A review of PID control, tuning methods and applications

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A Particle Swarm Optimization Approach for Optimum Design of PID Controller in AVR System

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The future of PID control

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Automatic tuning and adaptation for PID controllers - a survey

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Tuning of PID controllers with fuzzy logic

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When Optimal Control Meets Neural Network: A Comprehensive Survey

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OpenCV-based PID control line following vehicle with object recognition and reaction

Li, J. (2024) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/5.0214211 · Cited by 5

Development of S-domain experimental correlation thermal control model and rapid enumeration PID tuning method for uncooled Laser chip module

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A novel strategy for the MPPT in a photovoltaic system via sliding modes control

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Learning-based Adaptive Control of Quadruped Robots for Active Stabilization on Moving Platforms

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Motion Control of Manipulator Robots via Two PD-Based Nonlinear Controllers: Design and Comparative Analysis

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Stable fabrication of femtosecond-laser-induced periodic nanostructures on glass using real-time monitoring and active feedback control

Miyaji, G., Nagai, D., Miyoshi, T., Takada, H., Yoshitomi, D., & Narazaki, A. (2025) · Light Advanced Manufacturing · doi:10.37188/lam.2025.003 · Cited by 5

Electric heating control of agricultural greenhouse in winter using an embedded technology based chaotic particle swarm optimization PID controller

Wang, X., Wang, C., Liu, Z., Kang, Y., & Wang, Z. (2025) · International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108777 · Cited by 5

Adaptive PID control and process optimization for mandrel motion in profiled ring rolling

Han, Y., Wang, M., Su, H. L., Wu, H., & Liu, S. (2025) · Journal of Manufacturing Processes · doi:10.1016/j.jmapro.2025.04.075 · Cited by 5

Liquid Tank Level Control with Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) and Full State Feedback (FSB)

Ma’arif, A., Suwarno, I., Rahmaniar, W., Maghfiroh, H., Raharja, N. M., & Nuryono, A. A. (2022) · IEEE International Conference on Cybernetics and Computational Intelligence (CyberneticsCom) · doi:10.1109/cyberneticscom55287.2022.9865666 · Cited by 5

Novel Hybrid Iterative Learning–Fractional Predicative PI Controller for Time-Delay Systems

Devan, P. A. M., Hussin, F. A., Ibrahim, R., Nagarajapandian, M., & Assaad, M. M. (2022) · Studies in Infrastructure and Control · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-3501-5_7 · Cited by 5

An Alternative Nonlinear Lyapunov Redesign Velocity Controller for an Electrohydraulic Drive

Mintsa, H. A., Eny, G. E., Senouveau, N., Kenné, J., & Nzué, R. M. A. (2023) · Journal of Robotics and Control (JRC) · doi:10.18196/jrc.v4i2.17340 · Cited by 5

A graphical technique of controller design and selection of lower and upper bounds in controller design using optimization techniques

Ahamad, N., Chhetri, A., Saklani, M., Bajaj, M., Kotb, H., Khan, B., & Sikander, A. (2023) · IET Control Theory and Applications · doi:10.1049/cth2.12504 · Cited by 5

Dependency-Aware Resource Allocation for Serverless Functions at the Edge

Baresi, L., Quattrocchi, G., & Ticongolo, I. G. (2023) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-48421-6_24 · Cited by 5

Optimal Fractional Order Controller Design for a DC Buck Converter

Silas, M., & Bhusnur, S. (2024) · Evergreen · doi:10.5109/7183378 · Cited by 5

Robust dynamic output feedback predictive fault‐tolerant control for discrete uncertain systems

Wang, S., Li, H., Li, H., Shi, H., Sun, Q., & Li, P. (2024) · Optimal Control Applications and Methods · doi:10.1002/oca.3186 · Cited by 5

Frequency analysis of a discrete-time fast nonlinear tracking differentiator algorithm based on isochronic region method

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Finite-time PID control for nonlinear nonaffine systems

Liu, Z., Chi, R., Huang, B., & Hou, Z. (2024) · Science China Information Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11432-023-4018-5 · Cited by 5

Evaluation of 5G-based closed-loop control on part quality for milling processes

Mertes, J., Schmitz, M., Lindenschmitt, D., Schellenberger, C., Klar, M., Ravani, B., Schotten, H. D., & Aurich, J. C. (2024) · Digital engineering. · doi:10.1016/j.dte.2024.100024 · Cited by 5

Long-Term Stability Improvement of Opto-Electronic Oscillators via Laser Driver Current Control

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Design and implementation of an independent-drive bionic dragonfly robot

Cheng, D., Yang, Z. X., Chen, G., Xu, H., Liao, L., & Chen, W. R. (2025) · Bioinspiration & Biomimetics · doi:10.1088/1748-3190/adb5e4 · Cited by 5

Cascade explicit tube model predictive controller: application for a multi-robot system

Soleimani, E., Nikoofard, A., & Nejabat, E. (2025) · Control Theory and Technology · doi:10.1007/s11768-025-00244-y · Cited by 5

An Anti-Latency Intelligent Control for 5G Wireless Networks Based on End-Edge-Cloud Collaboration

Chai, T., Xing, F., Zheng, R., Jia, Y., & Song, Y. (2025) · IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications · doi:10.1109/jsac.2025.3574593 · Cited by 5

Optimal Fault Tolerant Error Governor for PID Controllers

Cavanini, L., Ferracuti, F., Longhi, S., & Monteriù, A. (2022) · International Journal of Control Automation and Systems · doi:10.1007/s12555-020-0544-0 · Cited by 5

Energy management for hybrid electric vehicles using rule based strategy and PI control tuned by particle swarming optimization algorithm

Al-Flehawee, M., & Al-Mayyahi, A. (2022) · International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems/International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering · doi:10.11591/ijece.v12i6.pp5938-5949 · Cited by 5

A Fast Calibration Method for Sensors of Atmospheric Detection System

Chen, A., Li, D., Zheng, D., Li, Z., & Na, R. (2022) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app122211733 · Cited by 5

Tuning of PIDD2 controllers for oscillatory systems with time delays

Hu, X., Guolian, H., & Wen, T. (2023) · Frontiers in Control Engineering · doi:10.3389/fcteg.2022.1083419 · Cited by 5

Three‐time scale multi‐objective optimal PID control with filter design

Aafaque, M., Boker, A., & Sardahi, Y. (2023) · Asian Journal of Control · doi:10.1002/asjc.3060 · Cited by 5

Stability Analysis and Quantitative Tuning of Modified Uncertainty and Disturbance Estimator-Based Control for a Class of Time-Delay Processes

Chen, Z., Hao, Y.-S., Su, Z., Ren, B., & Sun, L. N. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering · doi:10.1109/tase.2023.3329772 · Cited by 5

Humanoid Walking Control Using LQR and ANFIS

Auzan, M., Lelono, D., & Dharmawan, A. (2023) · Journal of Robotics and Control (JRC) · doi:10.18196/jrc.v4i4.16444 · Cited by 5

Optimized Design of EdgeBoard Intelligent Vehicle Based on PP-YOLOE+

Yao, C., Liu, X., Wang, J., & Cheng, Y. (2024) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s24103180 · Cited by 5

Bringing heatwaves into the lab: A low‐cost, open‐source, and automated system to simulate realistic warming events in an experimental setting

Ritger, A. L., & Hofmann, G. E. (2024) · Limnology and Oceanography Methods · doi:10.1002/lom3.10663 · Cited by 4

Adaptive Dynamic Surface Control of Epileptor Model Based on Nonlinear Luenberger State Observer

Dolatabadi, M. K., Kamali, M., & Shayegh, F. (2025) · International Journal of Neural Systems · doi:10.1142/s0129065725500224 · Cited by 4

Quadcopter with Fuzzy Logic based Self-Tuning PID Controller

Bhuvaneswary, N., Reddy, B., Reddy, K., Vardhan, M. V., Kumar, K. J., & Reddy, M. A. V. (2025) · International Conference Trends Material Science and Inventive Materials · doi:10.1109/ictmim65579.2025.10988349 · Cited by 4

Reinforcement Learning Applications in Unmanned Underwater Vehicles: A Review

Tian, Z., Deng, S., Wu, Z., & Zhou, C. (2025) · Journal of Marine Science and Application · doi:10.1007/s11804-025-00723-3 · Cited by 5

Predicting transfer learning suitability in ANN-based control of FOPDT industrial processes

Comas, P., Morell, A., Vilanova, R., & Vicario, J. L. (2025) · Journal of Process Control · doi:10.1016/j.jprocont.2025.103476 · Cited by 4

IRIME-MFuzzyN-PID: a novel method for MIMO temperature control system

Yan, C., Zhang, H., Chang, X., Gao, P., Fan, Q., & Fu, L. (2025) · Measurement · doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2025.118352 · Cited by 4

Model predictive control of a one-dimensional methane reforming solid oxide fuel cell system based on Modelica/SIMULINK co-simulation

Xia, L., Zhang, M., Han, M., & Sun, L. N. (2025) · Renewable Energy · doi:10.1016/j.renene.2025.123954 · Cited by 4

A comparative study of drones path planning and bezier curve optimization based on multi-strategy search algorithm

Xu, G. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0326633 · Cited by 4

Control system design and simulation of HPR1000

Xiao, L., Zhang, X., Wei, Y., Zheng, K., Sun, P., & WEI, X. (2025) · Nuclear Engineering and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.net.2025.103930 · Cited by 4

Metaheuristic Optimization of PID Controllers: Methods, Applications, and Trends

Wang, S., Rajendran, P., Wang, J., Marimuthu, S., Raja, V., & Wong, K. (2026) · Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering · doi:10.1007/s11831-026-10492-z · Cited by 8

Smart industrial robots in the transition from automation to human-centric sustainable systems: a comprehensive review of technologies, challenges, and future directions

Slamani, M., Louhichi, B., Arslane, M., & Alawad, M. A. (2026) · The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology · doi:10.1007/s00170-026-17413-1 · Cited by 6

Artificial intelligence based learning methods for the automatic tuning of fixed-parameter MIMO PID controllers for industrial applications: A review and comparison

van Niekerk, J. A., le Roux, J. D., & Craig, I. K. (2026) · Control Engineering Practice · doi:10.1016/j.conengprac.2026.106847 · Cited by 4

Optimising complex systems: model predictive control in engineering applications

Ofoegbu, E. O., & Adeleke, K. M. (2026) · Journal of Engineering and Applied Science · doi:10.1186/s44147-026-00969-w · Cited by 5

A new controllable weak recycling inflow turbulence generator for evaluating wind effects on building in LES

Wang, J., Li, C., Chen, L., Zhou, S., Hu, G., & Ou, J. (2024) · Engineering Structures · doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2024.118742 · Cited by 4

Design of an FPGA-Based Controller for Fast Scanning Probe Microscopy

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Scheduled Sampling Training Framework for ANN-Based PID Control

Comas, P., Vicario, J. L., Morell, A., & Vilanova, R. (2024) · IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA) · doi:10.1109/etfa61755.2024.10710958 · Cited by 4

General PID tuning rules for stable second-order plus dead time processes: a model-based approach

Tavakoli, S., Safaei, M., & Tavakoli, M. (2025) · International Journal of Dynamics and Control · doi:10.1007/s40435-024-01553-x · Cited by 4

The influence mechanism of transmission stiffness on mechanical resonance of aircraft rudder servo system

Xu, Z., Tang, D., Xu, D., Li, F., & Fu, Y. (2025) · Journal of Physics Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2955/1/012015 · Cited by 4

Optimization of pH Controller Performance for Industrial Cooling Towers via the PSO–MANFIS Hybrid Algorithm

Al-Najari, B. M. A., & Wali, W. A. (2025) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en18051232 · Cited by 4

Leveraging Digital Twin for operational resilience in the oil and gas industry

Mazzuto, G., Pietrangeli, I., Ortenzi, M., Ciarapica, F. E., & Bevilacqua, M. (2025) · Array · doi:10.1016/j.array.2025.100443 · Cited by 7

A PDEM-based synchronous iterative algorithm for random vibration analysis of high-speed maglev train-bridge system

Mao, J., Li, Z., Li, D., Yu, Z., Guo, W., Khan, M., & Wang, X. (2025) · Journal of Sound and Vibration · doi:10.1016/j.jsv.2025.119541 · Cited by 4

Speed Control of a DC Motor Using Hybrid Metaheuristic-Tuned 2-DOF PID Controller

Khanduja, N. (2025) · SN Computer Science · doi:10.1007/s42979-025-04528-7 · Cited by 4

DC MOTOR FUZZY MODEL BASED OPTIMAL CONTROLLER

Perduková, D., Fedor, P., & Lacko, M. (2021) · MM Science Journal · doi:10.17973/mmsj.2021_10_2021033 · Cited by 4

Adaptive sliding mode control for tunnel boring machine cutterhead telescopic system with uncertainties

Zhang, H., Fang, J., Wei, J., Yu, H., & Zhang, Q. (2022) · Industrial Robot the international journal of robotics research and application · doi:10.1108/ir-04-2022-0096 · Cited by 4

OCTUNE: Optimal Control Tuning Using Real-Time Data with Algorithm and Experimental Results

Abdelkader, M., Mabrok, M. A., & Koubâa, A. (2022) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s22239240 · Cited by 4

Optimization of Grade Transitions in Bulk Poly(propylene) Polymerizations

Silva, J. S., Melo, P. A., & Pinto, J. C. (2023) · Macromolecular Reaction Engineering · doi:10.1002/mren.202300001 · Cited by 4

Metaheuristics of the Artificial Bee Colony Used for Optimizing a PID Dahlin in Arm Platform

Cevallos, J., Gárate, J., & Montalvo, W. (2023) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-30592-4_18 · Cited by 4

Data-Driven Fractional-Order PID Controller Tuning for Liquid Slosh Suppression Using Marine Predators Algorithm

Tumari, M. Z. M., Ahmad, M. A., Suid, M. H., Ghazali, M. R., & Saat, S. (2023) · Traitement du signal · doi:10.18280/ts.400305 · Cited by 4

Simulation of AI-Based PID Controllers on DC Machines Using the MATLAB Application

Mauludin, M. S., Nugroho, A. S., Hidayat, A., & Prasetyo, S. D. (2024) · Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés · doi:10.18280/jesa.570127 · Cited by 4

Design and experimental evaluation of a data‐driven PID controller using cerebellar memory

Li, Z., Hiraoka, K., & Yamamoto, T. (2024) · IET Control Theory and Applications · doi:10.1049/cth2.12694 · Cited by 4

Comparative Evaluation of PID Controller Tuning through Conventional and Genetic Algorithm

Abougarair, A. J., Oun, A. A., & Alkaber, I. (2024) · IEEE International Maghreb Meeting of the Conference on Sciences and Techniques of Automatic Control and Computer Engineering (MI-STA) · doi:10.1109/mi-sta61267.2024.10599722 · Cited by 4

Comparative analysis of proportional, proportional–integral, and proportional–integral–derivative controllers for thermal regulation in a cylindrical cooling system with multiple O-Ring heat sources

Chanda, S., Ratul, M. M. H., Tasnim, M. N., Moni, M., Suvro, S. D., & Saha, S. (2024) · Physics of Fluids · doi:10.1063/5.0222746 · Cited by 4

Computation of All Robustly Stabilizing PID Controllers Based on H-∞ Robust Stability Condition

Menak, R., & Tan, N. (2024) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2024.3461315 · Cited by 4

Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm Based Fuzzy PID Controller Design for Speed Tracking Control of Separately Excited DC Motor

Wubu, D. A., Salau, A. O., & Alitasb, G. K. (2024) · Advanced Control for Applications · doi:10.1002/adc2.237 · Cited by 4

Random Exploration and Attraction of the Best in Swarm Intelligence Algorithms

Vargas, M., Cortés, D., Salinas, M. A. R., Villa‐Vargas, L. A., & Lopez, A. (2024) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app142311116 · Cited by 5

Conventional Control Strategies in Building Energy Management

Mahrouch, H., Haidi, T., Derri, M., Hbiak, I., Mellouli, E. M., & Mbarki, F. E. (2025) · E3S Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202560100108 · Cited by 4

Attainment Regions in Feature-Parameter Space for High-Level Debugging in Autonomous Robots

Smith, S. C., & Ramamoorthy, S. (2021) · IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) · doi:10.1109/iros51168.2021.9636336 · Cited by 4

ALGORITHM FOR SELF-TUNING THE PID CONTROLLER

Cojuhari, I. (2021) · Journal of Engineering Science · doi:10.52326/jes.utm.2021.28(4).06 · Cited by 4

Optimal Fractional‐Order Proportion Integration Differentiation Control of Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer for Offshore Wind Power Hydrogen Production System

Fan, T., Wei, W., Jin, M., Sun, X., Wang, Q., & Luo, Q. (2023) · Energy Technology · doi:10.1002/ente.202300100 · Cited by 4

Double Loop Controller of Four Mecanum-Wheel Automated Guided Vehicle using SMC-PID

Faiz, M., Sumantri, B., & Dewantara, B. S. B. (2023) · International Electronics Symposium (IES) · doi:10.1109/ies59143.2023.10242526 · Cited by 4

A Tanh Control Method for the Third Mirror’s Z Axis of Large Optical Telescope

Zhou, W., Xie, K., Qian, J., Xia, M., Pu, Y., Huang, J., & Li, X. (2023) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2023.3315118 · Cited by 4

Finite-Time Robust Flight Control of Logistic Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Using a Time-Delay Estimation Technique

Ma, J., Yu, S., Hu, W., Wu, H., Li, X., Zheng, Y., Zhang, J., & Chen, P. (2024) · Drones · doi:10.3390/drones8020058 · Cited by 4

Implementation and Comparison of Wearable Exoskeleton Arm Design with Fuzzy Logic and Machine Learning Control

Ersin, Ç., & Mustafa, Y. A. Z. (2024) · Journal of Sensors · doi:10.1155/2024/6808322 · Cited by 4

Control and physical verification of 6-DOF manipulator for power inspection robots based on expert PID algorithm

Jiang, W., Wang, X., & Liu, Z. (2024) · Frontiers in Energy Research · doi:10.3389/fenrg.2024.1367903 · Cited by 4

Mountain Gazelle Optimized PID Controller for a MIMO System with External Disturbance

Shirali, S., Maleki, H., & Delavari, H. (2024) · doi:10.1109/icee63041.2024.10668359 · Cited by 4

A differential particle scheme and its application to PID parameter tuning of an inverted pendulum

Parque, V. (2021) · Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion (GECCO Companion) · doi:10.1145/3449726.3463225 · Cited by 4

A Differential Particle Scheme with Successful Parent Selection and its Application to PID Control Tuning

Parque, V. (2021) · IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC) · doi:10.1109/cec45853.2021.9504971 · Cited by 4

Continuous interval type‐2 fuzzy Q‐learning algorithm for trajectory tracking tasks for vehicles

Xuan, C., Lam, H., Shi, Q., & Chen, M. (2022) · International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control · doi:10.1002/rnc.6056 · Cited by 4

Orexin cells efficiently decode blood glucose dynamics to drive adaptive behaviorPreprint

Viskaitis, P., Tesmer, A. L., Karnani, M., Arnold, M., Donegan, D., Bracey, E. F., Grujic, N., Peleg‐Raibstein, D., & Burdakov, D. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.04.14.488310 · Cited by 4

A comparative study on time-delay estimation for time-delay nonlinear system control

Nahri, S. N. F., Department of Electrical Engineering, F. O. E. A. T. B. E., Du, S., van Wyk, B. J., & Ajayi, O. K. (2025) · AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering · doi:10.3934/electreng.2025015 · Cited by 3

Extending Control Theory into Federated Learning Data Heterogeneity Problem

Mashaal, O., Baadel, S., & AbouZied, H. (2024) · IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Mechatronics Systems (AIMS) · doi:10.1109/aims61812.2024.10512401 · Cited by 3

Wearable Continuous Blood Pressure Monitoring Based on Pulsatile Cycle Volume Adjustment Method

Wu, P., Bai, Z., Xia, P., Xu, L., Wang, P., Chen, X., Du, L., Hei, Z., Yao, W., Li, X., et al. (2024) · Tsinghua Science & Technology · doi:10.26599/tst.2024.9010043 · Cited by 3

Adaptive Control Algorithms for Shunt Active Power Filters in Aircraft Systems

Nishad, D. K., Tiwari, A. N., & Khalid, S. (2024) · Advances in mechatronics and mechanical engineering (AMME) book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-5797-2.ch004 · Cited by 3

Optimal Tuning of Robot–Environment Interaction Controllers via Differential Evolution: A Case Study on (3,0) Mobile Robots

Paredes-Ballesteros, J. A., Villarreal-Cervantes, M. G., Benitez-Garcia, S. E., Rodríguez-Molina, A., Rojas-López, A. G., & Silva-García, V. M. (2025) · Mathematics · doi:10.3390/math13111789 · Cited by 3

Multivariable Model Predictive Control of Cleanroom Pressure Cascades

Jeremić, B. M., & Rakić, A. (2025) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics14163296 · Cited by 5

Fractional-order adaptive fuzzy decentralized tracking control for steer-by-wire system

Li, W., Wang, C., Zhao, W., Luan, Z., & Lv, L. (2025) · ISA Transactions · doi:10.1016/j.isatra.2025.08.043 · Cited by 3

Phase-Adaptive Reinforcement Learning for Self-Tuning PID Control of Cruise Missiles

Tan, C., Wang, J., Cai, H. X., Hu, S., Zhang, B., & Zhu, W. (2025) · Aerospace · doi:10.3390/aerospace12090849 · Cited by 3

Reinforcement Learning‐Based Adaptation of Grid Following Inverter's Internal Controller to Networked Microgrids' Strengths

Vu, T. L., Mukherjee, M., Singhal, A. K., Schneider, K. P., Du, W., Drigal, N., Tuffner, F., & Xie, J. (2025) · IET Smart Grid · doi:10.1049/stg2.70039 · Cited by 3

Enhanced artificial satellite search algorithm with memory and evolutionary operator for PID controller parameter estimation

Issa, M. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-24760-8 · Cited by 3

Designing an Optimal PID Controller for a Gas Turbine System Using Reinforcement Learning

Davatgar, A. M., & Mojallali, H. (2025) · International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems · doi:10.1155/etep/1376194 · Cited by 3

Optimization of five-level cascaded H-bridge inverter for harmonic suppression and voltage regulation in microgrids with renewable energy integration

Rahman, M. S., Mansur, A. A., Rahman, S. F., Rahman, M. A., Islam, M. I., Jadin, M. S., & Ustun, T. S. (2026) · Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy · doi:10.1063/5.0302036 · Cited by 3

Extended-state Kalman filter-based economic model predictive coordinated control of supercritical cogeneration units using Gaussian process regression

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