Cited by 190Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesDental Anxiety and Anesthesia TechniquesMemory and Neural Mechanisms

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Acquisition of blood and injection phobia and anxiety response patterns in clinical patients

Öst, Lars-Göran·1991·Behaviour Research and Therapy

DOI 10.1016/0005-7967(91)90067-d

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Abstract

The ways in which blood phobics (N = 81) and injection phobics (N = 56) had acquired their phobias were retrospectively investigated. The patients were required to answer a questionnaire concerning: (a) the origin of the phobia, with items relevant for conditioning experiences, vicarious experiences and experiences of negative information/instruction; (b) physiological reactions; (c) anticipatory anxiety; and (d) negative thoughts while in the phobic situation. In addition background data on marital and occupational status, family history of phobia, fainting history, and severity of the phobia were obtained. Furthermore, the patients' behavioral, physiological, and cognitive-subjective reactions during the behavioral test were assessed. The results showed that a majority (52%) of the patients attributed the onset of their phobias to conditioning experiences, while 24% recalled vicarious experiences, 7% instruction/information and 17% could not remember any specific onset circumstances. There was no significant relationship between ways of acquisition and anxiety components, nor did conditioning and indirectly acquired phobias differ in severity.

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Authors: Öst, L.-G.
Affiliations: Uppsala University (SE)
Corresponding author: Öst, Lars-Göran
ORCID: Öst, Lars-Göran
Venue: Behaviour Research and Therapy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1991
Volume: 29
Issue: 4
Pages: 323-332
ISSN: 0005-7967 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/0005-7967(91)90067-d
OpenAlex: W1990408770
Cited by: 190
References: 55
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 5
FWCI: 12.68
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Behaviour Research and Therapy (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Health Sciences › Dentistry › Oral Surgery › Dental Anxiety and Anesthesia Techniques
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Keywords: blood phobia, injection phobia, observational learning, anticipatory anxiety, negative thinking
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety, Arousal, Blood, Conditioning, Classical, Desensitization, Psychologic, Female, Humans, Injections, Male, Middle Aged, Phobic Disorders, Retrospective Studies

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Acquisition of blood and injection phobia and anxiety response patterns in clinical patients

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