Alcohol use disorder and depressive disorders
Open accessAbstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) and depressive disorders are among the most prevalent psychiatric disorders and co-occur more often than expected by chance. The aim of this review is to characterize the prevalence, course, and treatment of co-occurring AUD and depressive disorders. Studies have indicated that the co-occurrence of AUD and depressive disorders is associated with greater severity and worse prognosis for both disorders. Both pharmacologic and behavioral treatments have demonstrated efficacy for this population. However, treatment response is somewhat modest, particularly for drinking outcomes, highlighting the importance of further research on the etiology and treatment of co-occurring AUD and depressive disorders. Key future directions include studies to understand the heterogeneity of both AUD and depressive disorders, research on novel treatment approaches to enhance outcomes, and better understanding of sex and gender differences.
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Abstinence from or reduction in SUD behaviors often accompanies similar reductions in mood, anxiety and other comorbid symptoms.
“Similarly, abstinence from or a reduction in SUD behaviors often accompanies similar reductions in mood, anxiety and other comorbid symptoms (241, 242).”
From The integrated treatment of eating disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, and psychiatric comorbidity: a commentary on the evolution of principles and guidelines (2023) · cites this paper as [242]
The Course and prognosis section (page unavailable) says depressive symptoms significantly improve after 3–4 weeks of alcohol abstinence. The Medication trials section also reports that alcohol abstinence had a strong effect on remission of depression. The paper does not establish the same pattern for SUDs generally or for anxiety and other comorbid symptoms. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Structural sexism and Women's alcohol use in the United States, 1988–2016
McKetta, S. C., Prins, S. J., Hasin, D. S., Patrick, M. E., & Keyes, K. M. (2022) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114976 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Trends in US Alcohol Consumption Frequency During the First Wave of the SARS‐CoV‐2 Pandemic
McKetta, S. C., Morrison, C. N., & Keyes, K. M. (2021) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.14575 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“We additionally include two mental health covariates, depression and anxiety, both of which are associated with alcohol consumption (Marmorstein, 2009; McHugh and Weiss, 2019; Smith and Randall, 2012).”
BackgroundAlcohol Withdrawal and the Associated Mood Disorders—A Review
Ngui, H. H. L., Kow, A. S. F., Lai, S., Tham, C. L., Ho, Y., & Lee, M. T. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms232314912 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“Individuals suffering from alcoholinduced depression would experience emotional distress and depressive symptoms during the course of alcohol intoxication or withdrawal, where their condition usually alleviates following about one month of complete abstinence [99].”
BackgroundInfluentialPacho, M., Aymerich, C., Pedruzo, B., de Pablo, G. S., Pardo, E. S., Bordenave, M., Dieguez, R., Lopez-Zorroza, I., Herrero, J., Laborda, M., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1264998 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“Comorbidity between depression and alcohol use occurs in both directions and common but not fully understood pathophysiological processes have been postulated to explain their co-occurrence (88).”
BackgroundBalachandra, S., Eary, R. L., Lee, R. C., Wynings, E. M., Sher, D. J., Sura, T., Liu, Y., Tillman, B. N., Sumer, B. D., Arnold, E. M., et al. (2021) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.33881 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
King, A. C., Fischer, A. M., Cursio, J., Didier, N. A., Lee, Z., & Fridberg, D. J. (2025) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.20240069 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Comorbid alcohol use disorder in psychiatric MDD patients: A five-year prospective study
Holma, M., Holma, I. A. K., & Isometsä, E. T. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.02.024 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Schad, A., Layton, R. L., Ragland, D. A., & Cook, J. G. (2022) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.69960 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Wang, Q., Zhang, Y., & Wu, C. (2022) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-022-12718-8 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“Several variables such as depression, poor health status and sleeping problems, commonly co-occur with alcohol use disorder, and alcohol use disorder might increase the risk of those health-related disorders [28, 29].”
BackgroundGatta, E., Camussi, D., Auta, J., Guidotti, A., & Pandey, S. C. (2022) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108299 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Xue, M., Teng, X., Liang, H. W., Zhao, J., Jiang, Y., Qiu, X., Zhang, Z., Pei, Z., Zhang, N., & Qin, Y. (2021) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2021.104726 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Lanièpce, A., Lahbairi, N., Cabé, N., Pitel, A., & Rauchs, G. (2021) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101435 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
State earned income tax credits and depression and alcohol misuse among women with children
Morgan, E. R., Hill, H. D., Mooney, S. J., Rivara, F. P., & Rowhani‐Rahbar, A. (2022) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101695 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“Given the cyclical relationship between poverty, poor mental health, and substance misuse, policies that aim to reduce economic hardship may also alleviate depressive symptoms and alcohol misuse (McHugh and Weiss, 2019; Boden and Fergusson, 2011).”
BackgroundSubstance use, microbiome and psychiatric disorders
Chivero, E. T., Sil, S., Kumar, M., & Buch, S. J. (2022) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173432 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Saffari, M., Chang, K., Chen, J., Chang, C.-W., Chen, I., Huang, S.-W., Liu, C.-H., Lin, C., & Potenza, M. N. (2022) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-022-04468-z · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“Nearly three million deaths annually may be attributable to alcohol consumption worldwide, and alcohol use may contribute substantially to psychological problems [17, 18].”
BackgroundEffects of GLP‐1 Receptor Agonists in Alcohol Use Disorder
Klausen, M. K., Knudsen, G. M., Vilsbøll, T., & Fink‐Jensen, A. (2025) · Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology · doi:10.1111/bcpt.70004 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Giusto, A. M., Ayuku, D., & Puffer, E. S. (2022) · International Journal of Mental Health Systems · doi:10.1186/s13033-022-00522-1 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Most common among these is depression [32].”
Substance use and common contributors to morbidity: A genetics perspective
Sanchez‐Roige, S., Kember, R. L., & Arpana Agrawal, A. (2022) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104212 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Ramirez, E. B. D., Arnold, M. E., McConnell, K. T., Solomon, M. G., Amico, K. N., & Schank, J. R. (2023) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114159 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“One longitudinal study found that AUD in adolescent participants predicted MDD in early adulthood, and MDD in early adulthood predicted later AUD [15].”
InfluentialAnxiety, Depression, Coping, Alcohol Use and Consequences in Young Adult College Students
McConaha, C. D., McCabe, B. E., & Falcon, A. L. (2023) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2023.2270550 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Anxiety and depression are commonly comorbid with alcohol use; alcohol use disorder doubles the risk of anxiety or major depression (Smith & Randall, 2012; McHugh & Weiss, 2019).”
BackgroundTrends and characteristics in ketamine use among US adults with and without depression, 2015–2022
Yang, K. H., Kepner, W. E., Cleland, C. M., & Palamar, J. J. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.12.108 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Nicola, M. D., Pepe, M., Panaccione, I., Moccia, L., Dattoli, L., Molinaro, M., Sani, G., Janiri, L., & McIntyre, R. S. (2020) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s109285292000173x · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Therefore, some authors suggest that treatment should be considered even in substance-induced depression.(13) The evaluation of further clinical and psychopathological dimensions, such as anhedonia, cognitive features, and overall functioning, might be useful to better understand the full spectrum of severity ofMDD+AU…”
BackgroundInfluentialAlcohol Induced Depression: Clinical, Biological and Genetic Features
Farré, A., Tirado-Muñoz, J., Spataro, N., Alías-Ferri, M., Torrens, M., & Fonseca, F. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm9082668 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Diagnosis and treatment of the commonly co-occurring AUD and depressive disorders implies many challenges [15].”
BackgroundVerlinden, J. J., Moloney, M., Whitehurst, L. N., & Weafer, J. J. (2022) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2022.875168 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Jack, H. E., Oliver, M. M., Berger, D. B., Bobb, J. F., Bradley, K. A., & Hallgren, K. A. (2023) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109821 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Nicola, M. D., Pepe, M., Panaccione, I., Moccia, L., Janiri, L., & Sani, G. (2023) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x21666230403080624 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“This clinical population is often difficult to manage in real-world practice and, given the lack of comparative trials, the most effective approach is still uncertain [6].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialAssanangkornchai, S., Nontarak, J., Aekplakorn, W., Chariyalertsak, S., Kessomboon, P., & Taneepanichskul, S. (2020) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02958-6 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Research evidence reveals some potential developmental pathways for the co-occurrence of AUD and depressive disorders, including: (1) depressive disorders increase the risk for AUD, (2) AUD increases the risk for depressive disorders, and (3) both conditions share a similar pathophysiology or have common risk factors,…”
BackgroundHalladay, J. E., Slade, T. N., Chapman, C., Mewton, L. R., O’Dean, S., Visontay, R., Baillie, A., Teesson, M., & Sunderland, M. (2023) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115356 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“The positive correlation between distress and alcohol may suggest that increases in population-level distress over time should also generate similar increases in alcohol use (Bell and Britton, 2014; Berg et al., 2019; Fernandes et al., 2020; McHugh and Weiss, 2019).”
Chronic Pain in Relation to Depressive Disorders and Alcohol Abuse
Maleki, N., & Oscar‐Berman, M. (2020) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci10110826 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“Similarly, the synergistic effects of comorbid depression and ALC have been associated with greater severity for both disorders [37].”
BackgroundSchecke, H., Fink, M., Bäuerle, A., Skoda, E., Schweda, A., Musche, V., Dinse, H., Weismüller, B., Moradian, S., Scherbaum, N., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18189728 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Co-occurrence of AUD and depressive disorders is associated with greater severity and worse prognosis for both disorders [53].”
BackgroundNunes, E. J., Kebede, N., Bağdaş, D., & Addy, N. (2022) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1002/jeab.747 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Filippis, S. D., Martinotti, G., Nicoletti, F., Mastrostefano, A., Trovini, G., Pugliese, A., & Nicola, M. D. (2024) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x22666240827165327 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“Patients with comorbid MDD-AUD show a more severe course of illness, serious cognitive impairments, worse adherence and response to treatment, and a higher risk of suicide [80, 81].”
Verlinden, J. J., Moloney, M., Vsevolozhskaya, O. A., Ritterband, L. M., Winkel, F., & Weafer, J. J. (2023) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.15209 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
von Zimmermann, C., Hübner, M., Mühle, C., Müller, C. P., Weinland, C., Kornhuber, J., & Lenz, B. (2023) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-023-01567-0 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“Substance abuse frequently co-occurs with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) [21–23].”
BackgroundLi, X., Xiao, D., Li, C., Wu, T., Li, L., Li, T., Pan, X., Liu, Q., Chi, M., Li, R., et al. (2024) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116835 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
O'Donnell, A. J., Schmidt, C. S., Beyer, F. R., Schrietter, M., Anderson, P., Jané‐Llopis, E., Kaner, E., & Schulte, B. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.11.039 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Horrell, J., Callaghan, L., & Dhanda, A. (2022) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.14895 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Schouten, M. J. E., ten Have, M., Tuithof, M., de Graaf, R., Dekker, J., Goudriaan, A. E., & Blankers, M. (2023) · Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences · doi:10.1017/s2045796023000070 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“These studies’ findings shed light on both the complexity and high degree of variability of the course of co-occurring AUD and depression (McHugh and Weiss, 2019).”
Distress tolerance and emotional regulation in individuals with alcohol use disorder
Zaorska, J., Rydzewska, M., Kopera, M., Wiśniewski, P., Trucco, E. M., Kobyliński, P., & Jakubczyk, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1175664 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
White, L. F., Jiang, W., Ma, Y., So‐Armah, K., Samet, J. H., & Cheng, D. M. (2020) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107944 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“Alcohol has been studied in connection with cancers, cardiovascular diseases and mental health (Bell et al., 2017; Conner, 2019; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; McHugh, 2019).”
BackgroundGiusto, A. M., Johnson, S. L., Lovero, K. L., Wainberg, M. L., Rono, W., Ayuku, D., & Puffer, E. S. (2021) · International Journal of Drug Policy · doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103291 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Lin, E., Kuo, P., Lin, W., Liu, Y., Yang, A. C., & Tsai, S. (2021) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm11070597 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“The clinical variable regarding current alcohol drinking was included as alcohol consumption might contribute to any underlying condition of sadness/melancholy in MDD subjects with a comorbid condition of alcoholism [44,45].”
BackgroundBarros, M. B. D. A., Medina, L. D. P. B., Lima, M. G., de Azevedo, R. C. S., Sousa, N. F. D. S., & Malta, D. C. (2021) · Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia · doi:10.1590/1980-549720210010.supl.2 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Cytokine level in patients with mood disorder, alcohol use disorder and their comorbidity
Mednova, I. A., Levchuk, L. A., Boiko, A. S., Roschina, O. V., Simutkin, G. G., Bokhan, N. A., LOONEN, A. J. M., & Ivanova, S. А. (2022) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/15622975.2022.2095439 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Beas, R., Riva-Moscoso, A., Ribaudo, I., Chambergo‐Michilot, D., Norwood, D. A., Karkash, A., Izquierdo-Veraza, D., Montrose, J. A., Rojas, M. R., & Montalvan-Sanchez, E. E. (2023) · Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/j.clinre.2023.102115 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Ethanol-Induced Depression: Exploring the Underlying Molecular Mechanisms
Mashayekhi‐Sardoo, H., Razazpour, F., Hakemi, Z., Hedayati‐Moghadam, M., & Baghcheghi, Y. (2025) · Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s10571-025-01569-7 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“Inpatient populations with severe AUD often present with “secondary depression,” characterized by melancholic features such as diurnal mood variation and non-reactive affect, which resolve partially with sustained abstinence (McHugh and Weiss 2019).”
Kim, R. G., Medina, S. P., Magee, C., & Khalili, M. (2021) · Hepatology Communications · doi:10.1002/hep4.1873 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Genetic Variability of Incretin Receptors and Alcohol Dependence: A Pilot Study
Tsermpini, E. E., Goričar, K., Plesničar, B. K., Ilješ, A. P., & Dolžan, V. (2022) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2022.908948 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“…in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV), whereas, in DSM-V, they are integrated into one broader category of alcohol use disorder (AUD) which includes sub-classifications, depending on the severity of the symptoms (Kathryn Mchugh and Weiss, 2019; Nutt et al., 2021).”
BackgroundProblematic substance use in depressed adolescents: Prevalence and clinical correlates
Marino, E. N., Jha, M. K., Minhajuddin, A., Ayvaci, E. R., Levinson, S., Pipes, R., Emslie, G. J., & Trivedi, M. H. (2024) · Addictive Behaviors Reports · doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100539 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“…disorder), as well as alterations to brain development in regions that control higher order cognitive functioning and inhibitory control (Clayborne et al., 2019; Esmaeelzadeh et al., 2018; Fergusson et al., 2009; Gray & Squeglia, 2018; McHugh & Weiss, 2019; Pedrelli et al., 2016; Spear, 2018).”
BackgroundThe Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in a Convenience Sample of 202 Gulf War Veterans
Chao, L. L. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17197158 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Bauer, E. E., Shoeman, A., Buhr, T. J., Daniels, K. M., Lyte, M., & Clark, P. (2021) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.14592 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Lien, I. A., Bolstad, I., Lien, L., & Bramness, J. G. (2021) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114363 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“The higher cut-off in AUD patients could be due to overlapping MDD and withdrawal symptoms such as insomnia and psychomotor agitation (Barral et al., 2016; McHugh and Weiss, 2019; Weiss et al., 2006).”
BackgroundRussell, S., Quigley, R., Thompson, F., Sagigi, B., Miller, G., LoGiudice, D., Smith, K., Strivens, E., & Pachana, N. A. (2022) · Clinical Gerontologist · doi:10.1080/07317115.2022.2086090 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Oyekunle, V., Tomita, A. M., & Gibbs, A. (2022) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2022.2088816 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Welford, P., Gunillasdotter, V., Andréasson, S., & Hallgren, M. Å. (2022) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109601 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Skarstein, S. O., Lien, L., & Abebe, D. (2022) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.111137 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Neurobiology and the Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder: A Review of the Evidence Base
Donato, S., & Ray, L. A. (2023) · Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation · doi:10.2147/sar.s409943 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Perpiñá-Clérigues, C., Mellado, S., Galiana‐Roselló, C., Fernández-Regueras, M., Marcos, M., Garcia‐García, F., & Pascual, M. (2024) · Biology of Sex Differences · doi:10.1186/s13293-024-00584-5 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Fuentes, J. J., Mayans, J., Guarro, M., Canosa, I., Mestre-Pintó, J. I., Fonseca, F., & Torrens, M. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-05986-8 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) are highly prevalent mental health conditions, and they tend to co-occur more frequently than one would expect by chance [1].”
BackgroundKposowa, A. J., & Breault, K. D. (2021) · Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation · doi:10.2147/sar.s334851 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Quadir, S. G., Arleth, G., Jahad, J. V., Sanchez, M. E., Effinger, D. P., & Herman, M. A. (2022) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-021-06052-x · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Butcher, E., Packham, C., Williams, M., Miksza, J. K., Kaul, A., Khunti, K. K., & Morriss, R. K. (2021) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-021-03453-2 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Alcohol use, sleep, and depression among family caregivers in the time of COVID-19
Strzelecki, A. M., Moloney, M., Brooks, A. T., & Weafer, J. J. (2022) · Alcohol · doi:10.1016/j.alcohol.2022.04.002 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Another piece of puzzle for the human microbiome: the gut virome under dietary modulation
Zhao, F., & Wang, J. (2024) · Journal of genetics and genomics/Journal of Genetics and Genomics · doi:10.1016/j.jgg.2024.04.013 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
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León, B. E., Peyton, L., Essa, H., Wieden, T., Marion, N., Childers, W. E., Abou-Gharbia, M. A., & Choi, D. (2023) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109515 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Choi, M., Sempungu, J. K., Lee, E. H., & Lee, Y. H. (2024) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjo.2024.26 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“47,48 With recent advances in internet services, the availability of alcohol and drugs may have become higher owing to content and postings on social media.”
Backgrounddos Santos, É. R. Q., Pantoja, L. V. P. D. S., Farias, S. V., Pinheiro, B. G., Andrade, E. H. D. A., Mendes, P. F. S., Cruz, J. N., Monteiro, M. C., Davis, K., Lima, R. R., et al. (2024) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117120 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Warden, A. S., Salem, N. A., Brenner, E. A., Sutherland, G. T., Stevens, J., Kapoor, M., Goate, A., & Mayfield, R. D. (2025) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2025.02.895 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
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“52 Prior studies have shown a relationship between depression and increased alcohol use, 53 decreased physical activity, 54 and worse NAFLD ‐ related histologic findings.”
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“The possible reason for this association might be that the presence of mental disorders may contribute to the use of alcohol or vice versa (70).”
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Chaudhari, R. B., Duong, N. K., Shrestha, S., Badal, B. D., Dharia, N., Gonzaga, E. R., Spoutz, P. M., Chia, L., Wade, J. B., Rogal, S. S., et al. (2022) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.14809 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
As the Wheel Turns: Causal Inference for Feedback Loops and Bidirectional EffectsPreprint
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- Authors
- McHugh, R.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- McHugh, RK
- ORCID
- McHugh, RK
- Venue
- Alcohol Research: Current Reviews
- Published
- 2019
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 1
- ISSN
- 2168-3492 (ISSN-L)
- 2169-4796
- PMC
- PMC6799954
- OpenAlex
- W2972722553
- Cited by
- 517
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 38 · 2025: 125 · 2024: 104 · 2023: 93 · 2022: 93 · 2021: 48 · 2020: 16
- FWCI
- 5.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- public-domain
- Locations
- Alcohol research (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Charles Engelhard Foundation
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (K24DA022288, K23DA035297)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- alcoholism, depressive disorders, comorbidities, prevalence, clinical course, treatment response, pharmacotherapy, behavior therapy, prognosis, sex and gender differences
- MeSH terms
- Alcoholism, Depressive Disorder, Humans, Prognosis, Comorbidity, Prevalence
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