Cortisol Secretion Is Inhibited during Sleep in Normal Man*
Abstract
In order to test the hypothesis that cortisol secretion is inhibited during sleep, six healthy young men (ages 18-24) were studied in a 4-day protocol. A baseline nocturnal sleep period was followed by one night's total sleep deprivation, then sleep at 180 degrees phase shift, and then return to a normal nocturnal sleep episode (SP-3). Plasma cortisol concentrations were measured every 20 min (obtained by an indwelling venous catheter), rectal temperature was measured every minute, and sleep was polygraphically defined. During the first 4 h of sustained sleep, cortisol secretion was decreased even when sleep occurred during a time when the subject was usually awake; conversely, it was elevated if awake at the usual daily time of sleeping. This was not the case for the last 4 h of sleep. Body temperature was also decreased but during each entire 7- to 8-h sleep period. Meals produced only a small brief rise of cortisol and produced no change in body temperature. Stage 4 sleep was increased during the 180 degrees inverted sleep episode and decreased during SP-3, REM sleep however was increased during SP-3. A reciprocal relationship was found between REM and stages 3 and 4 for the second, third, and fourth, and sixth h of sleep for SP-3. These results demonstrate the inhibitory effect of the behavioral complex of sleeping on cortisol secretion superimposed on its endogenous circadian and ultradian rhythm. These neurophysiological events may be used to entrain and time the period and phase of biological rhythms in relation to shift work, sleep deprivation, and transmeridian jet travel.
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Sleep onset exerts an inhibitory effect on cortisol secretion.
“Sleep onset exerts an inhibitory effect on cortisol secretion while awakenings and sleep offset are accompanied by cortisol stimulation.”
From Impact of Sleep and Its Disturbances on Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Activity (2010) · cites this paper as [35]
Sleep has modest but clearly detectable modulatory effects on HPA axis activity.
“Sleep has modest but clearly detectable modulatory effects on HPA axis activity.”
From Impact of Sleep and Its Disturbances on Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Activity (2010) · cites this paper as [35]
The inhibitory effect that sleep onset exerts on the HPA axis has been mostly attributed to SWS.
“The inhibitory effect that sleep onset seems to exert on HPA axis has been mostly attributed to SWS.”
From Impact of Sleep and Its Disturbances on Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Activity (2010) · cites this paper as [35]
Several studies have reported an elevation of cortisol levels both during the night of total sleep deprivation and, if wakefulness was further prolonged, during the following day, particularly in the afternoon and evening.
“Several studies have reported an elevation of cortisol levels both during the night of total sleep deprivation [13, 35, 72] and, if wakefulness was further prolonged, during the following day, particularly in the afternoon and evening [63, 73].”
From Impact of Sleep and Its Disturbances on Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Activity (2010) · cites this paper as [35]
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- Authors
- WEITZMAN, E. D., ZIMMERMAN, J. C., CZEISLER, C. A., & RONDA, J.
- Affiliations
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 1983-02
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 352-358
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W2134199290
- Cited by
- 265
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 3.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- cortisol secretion, sleep, circadian rhythm, ultradian rhythms, sleep deprivation, 180-degree phase shift, body temperature, REM sleep, stage 4 sleep, sleep stages, shift work, jet lag, biological rhythms
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Body Temperature, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Male, Sleep, Sleep Deprivation, Sleep Stages
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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