The DOI matches its Crossref record; 41 of the 41 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
One versus five sessions of applied tension in the treatment of blood phobia
Abstract
Thirty patients with blood phobia, fulfilling the DSM-III-R criteria for simple phobia, were assessed with behavioral, physiological and self-report measures. They were randomly assigned to 3 different conditions: (1) 5 sessions of applied tension; (2) 1 session of applied tension (maximum 2 h); and (3) I session of tension-only (maximum 2 h). The results showed that the patients in the 3 treatments were all significantly improved at post-treatment and the effects were maintained at the 1 yr follow-up. At post-treatment and follow-up the proportions of clinically improved patients were: AT5 50 and 60%, AT1 0 and 70%, and T1 30 and 60%, respectively. The conclusion that can be drawn is that I-session therapist-directed applied tension or tension-only is the treatment of choice for blood phobia, but completed with a maintenance program of self-exposure.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“However, current evidence concerning the optimal number of therapy sessions is heterogeneous and does not allow for peremptory conclusions (23, 79).”
From Combined Fainting and Psychogenic Non-epileptic Seizures as Significant Therapy Hurdles in Blood-Injury-Injection Phobia: A Mini-Review and Case Report (2022) · cites this paper as [79]
In the citing paper
“Most importantly, there are no differences in effectiveness of the technique between patients who faint (defined by an initial exposure test; Hellström et al., 1996) and those who do not, although the rationale holds that its key effects should unfold when presyncopal symptoms or BP drops set in.”
From The psychophysiology of blood-injection-injury phobia: Looking beyond the diphasic response paradigm (2010) · cites this paper as Hellström et al., 1996
In the citing paper
“The treatment also seems to work, despite its rationale, for patients that do not have a tendency to faint.”
From The psychophysiology of blood-injection-injury phobia: Looking beyond the diphasic response paradigm (2010) · cites this paper as Hellström et al., 1996
In the citing paper
“The observations that (i) fainting status was not related to success of treatment of BII-phobia patients with applied tension (Hellström et al., 1996) and/or other treatment techniques (e.g. Öst et al., 1991)”
From The psychophysiology of blood-injection-injury phobia: Looking beyond the diphasic response paradigm (2010) · cites this paper as Hellström et al., 1996
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (1983) · Cited by 79,882
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
American Psychiatric Association (2022) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787 · Cited by 23,476
An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties.
Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., & Steer, R. A. (1988) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.56.6.893 · Cited by 14,407
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
&NA; (1988) · Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders · doi:10.1097/00002093-198802020-00022 · Cited by 12,603
Depression: Causes and treatment
Beck, A. T. (1973) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(73)80054-1 · Cited by 3,163
Lifetime Prevalence of Specific Psychiatric Disorders in Three Sites
Robins, L. N. (1984) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1984.01790210031005 · Cited by 2,550
Brief standard self-rating for phobic patients
Marks, I. M., & Mathews, A. M. (1979) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(79)90041-x · Cited by 1,801
Credibility of analogue therapy rationales
Borkovec, T. D., & Nau, S. D. (1972) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0005-7916(72)90045-6 · Cited by 1,553
Jacobson, N. S., Follette, W. C., & Revenstorf, D. (1984) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(84)80002-7 · Cited by 1,294
A fear survey schedule for use in behaviour therapy
Wolpe, J., & Lang, P. J. (1964) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(64)90051-8 · Cited by 1,027
Psychometric description of some specific-fear questionnaires
Klorman, R., Weerts, T. C., Hastings, J. E., Melamed, B. G., & Lang, P. J. (1974) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(74)80008-0 · Cited by 763
The epidemiology of common fears and phobia
Agras, W. S., Sylvester, D., & Oliveau, D. C. (1969) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0010-440x(69)90022-4 · Cited by 700
One-session treatment for specific phobias
Öst, L.-G. (1989) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(89)90113-7 · Cited by 498
Self-citationÖst, L., Johansson, J., & Jerremalm, A. (1982) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(82)90066-3 · Cited by 338
Fears and worries in a representative sample of children.
Lapouse, R., & Monk, M. (1959) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.1959.tb00250.x · Cited by 266
One-session therapist-directed exposure vs. self-exposure in the treatment of spider phobia
Öst, L.-G., Salkovskis, P. M., & Hellström, K. (1991) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(05)80374-0 · Cited by 220
(1988) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.145.10.1207 · Cited by 213
Blood and injection phobia: Background and cognitive, physiological, and behavioral variables.
Öst, L. (1992) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.101.1.68 · Cited by 199
Physiological responses in blood phobics
Öst, L.-G., Sterner, U., & Lindahl, I.-L. (1984) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(84)90099-8 · Cited by 177
Self-citationFears and phobias in women: A community study.
Costello, C. G. (1982) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.91.4.280 · Cited by 166
One versus five sessions of exposure in the treatment of injection phobia
Öst, L.-G., Hellström, K., & Kåver, A. (1992) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(05)80385-5 · Cited by 165
A specific behavioral method for treatment of blood phobia
Öst, L.-G., & Sterner, U. (1987) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(87)90111-2 · Cited by 158
Blood and injection phobia: Background and cognitive, physiological, and behavioral variables.
Öst, L. (1992) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.101.1.68 · Cited by 156
Self-citationApplied tension, exposure in vivo, and tension-only in the treatment of blood phobia
Öst, L.-G., Fellenius, J., & Sterner, U. (1991) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(91)90006-o · Cited by 138
Self-citationHellström, K., & Öst, L.-G. (1995) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(95)00028-v · Cited by 137
Öst, L.-G., Westling, B. E., & Hellström, K. (1993) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(93)90095-c · Cited by 111
Exposure in vivo vs applied relaxation in the treatment of blood phobia
Öst, L., Lindahl, I.-L., Sterner, U., & Jerremalm, A. (1984) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(84)90001-9 · Cited by 100
Applied tension, applied relaxation, and the combination in the treatment of blood phobia
Öst, L.-G., Sterner, U., & Fellenius, J. (1989) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(89)90069-7 · Cited by 87
Selective association of fainting with blood-injury-illness fear
Connolly, J., Hallam, R., & Marks, I. M. (1976) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(76)80214-6 · Cited by 84
A maintenance program for behavioral treatment of anxiety disorders
Öst, L. (1989) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(89)90070-3 · Cited by 75
States-of-mind model: Cognitive balance in the treatment of agoraphobia.
Schwartz, R. M., & Michelson, L. K. (1987) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.55.4.557 · Cited by 63
The relationship between credibility of therapy and simulated therapeutic effects
Nau, S. D., Caputo, J. A., & Borkovec, T. D. (1974) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0005-7916(74)90098-6 · Cited by 63
Öst, L., Jerremalm, A., & Jansson, L. (1984) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(84)90133-5 · Cited by 63
Arntz, A., & Lavy, E. H. (1993) · Behavioural Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s0141347300017754 · Cited by 52
Rapid treatment of blood and injection phobias with eye movement desensitization
Kleinknecht, R. A. (1993) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0005-7916(93)90023-p · Cited by 48
Fainting on exposure to phobic stimuli
Curtis, G. C., & Thyer, B. A. (1983) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.140.6.771 · Cited by 44
A CASE OF BLOOD-ILLNESS-INJURY PHOBIA TREATED BEHAVIORALLY
Cohn, C. K., Kron, R. E., & PAUL, J. (1976) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-197601000-00010 · Cited by 37
Yule, W., & Fernando, P. (1980) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(80)90052-2 · Cited by 20
The Paradoxical Fear Response to Blood, Injury and Illness—A Treatment Report
Wardle, J., & Jarvis, M. J. (1981) · Behavioural Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s0141347300006819 · Cited by 17
Systems of life. No. 160. Senior systems. 25. Peripheral vascular disease---1.
Roberts, A. L. (1988) · PubMed · Cited by 2
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Richards, 1988, Blood phobia, Nursing Times, 84, 49
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Katzman, M. A., Bleau, P., Blier, P., Chokka, P., Kjernisted, K., Van Ameringen, M., & the Canadian Anxiety Guidelines Initiative Group on behalf of the Anxiety Disorders Association of Canada/Association Canadienne des troubles anxieux and McGill University (2014) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-14-s1-s1 · Cited by 1,090
Treatment of specific phobia in adults
Choy, Y., Fyer, A. J., & Lipsitz, J. D. (2007) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2006.10.002 · Cited by 571
Psychological approaches in the treatment of specific phobias: A meta-analysis
Wolitzky-Taylor, K. B., Horowitz, J. D., Powers, M. B., & Telch, M. J. (2008) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2008.02.007 · Cited by 530
Enduring Effects for Cognitive Behavior Therapy in the Treatment of Depression and Anxiety
Hollon, S. D., Stewart, M. O., & Strunk, D. (2006) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.57.102904.190044 · Cited by 466
“There are also indications that the addition of cognitive restructuring facilitates the maintenance of gains produced by exposure to social situations (e.g., Butler et al. 1984, Heimberg et al. 1993).”
One-session treatment of specific phobias in youths: A randomized clinical trial.
Öst, L.-G., Svensson, L., Hellström, K., & Lindwall, R. (2001) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.69.5.814 · Cited by 281
“, 1991), blood-injury phobia (Hellstrom et al., 1996), injection phobia (Ost et al.”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Hellström, K., Fellenius, J., & öst, L.-G.
- Affiliations
- Uppsala University (SE)
- Stockholm University (SE)
- ORCID
- öst, Lars-Göran
- Venue
- Behaviour Research and Therapy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1996-02
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 101-112
- ISSN
- 0005-7967 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2066873119
- Cited by
- 117
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 5.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Behaviour Research and Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Keywords
- blood phobia, applied tension, specific phobia, phobia treatment, number of treatment sessions, self-exposure, maintenance strategy, treatment outcomes, follow-up
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety, Behavior Therapy, Blood, Blood Pressure, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Phobic Disorders, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Syncope, Treatment Outcome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
