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Cited by 127Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and SensorsAdvanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting MaterialsConducting polymers and applications

Self-Healing, Self-Adhesive and Stable Organohydrogel-Based Stretchable Oxygen Sensor with High Performance at Room Temperature

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Liang, Yuning, Wu, Zixuan, Wei, Yaoming, Ding, Qiongling, Zilberman, Meital, Tao, Kai, Xie, Xi, Wu, Jin·2022·Nano-Micro Letters
DOI 10.1007/s40820-021-00787-0PMC PMC8800976
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Abstract

With the advent of the 5G era and the rise of the Internet of Things, various sensors have received unprecedented attention, especially wearable and stretchable sensors in the healthcare field. Here, a stretchable, self-healable, self-adhesive, and room-temperature oxygen sensor with excellent repeatability, a full concentration detection range (0-100%), low theoretical limit of detection (5.7 ppm), high sensitivity (0.2%/ppm), good linearity, excellent temperature, and humidity tolerances is fabricated by using polyacrylamide-chitosan (PAM-CS) double network (DN) organohydrogel as a novel transducing material. The PAM-CS DN organohydrogel is transformed from the PAM-CS composite hydrogel using a facile soaking and solvent replacement strategy. Compared with the pristine hydrogel, the DN organohydrogel displays greatly enhanced mechanical strength, moisture retention, freezing resistance, and sensitivity to oxygen. Notably, applying the tensile strain improves both the sensitivity and response speed of the organohydrogel-based oxygen sensor. Furthermore, the response to the same concentration of oxygen before and after self-healing is basically the same. Importantly, we propose an electrochemical reaction mechanism to explain the positive current shift of the oxygen sensor and corroborate this sensing mechanism through rationally designed experiments. The organohydrogel oxygen sensor is used to monitor human respiration in real-time, verifying the feasibility of its practical application. This work provides ideas for fabricating more stretchable, self-healable, self-adhesive, and high-performance gas sensors using ion-conducting organohydrogels.

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  • Several studies reported the direct use of hydrogel-based vapor sensors for practical applications such as smart masks, electronic skin, respiratory analysis, and wireless monitoring, demonstrating their great prospects for applications in environmental monitoring, medical health, and other fields.

    “Several studies reported the direct use of hydrogel-based vapor sensors for practical applications, such as smart masks, electronic skin, respiratory analysis, and wireless monitoring, demonstrating their great prospects for applications in environmental monitoring, medical health, and other fields”

    From Functionalized Hydrogel-Based Wearable Gas and Humidity Sensors. (2023) · cites this paper as [77]

    Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Hydrogel-based O2 sensor (PAM-CS DN) has promising application on wounds for real-time monitoring of O2 concentration and promoted wound healing owing to excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, antimicrobial properties of CS, and hydrophilic and bioinert nature of PAM.

    “This hydrogel-based O2 sensor has promising application on wounds for real-time monitoring of O2 concentration and promoted wound healing owing to the excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and antimicrobial properties of CS, and hydrophilic and bioinert nature of PAM”

    From Functionalized Hydrogel-Based Wearable Gas and Humidity Sensors. (2023) · cites this paper as [77]

    Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Liang et al. [77] prepared a room-temperature O2 sensor (in an oxygen-free environment) using a PAM-CS DN structured organohydrogel.

    “Liang et al. [77] prepared a room-temperature O2 sensor (in an oxygen-free environment) using a PAM-CS DN structured organohydrogel.”

    From Functionalized Hydrogel-Based Wearable Gas and Humidity Sensors. (2023) · cites this paper as [77]

    The Introduction and Conclusions identify a PAM–CS double-network organohydrogel O₂ sensor that operates at room temperature. The Experimental Section (Gas Sensing Characterization; page unavailable) says the chamber was purged with pure N₂ before and after O₂ was introduced, but does not say the sensor was prepared or operated exclusively in an oxygen-free environment. That qualification is unsupported. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • The PAM-CS organohydrogel sensor is capable of monitoring the full O2 concentration range with a theoretical minimum detection limit as low as 5.7 ppm, sensitivity as high as 0.2% ppm−1, and good resistance to temperature and humidity.

    “It is capable of monitoring the full O2 concentration range with a theoretical minimum detection limit as low as 5.7 ppm, sensitivity as high as 0.2% ppm−1, and good resistance to temperature and humidity.”

    From Functionalized Hydrogel-Based Wearable Gas and Humidity Sensors. (2023) · cites this paper as [77]

  • The PAM-CS organohydrogel sensor has stretchability, allowing sensing even under 100% stretching without loss of sensing performance; self-healing capability; and self-adhesive capability allowing adhesion on skin without additional binders.

    “In addition, the PAM-CS organohydrogel sensor has stretchability, which allows sensing even under 100% stretching without the loss of sensing performance (Fig. 10a1); self-healing capability, which can self-heal and compound even after being cut and restore the original response characteristics (Fig. 10a2); and self-adhesive capability, which allows the adhesion on the skin surface without the use”

    From Functionalized Hydrogel-Based Wearable Gas and Humidity Sensors. (2023) · cites this paper as [77]

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Liang, Y., Wu, Z., Wei, Y., Ding, Q., Zilberman, M., Tao, K., Xie, X., & Wu, J.
Affiliations
  • Sun Yat-sen University (CN)
  • Tel Aviv University (IL)
  • Northwestern Polytechnical University (CN)
Corresponding author
Wu, Jin
ORCID
Venue
Nano-Micro Letters
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2022-01-29
Volume
14
Issue
1
Pages
52-52
ISSN
  • 2150-5551 (ISSN-L)
  • 2311-6706
DOI
10.1007/s40820-021-00787-0
PMC
PMC8800976
OpenAlex
W4210291355
Cited by
127
References
3
Citations by year
2026: 11 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 30
FWCI
7.94
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Nano-Micro Letters (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Conducting polymers and applications
Keywords
organohydrogel, self-healing hydrogels, double-network hydrogel, room-temperature gas sensing, wearable sensors, respiratory monitoring

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