The Effects of Exclusively Resistance Training-Based Supervised Programs in People with Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
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The purpose of this study was to systematically review the effects of supervised resistance training (RT) programs in people diagnosed with depression or depressive symptoms. The following databases were used to search and retrieve the articles: Cochrane Library, EBSCO, PEDro, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. The search was conducted in late June 2020. Search protocol required the title to contain the words depression or depressive or dysthymia. Furthermore, the title, abstract or keywords had to contain the words or expressions: “randomized controlled trial”; and “strength training” or “resistance training” or “resisted training” or “weight training”. The screening provided 136 results. After the removal of duplicates, 70 records remained. Further screening of titles and abstracts resulted in the elimination of 57 papers. Therefore, 13 records were eligible for further scrutiny. Of the 13 records, nine were excluded, and the final sample consisted of four articles. Results were highly heterogeneous, with half of the studies showing positive effects of resistance training and half showing no effects. In two of the four combinations, the meta-analysis revealed significant benefits of RT in improving depressive symptoms (p ≤ 0.05). However, considering significant differences with moderate (Effect Size = 0.62) and small (ES = 0.53) effects, the heterogeneity was above 50%, thus suggesting a substantial level. To draw meaningful conclusions, future well-designed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are needed that focus on understudied RT as a treatment for depression.
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A meta-analysis on exercise durations/frequencies showed that exercise lasting ≤45 min/session reduced depression symptoms more than >45 min/session, and ≥4 sessions/week had a greater effect than 2-3 sessions/week.
“Furthermore, a meta-analysis on exercise durations/frequencies showed that exercise that lasted ≤ 45 min/session reduced depression symptoms more than > 45 min/session, and ≥ 4 sessions/week had a greater effect than 2–3 sessions/week [108].”
From Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of exercise on depression in adolescents (2022) · cites this paper as [108]
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- Authors
- Carneiro, L., Afonso, J., Ramirez-Campillo, R., Murawska-Ciałowciz, E., Marques, A., & Clemente, F. M.
- Affiliations
- Instituto Superior da Maia (PT)
- Universidade do Porto (PT)
- Human Performance Laboratory, Quality of Life and Wellness Research Group, Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universidad de Los Lagos, Lord Cochrane, 1046 Osorno, Chile
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University School of Physical Education, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
- University of Lisbon (PT)
- Universidade Politécnica de Viana do Castelo (PT)
- Corresponding author
- Clemente, Filipe Manuel
- ORCID
- Venue
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-09-15
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 18
- Pages
- 6715
- ISSN
- 1660-4601 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7560016
- OpenAlex
- W3040005786
- Cited by
- 31
- References
- 78
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5
- FWCI
- 0.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- resistance training, depression, depressive symptoms, supervised exercise, weight training, physical activity interventions, exercise therapy
- MeSH terms
- Depression, Humans, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Resistance Training
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