Sleep Duration and Biomarkers of Inflammation
Open accessAbstract
INTRODUCTION: Extremes of sleep duration have been associated with adverse health outcomes. The mechanism is unclear but may be related to increased inflammation. We sought to assess the association between sleep duration and inflammatory biomarkers. METHODS: A total of 614 individuals from the Cleveland Family Study completed questionnaires about sleep habits and underwent polysomnography. A morning fasting blood sample was assayed for 5 inflammatory cytokines. RESULTS: In this cohort, mean (SD) habitual sleep duration based on self-report was 7.6 (1.6) h and mean sleep duration by polysomnography (PSG) on the night prior to blood sampling was 6.2 (1.3) h. After adjusting for obesity and apnea severity, each additional hour of habitual sleep duration was associated with an 8% increase in C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (P=0.004) and 7% increase in interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels (P=0.0003). These associations were independent of self-reported sleepiness. In contrast, PSG sleep duration was inversely associated with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa) levels. For each hour reduction in sleep, TNFalpha levels increased by 8% on average (P=0.02). Sleep duration was not associated with IL-1 or IL-10. CONCLUSIONS: Increases in habitual sleep durations are associated with elevations in CRP and IL-6 while reduced PSG sleep duration is associated with elevated TNFa levels. Activation of pro-inflammatory pathways may represent a mechanism by which extreme sleep habits affect health.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The longer sleep duration-mortality relationship is thought to be due to residual confounders such as uncontrolled comorbidities and illness-related longer sleep duration in the last months of life.
“It is thought to be due to residual confounders, such as uncontrolled comorbidities (429), illness-related longer sleep duration in the last months of life (537), among many other factors”
From The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease (2019) · cites this paper as [429]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
A New Method for Measuring Daytime Sleepiness: The Epworth Sleepiness Scale
Johns, M. W. (1991) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/14.6.540 · Cited by 17,364 · see citing works
Inflammation, aspirin, and the risk of cardiovascular disease in apparently healthy men
Ridker, P. M., Cushman, M., Stampfer, M. J., Tracy, R. P., & Hennekens, C. H. (1997) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199704033361401 · Cited by 5,504 · see citing works
Self-citationC-Reactive Protein, Interleukin 6, and Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Pradhan, A. D. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.286.3.327 · Cited by 4,433 · see citing works
Taheri, S., Lin, L., Austin, D., Young, T., & Mignot, E. (2004) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0010062 · Cited by 2,477 · see citing works
Ridker, P. M., Rifai, N., Stampfer, M. J., & Hennekens, C. H. (2000) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.101.15.1767 · Cited by 2,429 · see citing works
Mortality Associated With Sleep Duration and Insomnia
Kripke, D. F., Garfinkel, L., Wingard, D. L., Klauber, M. R., & Marler, M. R. (2002) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.59.2.131 · Cited by 1,614 · see citing works
Effect of sleep loss on C-reactive protein, an inflammatory marker of cardiovascular risk
Meier-Ewert, H. K., Ridker, P. M., Rifai, N., Regan, M. M., Price, N. J., Dinges, D. F., & Mullington, J. M. (2004) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2003.07.050 · Cited by 1,195 · see citing works
A Prospective Study of Sleep Duration and Coronary Heart Disease in Women
Ayas, N. T., White, D. P., Manson, J. E., Stampfer, M. J., Speizer, F. E., Malhotra, A., & Hu, F. B. (2003) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.163.2.205 · Cited by 1,155 · see citing works
Adverse Effects of Modest Sleep Restriction on Sleepiness, Performance, and Inflammatory Cytokines
Vgontzas, A. N., Zoumakis, E., Bixler, E. O., Lin, H.-M., Follett, H., Kales, A., & Chrousos, G. P. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2003-031562 · Cited by 1,050 · see citing works
Vgontzas, A. N., Papanicolaou, D. A., Bixler, E. O., Kales, A., Tyson, K., & Chrousos, G. P. (1997) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.82.5.3950 · Cited by 974 · see citing works
A prospective study of self-reported sleep duration and incident diabetes in women
Ayas, N. T., White, D. P., Al-Delaimy, W. K., Manson, J. E., Stampfer, M. J., Speizer, F. E., Patel, S., & Hu, F. B. (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.2.380 · Cited by 883 · see citing works
Self-citationSleep Deprivation and Activation of Morning Levels of Cellular and Genomic Markers of Inflammation
Irwin, M. R. (2006) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.166.16.1756 · Cited by 850 · see citing works
A Prospective Study of Sleep Duration and Mortality Risk in Women
Patel, S. R., Ayas, N. T., Malhotra, M. R., White, D. P., Schernhammer, E. S., Speizer, F. E., Stampfer, M. J., & Hu, F. B. (2004) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/27.3.440 · Cited by 663 · see citing works
Self-citationHaack, M., Sanchez, E., & Mullington, J. M. (2007) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/30.9.1145 · Cited by 615 · see citing works
Methods for Obtaining and Analyzing Unattended Polysomnography Data for a Multicenter Study
Redline, S. S., SANDERS, M. H., Lind, B. K., Quan, S. F., Iber, C., Gottlieb, D. J., BONEKAT, W. H., Rapoport, D. M., Smith, P. L., & Kiley, J. P. (1998) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/21.7.759 · Cited by 534 · see citing works
Self-citationChaput, J., Després, J., Bouchard, C., & Tremblay, A. (2007) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2007.512 · Cited by 498 · see citing works
The Familial Aggregation of Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Redline, S., Tishler, P. V., Tosteson, T. D., Williamson, J., Kump, K., Browner, I., Ferrette, V., & Krejci, P. (1995) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm/151.3_pt_1.682 · Cited by 473 · see citing works
Self-citationShearer, W. T., Reuben, J. M., Mullington, J. M., Price, N. J., Lee, B.-N., Smith, E. O., Szuba, M. P., Van Dongen, H. P. A., & Dinges, D. F. (2001) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1067/mai.2001.112270 · Cited by 455 · see citing works
The effects of 40 hours of total sleep deprivation on inflammatory markers in healthy young adults
Frey, D. J., Fleshner, M., & Wright, K. P. (2007) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2007.04.003 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Vgontzas, A. N., Zoumakis, M., Papanicolaou, D. A., Bixler, E. O., Prolo, P., Lin, H.-M., Vela-Bueno, A., Kales, A., & Chrousos, G. P. (2002) · Metabolism · doi:10.1053/meta.2002.33357 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
A Whole-Genome Scan for Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Obesity
Palmer, L. J., Buxbaum, S. G., Larkin, E. K., Patel, S. R., Elston, R. C., Tishler, P. V., & Redline, S. S. (2003) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/346064 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Self-citationTaheri, S., Austin, D., Lin, L., Nieto, F. J., Young, T., & Mignot, E. (2007) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/30.8.991 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Williams, C. J., Hu, F. B., Patel, S. R., & Mantzoros, C. S. (2007) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc06-2107 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Self-citationGenetics of the apnea hypopnea index in Caucasians and African Americans: I. Segregation analysis
Buxbaum, S. G., Elston, R. C., Tishler, P. V., & Redline, S. S. (2002) · Genetic Epidemiology · doi:10.1002/gepi.0170 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [17]Rechtschaffen A, Kales A. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office; 1968. A manual of standardized terminology, techniques and scoring system for sleep stages of human subjects. [Google Scholar]
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Irwin, M. R., Olmstead, R., & Carroll, J. E. (2016) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.05.014 · Cited by 2,085 · see citing works
A Systematic Review Assessing Bidirectionality between Sleep Disturbances, Anxiety, and Depression
Alvaro, P. K., Roberts, R. M., & Harris, J. K. (2013) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep.2810 · Cited by 1,573 · see citing works
The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease
Besedovsky, L., Lange, T., & Haack, M. (2019) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00010.2018 · Cited by 1,479 · see citing works
So depression is an inflammatory disease, but where does the inflammation come from?
Berk, M., Williams, L. J., Jacka, F. N., O’Neil, A., Pasco, J. A., Moylan, S., Allen, N. B., Stuart, A. L., Hayley, A. C., Byrne, M. L., et al. (2013) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/1741-7015-11-200 · Cited by 1,423 · see citing works
Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective
Irwin, M. R. (2015) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115205 · Cited by 1,325 · see citing works
“To further complicate these observations, the effects of sleep duration might depend on the proinflammatory cytokine; Patel et al. (2009) found that each additional hour of sleep duration resulted in an increase in CRP and an increase in IL-6, whereas a shorter sleep duration was associated with an…”
BackgroundPanel, C. C., Watson, N. F., Badr, M. S., Belenky, G., Bliwise, D. L., Buxton, O. M., Buysse, D., Dinges, D. F., Gangwisch, J., Grandner, M. A., et al. (2015) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep.4886 · Cited by 906 · see citing works
Self-citationGrandner, M. A. (2017) · Sleep Medicine Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2016.10.012 · Cited by 720 · see citing works
Sleep health: Reciprocal regulation of sleep and innate immunity
Irwin, M. R., & Opp, M. R. (2017) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2016.148 · Cited by 624 · see citing works
Annual Research Review: Suicide among youth – epidemiology, (potential) etiology, and treatment
Cha, C. B., Franz, P. J., M. Guzmán, E., Glenn, C. R., Kleiman, E. M., & Nock, M. K. (2018) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12831 · Cited by 602 · see citing works
Watson, N. F., Badr, M. S., Belenky, G., Bliwise, D. L., Buxton, O. M., Buysse, D., Dinges, D. F., Gangwisch, J., Grandner, M. A., Kushida, C., et al. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.4950 · Cited by 568 · see citing works
Self-citationAssociation between sleep duration and cognitive decline
Ma, Y., Liang, L., Zheng, F., Shi, L., Zhong, B., & Xie, W. (2020) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13573 · Cited by 535 · see citing works
Mullington, J. M., Simpson, N. S., Meier-Ewert, H. K., & Haack, M. (2010) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.beem.2010.08.014 · Cited by 519 · see citing works
Grandner, M. A., Chakravorty, S., Perlis, M. L., Oliver, L., & Gurubhagavatula, I. (2014) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2013.09.012 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
“Sleep loss is associated with a proinflammatory state [96], with noted elevations in a number of proinflammatory biomarkers such as IL-6 [97–103] and tumor necrosis factor [36,97,98, 100,104–106].”
Irwin, M. R., Olmstead, R., Carrillo, C., Sadeghi, N., Breen, E. C., Witarama, T., Yokomizo, M., Lavretsky, H., Carroll, J. E., Motivala, S. J., et al. (2014) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep.4008 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Grandner, M. A., Patel, N. P., Gehrman, P. R., Perlis, M. L., & Pack, A. I. (2010) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2009.08.001 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Role of interleukin-6 in stress, sleep, and fatigue
Rohleder, N., Aringer, M., & Boentert, M. (2012) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06634.x · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Sleep duration, cardiovascular disease, and proinflammatory biomarkers
Grandner, M., Sands-Lincoln, Pak, & Garland (2013) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s31063 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Sleep duration and risk of fatal and nonfatal stroke: A prospective study and meta-analysis
Leng, Y., Cappuccio, F. P., Wainwright, N. W. J., Surtees, P. G., Luben, R., Brayne, C., & Khaw, K.-T. (2015) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000001371 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Obstructive sleep apnea, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases
Gonzaga, C., Bertolami, A., Bertolami, M., Amodeo, C., & Calhoun, D. (2015) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/jhh.2015.15 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Ferrie, J. E., Kivimaki, M., Akbaraly, T. N., Singh-Manoux, A., Miller, M. A., Gimeno, D., Kumari, M., Davey Smith, G., & Shipley, M. J. (2013) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwt072 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Sleep duration and all-cause mortality: a critical review of measurement and associations
Kurina, L. M., McClintock, M. K., Chen, J.-H., Waite, L. J., Thisted, R. A., & Lauderdale, D. S. (2013) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.03.015 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
A prospective study of sleep duration and pneumonia risk in women
Patel, S. R., Malhotra, A., Gao, X., Hu, F. B., Neuman, M. I., & Fawzi, W. W. (2012) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep.1594 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Self-citationPrather, A. A., Vogelzangs, N., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2015) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.09.018 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Glozier, N., Martiniuk, A., Patton, G., Ivers, R., Li, Q., Hickie, I., Senserrick, T., Woodward, M., Norton, R., & Stevenson, M. (2010) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/33.9.1139 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Extreme sleep durations and increased C-reactive protein: effects of sex and ethnoracial group
Grandner, M. A., Buxton, O. M., Jackson, N., Sands-Lincoln, M., Pandey, A., & Jean-Louis, G. (2013) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.2646 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
CLOCK genetic variation and metabolic syndrome risk: modulation by monounsaturated fatty acids
Garaulet, M., Lee, Y.-C., Shen, J., Parnell, L. D., Arnett, D. K., Tsai, M. Y., Lai, C.-Q., & Ordovas, J. M. (2009) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.27536 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Jean-Louis, G., Williams, N. J., Sarpong, D., Pandey, A., Youngstedt, S., Zizi, F., & Ogedegbe, G. (2014) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-290 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Hall, M. H., Smagula, S. F., Boudreau, R. M., Ayonayon, H. N., Goldman, S. E., Harris, T. B., Naydeck, B. L., Rubin, S. M., Samuelsson, L., Satterfield, S., et al. (2015) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep.4394 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Sleep duration and incidence of colorectal cancer in postmenopausal women
Jiao, L., Duan, Z., Sangi-Haghpeykar, H., Hale, L., White, D. L., & El-Serag, H. B. (2013) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/bjc.2012.561 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Sleep deprivation and obesity in adults: A brief narrative review
Cooper, C. B., Neufeld, E. V., Dolezal, B. A., & Martin, J. L. (2018) · BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine · doi:10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000392 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Chen, H.-Y., Cheng, I.-C., Pan, Y.-J., Chiu, Y.-L., Hsu, S.-P., Pai, M.-F., Yang, J.-Y., Peng, Y.-S., Tsai, T.-J., & Wu, K.-D. (2011) · Kidney International · doi:10.1038/ki.2011.151 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Li, W., Wang, D., Cao, S., Yin, X., Gong, Y., Gan, Y., Zhou, Y., & Lu, Z. (2016) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.08.302 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Tobaldini, E., Cogliati, C., Fiorelli, E. M., Nunziata, V., Wu, M. A., Prado, M., Bevilacqua, M., Trabattoni, D., Porta, A., & Montano, N. (2013) · European Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2013.03.011 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Mongrain, V., La Spada, F., Curie, T., & Franken, P. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026622 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Smagula, S. F., Stone, K. L., Redline, S., Ancoli-Israel, S., Barrett-Connor, E., Lane, N. E., Orwoll, E. S., & Cauley, J. A. (2016) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000312 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Self-citationSleep duration and circulating adipokine levels
Hayes, A. L., Xu, F., Babineau, D., & Patel, S. R. (2011) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/34.2.147 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Self-citationSleep disturbance, personality and the onset of depression and anxiety: Prospective cohort study
Batterham, P. J., Glozier, N., & Christensen, H. (2012) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867412457997 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Axelsson, J., Rehman, J.-U., Akerstedt, T., Ekman, R., Miller, G. E., Höglund, C. O., & Lekander, M. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0082291 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Cytokine levels in euthymic bipolar patients
Guloksuz, S., Aktas Cetin, E., Cetin, T., Deniz, G., Oral, E. T., & Nutt, D. J. (2010) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2010.04.027 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Prather, A. A., Epel, E. S., Cohen, B. E., Neylan, T. C., & Whooley, M. A. (2013) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.05.004 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Okun, M. L., Luther, J. F., Wisniewski, S. R., & Wisner, K. L. (2013) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e31829cc3e7 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Gao, C., Guo, J., Gong, T.-T., Lv, J.-L., Li, X.-Y., Liu, F.-H., Zhang, M., Shan, Y.-T., Zhao, Y.-H., & Wu, Q.-J. (2022) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.813943 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Daytime napping, sleep duration and serum C reactive protein: a population-based cohort study
Leng, Y., Ahmadi-Abhari, S., Wainwright, N. W. J., Cappuccio, F. P., Surtees, P. G., Luben, R., Brayne, C., & Khaw, K.-T. (2014) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006071 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Incidence of Myocardial Infarction With Shifts to and From Daylight Savings Time
Jiddou, M. R., Pica, M., Boura, J., Qu, L., & Franklin, B. A. (2013) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2012.11.010 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Waking Up to the Importance of Sleep in Type 2 Diabetes Management: A Narrative Review.
Henson, J., Covenant, A., Hall, A. P., Herring, L., Rowlands, A. V., Yates, T., & Davies, M. J. (2024) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci23-0037 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Habitual Sleep Duration and All-Cause Mortality in a General Community Sample
Aurora, R. N., Kim, J. S., Crainiceanu, C., O'Hearn, D., & Punjabi, N. M. (2016) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep.6212 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Dimitrov, S., Besedovsky, L., Born, J., & Lange, T. (2015) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2014.11.017 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Izci-Balserak, B., & Pien, G. W. (2014) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-013-0459-8 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Wynchank, D., ten Have, M., Bijlenga, D., Penninx, B. W., Beekman, A. T., Lamers, F., de Graaf, R., & Kooij, J. J. S. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.6976 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
The interactive effects of nocturnal sleep and daytime naps in relation to serum C-reactive protein
Mantua, J., & Spencer, R. M. C. (2015) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2015.06.014 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Lu, Y., Sugawara, Y., Zhang, S., Tomata, Y., & Tsuji, I. (2018) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsy143 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
- Authors
- Patel, S. R., Zhu, X., Storfer-Isser, A., Mehra, R., Jenny, N. S., Tracy, R., & Redline, S.
- Affiliations
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center (US)
- Case Western Reserve University (US)
- University of Vermont (US)
- Corresponding author
- Patel, Sanjay R.
- Venue
- Sleep
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2009-02
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 200-204
- ISSN
- 0161-8105 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-9109
- PMC
- PMC2635584
- OpenAlex
- W199951756
- Cited by
- 615
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 67 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 53 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 42 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 23.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- SLEEP (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5kl2rr024990-05)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL 081385, R01HL046380, HL046380, K08HL081385)
- National Cancer Institute (U54CA116867, CA116867)
- National Center for Research Resources (KL2-RR-024990, RR024990)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- sleep duration, inflammation, inflammatory markers, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, TNF-α, interleukin-1, IL-10, cytokines, self-reported sleep, sleepiness, obesity, sleep apnea, pro-inflammatory pathways
- MeSH terms
- Adult, C-Reactive Protein, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Disorders of Excessive Somnolence, Interleukin-1, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Phenotype, Sleep Deprivation, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Cohort Studies, Interleukin-6, Interleukin-10, Polysomnography, Inflammation Mediators, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
