Alcohol use and Depression During Adolescence and Young Adulthood: a Summary and Interpretation of Mixed Findings
Open accessAbstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) and alcohol misuse are common among adolescents and young adults and are associated with significant personal and societal problems. Similarly, major depressive disorder (MDD) and depressive symptoms are prevalent in this population and when they co-occur with alcohol misuse leads to even more severe consequences. Numerous studies have investigated the association between depressive symptoms, AUD, and various drinking behaviors presenting an unclear picture. In this review, we summarize studies among adolescents and young adults that have examined these relationships. From this review, it emerges that several factors affect results, including study design (cross-sectional vs longitudinal), participants’ age (adolescents vs young adults), severity of problems considered (AUD vs heavy drinking; MDD vs depressive symptoms), and gender. Adolescents with AUD are at higher risk for MDD in particular at a younger age. During adolescence, several drinking behaviors, including weekly alcohol use and heavy drinking, increase the risk for depressive symptoms and MDD, while during young adulthood primarily AUD, but not other drinking behaviors, is associated with increased risk for MDD. Gender may have an effect on the association between depression and drinking behaviors but its role is still unclear. Some evidence suggests that the association between AUD and MDD is bidirectional such that mood problems contribute to the onset of alcohol problems and vice versa. More longitudinal studies are needed to examine these associations in young adults and to clarify the effect of gender on these associations. To date, findings suggest the critical need to reduce any alcohol use at a young age and to treat both depressive symptoms and AUD to prevent the occurrence of comorbid disorders.
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Adolescent alcohol exposure is associated with increased rates of major depressive disorder, particularly in females.
“AAE is associated with increased rates of major depressive disorder [45, 46], particularly in females [47].”
From Consequences of adolescent drug use (2023) · cites this paper as [45]
The Conclusion (page not provided) reports a higher risk of MDD among adolescents with alcohol use disorder and a small prospective increase in MDD risk associated with alcohol use. It also says findings on gender differences are mixed, so it does not establish that the association is particularly strong in females. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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“For example, AAE is associated with increased rates of major depressive disorder [45, 46], particularly in females [47].”
BackgroundThe association between depression, anxiety and substance use among Canadian post-secondary students
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- Authors
- Pedrelli, P., Shapero, B., Archibald, A., & Dale, C.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Pedrelli, Paola
- Venue
- Current Addiction Reports
- Published
- 2016-02-04
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 91-97
- ISSN
- 2196-2952 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4859438
- OpenAlex
- W2261646863
- Semantic Scholar
- d37d99cae61cfb189ccb8ab3f4e5bb1ea35afb4e
- Cited by
- 169
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 9.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Current Addiction Reports (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (K23AA020064)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Keywords
- alcoholism, alcohol abuse, major depressive disorder, depressive symptoms, adolescents, young adults, heavy drinking, gender differences, bidirectional comorbidity
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