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One versus five sessions of applied tension in the treatment of blood phobia
Abstract
Thirty patients with blood phobia, fulfilling the DSM-III-R criteria for simple phobia, were assessed with behavioral, physiological and self-report measures. They were randomly assigned to 3 different conditions: (1) 5 sessions of applied tension; (2) 1 session of applied tension (maximum 2 h); and (3) I session of tension-only (maximum 2 h). The results showed that the patients in the 3 treatments were all significantly improved at post-treatment and the effects were maintained at the 1 yr follow-up. At post-treatment and follow-up the proportions of clinically improved patients were: AT5 50 and 60%, AT1 0 and 70%, and T1 30 and 60%, respectively. The conclusion that can be drawn is that I-session therapist-directed applied tension or tension-only is the treatment of choice for blood phobia, but completed with a maintenance program of self-exposure.
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“However, current evidence concerning the optimal number of therapy sessions is heterogeneous and does not allow for peremptory conclusions (23, 79).”
From Combined Fainting and Psychogenic Non-epileptic Seizures as Significant Therapy Hurdles in Blood-Injury-Injection Phobia: A Mini-Review and Case Report (2022) · cites this paper as [79]
In the citing paper
“Most importantly, there are no differences in effectiveness of the technique between patients who faint (defined by an initial exposure test; Hellström et al., 1996) and those who do not, although the rationale holds that its key effects should unfold when presyncopal symptoms or BP drops set in.”
From The psychophysiology of blood-injection-injury phobia: Looking beyond the diphasic response paradigm (2010) · cites this paper as Hellström et al., 1996
In the citing paper
“The treatment also seems to work, despite its rationale, for patients that do not have a tendency to faint.”
From The psychophysiology of blood-injection-injury phobia: Looking beyond the diphasic response paradigm (2010) · cites this paper as Hellström et al., 1996
In the citing paper
“The observations that (i) fainting status was not related to success of treatment of BII-phobia patients with applied tension (Hellström et al., 1996) and/or other treatment techniques (e.g. Öst et al., 1991)”
From The psychophysiology of blood-injection-injury phobia: Looking beyond the diphasic response paradigm (2010) · cites this paper as Hellström et al., 1996
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“Most importantly, there are no differences in effectiveness of the technique between patients who faint (defined by an initial exposure test; Hellström et al., 1996) and those who do not, although the rationale holds that its key effects should unfold when presyncopal symptoms or BP drops set in.”
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“In a similar investigation of blood phobic adults, Hellstrom, Fellenius, and Öst (1996) found that high levels of subjective anxiety were associated with low percentages of steps completed on the BAT; however, they too failed to assess whether physiological arousal was related to these behavioral…”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Hellström, K., Fellenius, J., & öst, L.-G.
- Affiliations
- Uppsala University (SE)
- Stockholm University (SE)
- ORCID
- öst, Lars-Göran
- Venue
- Behaviour Research and Therapy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1996-02
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 101-112
- ISSN
- 0005-7967 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2066873119
- Cited by
- 117
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 5.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Behaviour Research and Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Keywords
- blood phobia, applied tension, specific phobia, phobia treatment, number of treatment sessions, self-exposure, maintenance strategy, treatment outcomes, follow-up
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety, Behavior Therapy, Blood, Blood Pressure, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Phobic Disorders, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Syncope, Treatment Outcome
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