) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000135780.88930.a9 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Visser, M., Deeg, D. J. H., Lips, P., Harris, T. B., & Bouter, L. M. (2000) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2000.tb04694.x · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Muscular strength as a strong predictor of mortality: A narrative review
Volaklis, K. A., Halle, M., & Meisinger, C. (2015) · European Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2015.04.013 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Thyroid Hormone Concentrations, Disease, Physical Function, and Mortality in Elderly Men
van den Beld, A. W., Visser, T. J., Feelders, R. A., Grobbee, D. E., & Lamberts, S. W. J. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2005-0872 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Handgrip Strength and Mortality in Older Mexican Americans
Snih, S. A., Markides, K. S., Ray, L., Ostir, G. V., & Goodwin, J. S. (2002) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50312.x · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Cesari, M., Onder, G., Zamboni, V., Manini, T. M., Shorr, R. I., Russo, A., Bernabei, R., Pahor, M., & Landi, F. (2008) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/1471-2318-8-34 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Grip strength and mortality: a biomarker of ageing?
Sayer, A. A., & Kirkwood, T. B. L. (2015) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)62349-7 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Rolland, Y., Lauwers‐Cancès, V., Cesari, M., Vellas, B. J., Pahor, M., & Grandjean, H. (2006) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-005-5458-x · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Frailty, morbidity and survival
Klein, R., Klein, R., Knudtson, M. D., & Lee, K. E. (2005) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2005.01.002 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Midlife Risk Factors and Healthy Survival in Men
Willcox, B. J., He, Q., Chen, R., Yano, K., Masaki, K., Grove, J., Donlon, T. A., Willcox, D. C., & Curb, J. D. (2006) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.296.19.2343 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Lower extremity muscle mass predicts functional performance in mobility-limited elders
Reid, K. F., Naumova, E. N., Carabello, R. J., Phillips, E. M., & Fielding, R. A. (2008) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/bf02982711 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Legrand, D., Vaes, B., Matheï, C., Adriaensen, W. J., Pottelbergh, G. V., & Degryse, J. (2014) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.12840 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Silventoinen, K., Magnusson, P. K. E., Tynelius, P., Batty, G. D., & Rasmussen, F. E. (2008) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyn231 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Celis-Morales, C. A., Lyall, D. M., Anderson, J. J., Iliodromiti, S., Fan, Y., Ntuk, U. E., Mackay, D., Pell, J. P., Sattar, N. A., & Gill, J. M. R. (2016) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehw249 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Gender Differences in Cardiovascular Disease: Hormonal and Biochemical Influences
Pérez-López, F. R., Larrad-Mur, L., Kallen, A. N., Chedraui, P. A., & Taylor, H. S. (2010) · Reproductive Sciences · doi:10.1177/1933719110367829 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Musculoskeletal fitness and risk of mortality
Katzmarzyk, P. T., & Craig, C. L. (2002) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200205000-00002 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Demographic, health, cognitive, and sensory variables as predictors of mortality in very old adults.
Anstey, K. J., Luszcz, M. A., Giles, L. C., & Andrews, G. R. (2001) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.16.1.3 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Sex-Based Differences in Cardiometabolic Biomarkers
Lew, J., Sanghavi, M., Ayers, C. R., McGuire, D. K., Omland, T., Atzler, D., Gore, M. O., Neeland, I. J., Berry, J. D., Khera, A., et al. (2017) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.116.023005 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Physical capability in mid-life and survival over 13 years of follow-up: British birth cohort study
Cooper, R., Strand, B. H., Hardy, R., Patel, K. V., & Kuh, D. J. (2014) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.g2219 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Physical-strength tests and mortality among visitors to health-promotion centers in Japan
Fujita, Y., Nakamura, Y., Hiraoka, J., Kobayashi, K., Sakata, K., Nagai, M., & Yanagawa, H. (1995) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(95)00533-1 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Nofuji, Y., Shinkai, S., Taniguchi, Y., Amano, H., Nishi, M., Murayama, H., Fujiwara, Y., & Suzuki, T. (2015) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2015.11.003 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Timpka, S., Petersson, I. F., Zhou, C., & Englund, M. (2014) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/1741-7015-12-62 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Quadriceps Strength as a Predictor of Mortality in Coronary Artery Disease
Kamiya, K., Masuda, T., Tanaka, S., Hamazaki, N., Matsue, Y., Mezzani, A., Matsuzawa, R., Nozaki, K., Maekawa, E., Noda, C., et al. (2015) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.06.035 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Xue, Q., Beamer, B. A., Chaves, P. H. M., Guralnik, J. M., & Fried, L. P. (2010) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.03154.x · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Socio-economic status, growth, physical activity and fitness: The Madeira Growth Study
Freitas, D. L., Maia, J. A. R., Beunen, G. P., Claessens, A., Thomis, M. A., Marques, A. J., Crespo, M., & Lefevre, J. (2007) · Annals of Human Biology · doi:10.1080/03014460601080983 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Stenholm, S., Mehta, N. K., Elo, I. T., Heliövaara, M., Koskinen, S., & Aromaa, A. (2014) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2013.214 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Strand, B. H., Cooper, R., Bergland, A., Jørgensen, L., Schirmer, H., Skirbekk, V., & Emaus, N. (2016) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech-2015-206776 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Larsen, B. A., Wassel, C. L., Kritchevsky, S. B., Strotmeyer, E. S., Criqui, M. H., Kanaya, A. M., Fried, L. F., Schwartz, A. V., Harris, T. B., Ix, J. H., et al. (2016) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2015-3643 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Arvandi, M., Strasser, B., Meisinger, C., Volaklis, K. A., Gothe, R. M., Siebert, U., Ladwig, K., Grill, E., Horsch, A., Laxy, M., et al. (2016) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-016-0381-4 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Adiponectin resistance in skeletal muscle: Pathophysiological implications in chronic heart failure
Sente, T., Van Berendoncks, A. M., Hoymans, V. Y., & Vrints, C. J. (2016) · Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.12086 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Anabolic and Catabolic Biomarkers As Predictors of Muscle Strength Decline: The InCHIANTI Study
Stenholm, S., Maggio, M. G., Lauretani, F., Bandinelli, S., Ceda, G. P., Iorio, A. D., Giallauria, F., Guralnik, J. M., & Ferrucci, L. (2010) · Rejuvenation Research · doi:10.1089/rej.2009.0891 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
A comparison of objective physical performance tests and future mortality in the elderly people
Veronese, N., Stubbs, B., Fontana, L., Trevisan, C., Bolzetta, F., Rui, M. D., Sartori, L., Musacchio, E., Zambon, S., Maggi, S., et al. (2016) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/glw139 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Childhood Muscular Fitness Phenotypes and Adult Metabolic Syndrome
Fraser, B. J., Huynh, Q. L., Schmidt, M. D., Dwyer, T., Venn, A., & Magnussen, C. G. (2016) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000000955 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Association of regional muscle strength with mortality and hospitalisation in older people
Guadalupe‐Grau, A., Carnicero, J. A. C., Gómez‐Cabello, A., et al. (2015) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afv080 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Handgrip strength, ageing and mortality in rural Africa
Koopman, J. J. E., van Bodegom, D., van Heemst, D., & Westendorp, R. G. J. (2014) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afu165 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Chen, P., Lin, M.-H., Peng, L., Liu, C., Chang, C.-W., Lin, Y.-T., & Chen, L. (2012) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2012.02.002 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Kishimoto, H., Hata, J., Ninomiya, T., Nemeth, H., Hirakawa, Y., Yoshida, D., Kumagai, S., Kitazono, T., & Kiyohara, Y. (2014) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech-2013-203611 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Growth Charts for Muscular Strength Capacity With Quantile Regression
Peterson, M. D., & Krishnan, C. (2015) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2015.05.013 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Taniguchi, Y., Fujiwara, Y., Murayama, H., Yokota, I., Matsuo, E., Seino, S., Nofuji, Y., Nishi, M., Matsuyama, Y., & Shinkai, S. (2016) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glw029 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Physical Fitness and 4-Year Mortality in an 80-Year-Old Population
Takata, Y., Ansai, T., Akifusa, S., Soh, I., YOSHITAKE, Y., Kimura, Y. N., Sonoki, K., Fujisawa, K., Awano, S., Kagiyama, S., et al. (2007) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/62.8.851 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Predictors of all-cause mortality between ages 70 and 80: the Koganei study
Shibata, H., Haga, H., Nagai, H., Suyama, Y., Yasumura, S., Koyano, W., & Suzuki, T. (1992) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/0167-4943(92)90028-3 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Ahmad, R., & Bath, P. A. (2005) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/60.8.1052 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Adipokines in healthy skeletal muscle and metabolic disease
Coles, C. A. (2016) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-27511-6_6 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Peterson, M. D., Zhang, P., Duchowny, K. A., Markides, K. S., Ottenbacher, K. J., & Snih, S. A. (2016) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glw051 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Lower extremity muscular strength, sedentary behavior, and mortality
Loprinzi, P. D. (2016) · AGE · doi:10.1007/s11357-016-9899-9 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Buckner, S. L., Loenneke, J. P., & Loprinzi, P. D. (2015) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.06.012 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Femoral muscle mass relates to physical frailty components in community‐dwelling older people
Takahashi, T., Sugie, M., Nara, M., Koyama, T., Obuchi, S. P., Harada, K., Kyo, S., & Ito, H. (2017) · Geriatrics and gerontology international/Geriatrics & gerontology international · doi:10.1111/ggi.12945 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Physical performance and 10-year mortality in a 70-year-old community-dwelling population
Takata, Y., Shimada, M., Ansai, T., YOSHITAKE, Y., Nishimuta, M., Nakagawa, N., Ohashi, M., Yoshihara, A., & Miyazaki, H. (2012) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/bf03325254 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Growth Factors and Cytokines in Skeletal Muscle Development, Growth, Regeneration and Disease
White, J. D., & Smythe, G. M. (2016) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-27511-6 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
A Comparison of Objective Physical Performance Tests and Future Mortality in the Elderly People
Kiselev, J. (2017) · physioscience · doi:10.1055/s-0035-1567161 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Explaining heterogeneity in meta-analysis: a comparison of methods
Thompson, S. G., & Sharp, S. J. (1999) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19991030)18:20
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 13
- Duchowny KA, Peterson MD, Clarke PJ. Cut points for clini- cal muscle weakness among older Americans. Am J Prev Med. 2017;53:63-69.
- Lindle R, Metter E, Lynch N, et al. Age and gender comparisons of muscle strength in 654 women and men aged 20-93 yr. J Appl Physiol. 1997;83:1581-1587.
- Robsahm TE, Falk RS, Heir T, et al. Measured cardiorespiratory fitness and self-reported physical activity: associations with can- cer risk and death in a long-term prospective cohort study. Cancer Med. 2016;5:2136-2144.
- Schmid D, Leitzmann M. Cardiorespiratory fitness as predictor of cancer mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Oncol. 2015;26:272-278.
- Courneya KS, Segal RJ, McKenzie DC, et al. Effects of exercise during adjuvant chemotherapy on breast cancer outcomes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2014;46:1744-1751.
- Wu Y, Wang W, Liu T, Zhang D. Association of grip strength with risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular diseases, and can- cer in community-dwelling populations: a meta-analysis of pro- spective cohort studies. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2017;18:551.
- Ruiz JR, Sui X, Lobelo F, et al. Muscular strength and adipos- ity as predictors of adulthood cancer mortality in men. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2009;18:1468-1476.
- Karlsen T, Nauman J, Dalen H, et al. The combined associa- tion of skeletal muscle strength and physical activity on mor- tality in older women: the HUNT2 study. Mayo Clin Proc. 2017;92:710-718.
- Dankel S, Loenneke JP, Loprinzi PD. Cancer-specific mortality relative to engagement in muscle strengthening activities and lower extremity strength. J Phys Act Health. 2018;15:144-149.
- Wind AE, Takken T, Helders PJ, Engelbert RH. Is grip strength a predictor for total muscle strength in healthy children, adolescents, and young adults? Eur J Pediatr. 2010;169:281-287.
- Samuel D, Rowe P. An investigation of the association between grip strength and hip and knee joint moments in older adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2012;54:357-360.
- Peterson MD, Duchowny K, Meng Q, et al. Low normalized grip strength is a biomarker for cardiometabolic disease and physical disabilities among US and Chinese adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2017;71:1646-1652.
- Meneses-Echávez JF, Correa-Bautista JE, González-Jiménez E, Río-Valle JS, et al. The effect of exercise training on medi- ators of inflammation in breast cancer survivors: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2016;25:1009-1017.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
<p>Grip Strength: An Indispensable Biomarker For Older Adults</p>
Bohannon, R. W. (2019) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s194543 · Cited by 994 · see citing works
García-Hermoso, A., Ramírez-Campillo, R., & Izquierdo, M. (2019) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-019-01098-6 · Cited by 512 · see citing works
Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation in Skeletal Muscle
Smith, J. A. B., Murach, K. A., Dyar, K. A., & Zierath, J. R. (2023) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/s41580-023-00606-x · Cited by 342 · see citing works
Soysal, P., Hurst, C., Demurtas, J., Firth, J., Howden, R., Yang, L., Tully, M. A., Koyanagi, A., Ilie, P. C., López-Sánchez, G. F., et al. (2021) · Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2020.06.009 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Momma, H., Kawakami, R., Honda, T., & Sawada, S. S. (2022) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2021-105061 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Izquierdo, M., de Souto Barreto, P., Arai, H., Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A., Cadore, E. L., Cesari, M., Chen, L.-K., Coen, P. M., Courneya, K. S., Duque, G., et al. (2025) · The Journal of nutrition, health and aging · doi:10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100401 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Self-citationPhysical Activity and Exercise in Lung Cancer Care: Will Promises Be Fulfilled?
Avancini, A., Sartori, G., Gkountakos, A., Casali, M., Trestini, I., Tregnago, D., Bria, E., Jones, L. W., Milella, M., Lanza, M., et al. (2020) · The Oncologist · doi:10.1634/theoncologist.2019-0463 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Weight loss strategies and the risk of skeletal muscle mass loss
McCarthy, D., & Berg, A. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13072473 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Physical Exercise in the Oldest Old
Valenzuela, P. L., Castillo‐García, A., Morales, J. S., Izquierdo, M., Serra‐Rexach, J. A., Santos‐Lozano, A., & Lucia, A. (2019) · Comprehensive Physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c190002 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Ramírez‐Vélez, R., Correa‐Bautista, J. E., García‐Hermoso, A., Cano, C. A., & Izquierdo, M. (2019) · Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.12373 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Self-citationKirk, B., Mooney, K., Amirabdollahian, F., & Khaiyat, O. (2019) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00445 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Behm, D. G., Granacher, U., Warneke, K., Aragão-Santos, J. C., Da Silva-Grigoletto, M. E., & Konrad, A. (2024) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-023-01949-3 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“…is some disagreement [59], if optimal or more substantial muscle strength, endurance, and hypertrophy gains are the goal, then multiple weekly training sessions are recommended over single weekly sessions, especially for the more highly trained or active individuals [19, 25, 26, 30, 49, 51–56].”
BackgroundResultOliveira, G. S., Vieira, F. T., Lamarca, F., Lima, R. M., Carvalho, K. M. B., & Dutra, E. S. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14010014 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Lavín-Pérez, A. M., Martín-Sánchez, C., Martínez-Núñez, B., Lobato-Rincón, L. L., Villafaina, S., González-García, I., Mata-Cantero, A., Graell, M., Merellano-Navarro, E., & Collado-Mateo, D. (2021) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani11102784 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Furthermore, this test has been conducted in eating disorders due to the importance of strength to avoid sarcopenia [35] as well as to evaluate the physical risk [36].”
BackgroundJensen, S. B. K., Fiorenza, M., Juhl, C. R., Sandsdal, R. M., Jensen, E., Seier, S. S., Janus, C., Jørgensen, J. R., Blond, M. B., Holst, J. J., et al. (2026) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-025-02386-0 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
- Authors
- García-Hermoso, A., Cavero-Redondo, I., Ramírez-Vélez, R., Ruiz, J. R., Ortega, F. B., Lee, D.-C., & Martínez-Vizcaíno, V.
- Affiliations
- Universidad de Granada (ES)
- Iowa State University (US)
- Venue
- Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-10
- Volume
- 99
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 2100-2113.e5
- ISSN
- 0003-9993 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2786503954
- Cited by
- 609
- References
- 78
- Citations by year
- 2026: 68 · 2025: 86 · 2024: 79 · 2023: 74 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 91 · 2020: 66 · 2019: 48 · 2018: 28
- FWCI
- 7.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Academica-e (Universidad Pública de Navarra) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Keywords
- muscle strength, all-cause mortality, grip strength, quadriceps strength, sex differences, healthy adults, mortality prediction, muscle strength assessment
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Cause of Death, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Muscular Diseases, Population Surveillance, Cohort Studies, Proportional Hazards Models, Sex Distribution, Muscle Strength
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
