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Cited by 16Obstructive Sleep Apnea ResearchGestational Diabetes Research and ManagementPregnancy and preeclampsia studies

A Review of the Associations Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Possible Mechanisms of Disease

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Tong, Xingyi, Yang, Linzhu, Jiang, Chengyan, Weng, Zhiying, Zu, Anju, Hou, Yunjiao, Fang, Yan, Yang, Weimin +1 more·2023·Reproductive Sciences
DOI 10.1007/s43032-022-00904-3PMC PMC9810675
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Abstract

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) usually leads to the occurrence of diabetes. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common gestational complication associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Increasing studies suggest that women with OSA during pregnancy may be at a significantly greater risk of developing GDM. It is crucial to explore the association between OSA and GDM and the mechanisms underlying this association. In this review, we presented a comprehensive literature review of the following: the association between OSA and GDM, the possible mechanisms of this association, and the effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on OSA with GDM. The results showed that most authors suggested that there was an association between OSA and GDM. The intermittent hypoxemia (IH) and reduction of slow-wave sleep (SWS) may be the key to this association. IH induces the products of oxidative stress and inflammation as well as dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal, which lead to diabetes. In addition, SWS reduction in OSA enhances the inflammation by increasing the inflammatory cytokines, increases the sympathetic activation, and causes changes in leptin level, which result in the development of GDM. Additionally, whether CPAP is beneficial to GDM remains still unclear.

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  • Recent studies suggest a possible relationship between GD and OSA in the third trimester.

    “Recent studies have proposed a potential association between GD and the risk of OSA during the third trimester”

    From Diabetes gestacional y riesgo de apnea obstructiva del sueño en el tercer trimestre (2025) · cites this paper as [1]

    The Results sections on association and prevalence report an association between GDM and OSA and describe their co-occurrence in the third trimester. They do not establish that women with GDM have an increased risk of OSA specifically during the third trimester; the third-trimester figure instead describes GDM prevalence among women with severe OSA. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.82)

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References 128 · Cited by 16

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Authors
Tong, X., Yang, L., Jiang, C., Weng, Z., Zu, A., Hou, Y., Fang, Y., Yang, W., & Sun, S.
Affiliations
Kunming Medical University (CN)
Corresponding author
Sun, Shibo
ORCID
Venue
Reproductive Sciences
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2022-03-07
Volume
30
Issue
1
Pages
81-92
ISSN
  • 1933-7191 (ISSN-L)
  • 1933-7205
DOI
10.1007/s43032-022-00904-3
PMC
PMC9810675
OpenAlex
W4220684977
Cited by
16
References
128
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2
FWCI
0.41
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Reproductive Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China
  • Yunnan Provincial Department of Education
  • Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department (2019FE001)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
Keywords
obstructive sleep apnea, gestational diabetes mellitus, intermittent hypoxemia, slow-wave sleep, oxidative stress, inflammation, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, leptin, sympathetic activation, inflammatory cytokines, continuous positive airway pressure, pregnancy complications
MeSH terms
Female, Humans, Inflammation, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Risk Factors, Diabetes, Gestational, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive

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