Cited by 230Memory and Neural MechanismsMemory Processes and InfluencesNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

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Event representation in Pavlovian conditioning: Image and action

Holland, Peter C.·1990·Cognition

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Abstract

In a typical Pavlovian conditioning experiment, a relatively insignificant event, the conditioned stimulus (CS), is paired with a biologically more meaningful event, the unconditioned stimulus (US). As a consequence of those pairings, the CS is thought to acquire response characteristics of the US. In this article I describe experiments with rats that suggest that under some circumstances, the CS acquires control of perceptual processing of the US, in the absence of that US itself. I present three kinds of evidence for this surrogate processing, which I liken to imagery or hallucination: (1) CSs come to control specific, sensory-evaluative responses normally evoked only by the USs; (2) CSs can substitute for USs in the establishment of new learning about those USs themselves; (3) CSs can substitute for USs in the modulation of conditioning to other events, either overshadowing (interfering) or potentiating learning, in the same manner as the USs themselves. Finally, I compare these data with evidence for conditioned sensation and imagery in humans, and suggest that imagery may be a very basic process, evolutionarily derived from perceptual and conditioning processes adapted to deal with remote or absent objects.

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Authors: Holland, P. C.
Affiliations: Duke University (US)
Corresponding author: Holland, Peter C.
Venue: Cognition
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1990-11
Volume: 37
Issue: 1-2
Pages: 105-131
ISSN: 0010-0277 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/0010-0277(90)90020-k
OpenAlex: W2088054419
Cited by: 229
References: 53
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 9
FWCI: 1.20
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Cognition (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords: classical conditioning, conditioned stimulus, unconditioned stimulus, imagery, hallucinations, overshadowing, potentiation, perceptual processing, rats
MeSH terms: Animals, Cognition, Concept Formation, Discrimination Learning, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Columbidae, Mental Recall

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Event representation in Pavlovian conditioning: Image and action

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