The DOI matches its Crossref record; 20 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Sleep disruption alters nocturnal ACTH and cortisol secretory patterns
Abstract
Recent studies have provided evidence that nocturnal cortisol secretion is coupled to ultradian rhythms of sleep. The present study was designed to specify how exogenous and sleep-related endogenous factors influence nocturnal adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and cortisol secretion. We compared the influences of (1) temporary sleep deprivation, (2) arousals continuously induced during sleep and, (3) undisturbed sleep (baseline) on pituitary-adrenocortical activity in 10 healthy men. Sleep deprivation (DS) and continuous arousals during sleep (AS) were introduced at the beginning of the second rapid eye movement (REM) sleep period which is an epoch close to the first significant nocturnal rise in plasma cortisol. Compared with the baseline nights, plasma cortisol significantly increased immediately after continuous arousals were started or the subject was awakened and remained awake. Despite this exogenously provoked first cortisol peak, average cortisol release during DS and AS was no higher than during undisturbed sleep. The arousal-induced cortisol burst was followed by a temporary inhibition of cortisol secretion, suggesting that once the subject is aroused (i.e., in stage 1 sleep or awake), the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system becomes highly sensitive to negative feedback inhibition. Spontaneously occurring endogenous cortisol peaks of comparable size during undisturbed sleep did not exhibit such a temporary inhibition of cortisol secretion. We hypothesize that sleep attenuates negative feedback inhibition within the HPA system, whereas wakefulness (or stage 1 sleep) reflects increased feedback sensitivity of this system.
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“awakenings and sleep offset are accompanied by cortisol stimulation”
From Impact of Sleep and Its Disturbances on Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Activity (2010) · cites this paper as [38]
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BackgroundSleep quality is differentially related to adiposity in adults
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“Moreover, the HPA system becomes highly sensitive to negative feedback inhibition as a result of partial sleep deprivation [26].”
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“Another possibility is that poor sleep affects the hypothalamic–pituitary– adrenal axis (77,78), which is likely to aggravate the response to IFN-α (86).”
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“Second, microarousals may activate the hypothalamic– pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, further elevating the levels of cortisol and other hormones and thus triggering lipolysis (23).”
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“Second, a rapid abituation of the production of cortisol to sleep disturances has been reported (Spath-Schwalbe et al., 1991), ossibly this habituation only affects certain aspects of the unctioning of the HPA axis.”
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“Although cortisol secretion is mostly under the control of the circadian system, it is also depressed during sleep (267) and increased by sleep deprivation (230).”
Chrono‐nutrition for hypertension
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“We show that our model quantitatively captures well-established relationships between sleep and cortisol, such as the inhibition of cortisol secretion shortly after the wake-to-sleep transition (36) and the sharp increase in cortisol concentration shortly before normal waking (29).”
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“In the general paediatric population, sleep fragmentation as a consequence of SDB can promote hypothalamic – pituitary – adrenal axis (HPA) dysfunction with an increase in cortisol release, resulting in daytime sleepiness [21,22].”
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Impact of Sleep and Circadian Disturbances on Glucose Metabolism and Type 2 Diabetes
Reutrakul, S., Punjabi, N. M., & Cauter, E. V. (2018) · Cited by 9
Continuous positive airway pressure and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Chakhtoura, M., & Azar, S. T. (2012) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2012.09.013 · Cited by 9
“Sleep disruption results in hypothalamic– pituitary–adrenal axis activation with increasing nocturnal cortisol level [17,18].”
BackgroundScarinci, F., Patacchioli, F. R., Ghiciuc, C. M., Pasquali, V., Bercea, R. M., Cozma, S. R., & Parravano, M. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm9082490 · Cited by 9
“Since autonomic activation can stimulate hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity [15,16] and nocturnal awakenings have been related to pulsatile cortisol release [17], OSA would be expected to activate the HPA axis [18].”
BackgroundDisturbances of Hormonal Circadian Rhythms in Shift Workers
Boivin, D. B. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-387-23692-9_17 · Cited by 9
Cognitive benefits of sleep: a narrative review to explore the relevance of glucose regulation
Longis, E. D., Kassis, A. N., Rémond-Derbez, N., Thota, R. N., Darimont, C., Donato, L., & Hudry, J. (2024) · SLEEP Advances · doi:10.1093/sleepadvances/zpae095 · Cited by 12
OSA in the aging population: Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations
Pengo, M. F., García, M. Á. M., Vitiello, M. V., & Gozal, D. (2026) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2026.102247 · Cited by 8
Zhou, X., Hong, X., Huang, K., Ding, X., Yu, H., Zhao, J., Xuan, Y., Yan, T., & Wang, B. (2022) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-022-02748-2 · Cited by 9
Physiology of the Cardiovascular, Endocrine and Renal Systems during Sleep
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Emotional Stress Evaluation of Patients with Moderate and Severe Sleep Apnea Syndrome
dos Santos, M., Nakano, T. D. C., Mendes, F., Duarte, B., & Marone, S. A. M. (2016) · International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology · doi:10.1055/s-0036-1586251 · Cited by 8
Circadian Modulation of Endocrine Secretion
Cauter, E. V., & Buxton, O. M. (2001) · Handbook of behavioral neurobiology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-1201-1_26 · Cited by 8
Awakening not associated with an increased rate of cortisol secretion
Klaas, S., Upton, T. J., Zavala, E., Lawton, M., Bensing, S., Berinder, K., Botusan, I. R., Grytaas, M. A., Methlie, P., Øksnes, M., et al. (2025) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2024.1844 · Cited by 8
The Effect of Multilevel Surgery for Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Fatigue, Stress and Resilience
Jung, S. Y., Mun, Y. M., Lee, G. M., & Kim, S. W. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12196282 · Cited by 7
İsmailoğulları, S., Bolattürk, Ö. F., Karaca, Z., Taheri, S., Bayramov, K. K., Keleştimur, F., & Aksu, M. (2017) · Sleep and Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1007/s41105-017-0120-z · Cited by 7
Wang, A., Wei, Z., Yuan, H., Zhu, Y., Peng, Y., Gao, Z., Liu, Y., Shen, J., Xu, H., Guan, J., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1170889 · Cited by 6
“, 2000), which promotes sleep events in OSA, while secondary arousals following intermittent hypoxia episodes can induce HPA activation in turn (Späth-Schwalbe et al., 1991; Buckley and Schatzberg, 2005; Kritikou et al., 2016).”
BackgroundSleep fragmentation induces reduction of synapsin II in rat hippocampus
Park, D. S., Yoon, D. W., Yoo, W. B., Lee, S. K., Yun, C., Kim, S. J., Kim, J., & Shin, C. (2014) · Sleep and Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1111/sbr.12052 · Cited by 6
Sleep associated endocrine and immune changes in the elderly
Perras, B., & Jan Born, A. (2005) · Advances in cell aging and gerontology · doi:10.1016/s1566-3124(04)17005-3 · Cited by 6
Is Autonomic Activation a Middleman Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome and Psoriasis?
Gabryelska, A., & Białasiewicz, P. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.7196 · Cited by 6
“3 Thus, a pathogenetic chain from OSA via high autonomic activity and inflammation leading to higher risk of psoriasis can be deducted.”
Administration of growth hormone ameliorates adverse effects of total sleep deprivation
Arvin, P., Ghafouri, S., Bavarsad, K., Hajipour, S., Khoshnam, S. E., Sarkaki, A., & Farbood, Y. (2023) · Metabolic Brain Disease · doi:10.1007/s11011-023-01192-9 · Cited by 5
“Any decrease or increase in corticosterone hormone alters the structure of sleep, and human studies have shown that sleep itself reduces cortisol secretion (Bradbury et al. 1998; Späth-Schwalbe et al. 1991).”
BackgroundCortisol levels and perceived stress in emergency call operators
Kulczycka, K., Chilimoniuk, B., Rymuszka, A., Stychno, E., Bałanda-Bałdyga, A., & Pałucka, K. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1539516 · Cited by 5
“Studies have found that cortisol levels were lower in individuals with irregular shift patterns than in those with regular shifts (52).”
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CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH NARCOLEPSY
Kim, J. T., Eichling, P. S., & Wang, M. (2010) · Retinal Cases & Brief Reports · doi:10.1097/icb.0b013e3181f66ac0 · Cited by 5
Haba‐Rubio, J., Ouanes, S., Franc, Y., Marques-Vidal, P. M., Waeber, G., Vollenweider, P., von Gunten, A., Preisig, M., Kuehner, C., Castelao, E., et al. (2018) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.05.001 · Cited by 5
Metadata
- Authors
- Späth-Schwalbe, E., Gofferje, M., Kern, W., Born, J., & Fehm, H. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Lübeck (DE)
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1991-03
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 575-584
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2012118444
- Cited by
- 266
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 0.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- sleep disruption, ACTH secretion, sleep deprivation, sleep arousal, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, negative feedback inhibition, REM sleep, ultradian rhythms
- MeSH terms
- Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Adult, Arousal, Circadian Rhythm, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Male, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Reference Values, Sleep Deprivation, Sleep Stages, Sleep, REM
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