Ammonia photolysis and the greenhouse effect in the primordial atmosphere of the Earth
Open accessIntegrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Highly reduced gases such as CH4 or NH3 are dissociated by photolysis due to the high XUV flux of the young Sun and by reactions with OH and O radicals produced from the photolysis of H2O and CO2.
“Highly reduced gases such as CH 4 or NH 3 are also dissociated by photolysis due to the high XUV flux of the young Sun and by reactions with OH and O radicals produced from the photolysis of H 2 O and CO 2 molecules (Kuhn and Atreya 1979; Kasting 1982; Kasting 1993; Zahnle et al. 2010; Wordsworth 2016).”
From The young Sun's XUV-activity as a constraint for lower CO2-limits in the Earth's Archean atmosphere (2021) · cites this paper as Kuhn and Atreya 1979
Cites
Reducing greenhouses and the temperature history of Earth and Mars
SAGAN, C. (1977) · Nature · doi:10.1038/269224a0 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
A negative feedback mechanism for the long‐term stabilization of Earth's surface temperature
Walker, J. C. G., Hays, P. B., & Kasting, J. F. (1981) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans · doi:10.1029/jc086ic10p09776 · Cited by 2,310 · see citing works
Kasting, J. F. (1993) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.11536547 · Cited by 1,374 · see citing works
Cometary Delivery of Organic Molecules to the Early Earth
Chyba, C. F., Thomas, P. J., Brookshaw, L., & Sagan, C. (1990) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.11538074 · Cited by 577 · see citing works
Greenhouse warming by CH <sub>4</sub> in the atmosphere of early Earth
Pavlov, A. A., Kasting, J. F., Brown, L. L., Rages, K. A., & Freedman, R. (2000) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets · doi:10.1029/1999je001134 · Cited by 537 · see citing works
Theoretical constraints on oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations in the Precambrian atmosphere
Kasting, J. F. (1987) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/0301-9268(87)90001-5 · Cited by 530 · see citing works
New constraints on Precambrian ocean composition
Grotzinger, J. P., & Kasting, J. F. (1993) · The Journal of Geology · doi:10.1086/648218 · Cited by 424 · see citing works
CO2 condensation and the climate of early Mars
Kasting, J. F. (1991) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/0019-1035(91)90137-i · Cited by 413 · see citing works
The Early Faint Sun Paradox: Organic Shielding of Ultraviolet-Labile Greenhouse Gases
Sagan, C., & Chyba, C. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.276.5316.1217 · Cited by 396 · see citing works
Feulner, G. (2012) · Reviews of Geophysics · doi:10.1029/2011rg000375 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Zahnle, K., Schaefer, L., & Fegley, B. (2010) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a004895 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Nitrogen-enhanced greenhouse warming on early Earth
Goldblatt, C., Claire, M. W., Lenton, T. M., Matthews, A. J., Watson, A. J., & Zahnle, K. J. (2009) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/ngeo692 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Zahnle, K. J. (1986) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/jd091id02p02819 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Fractal Organic Hazes Provided an Ultraviolet Shield for Early Earth
Wolf, E. T., & Toon, O. B. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1183260 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Photochemistry of methane in the Earth's early atmosphere
Kasting, J. F., Zahnle, K. J., & Walker, J. C. G. (1983) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/0301-9268(83)90069-4 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Stability of ammonia in the primitive terrestrial atmosphere
Kasting, J. F. (1982) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans · doi:10.1029/jc087ic04p03091 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Phosphorylation on the Early Earth
Pasek, M. A., Gull, M., & Herschy, B. (2017) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2017.11.008 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Estimates of atmospheric CO2 in the Neoarchean–Paleoproterozoic from paleosols
Kanzaki, Y., & Murakami, T. (2015) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2015.03.011 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Atmospheric nitrogen evolution on Earth and Venus
Wordsworth, R. D. (2016) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2016.04.002 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Prebiotic Chemistry: What We Know, What We Don’t
Cleaves, H. J. (2012) · Evolution: Education and Outreach · doi:10.1007/s12052-012-0443-9 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Stüeken, E. E., Kipp, M. A., Koehler, M. C., Schwieterman, E. W., Johnson, B., & Buick, R. (2016) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2016.1537 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Lammer, H., Sproß, L., Grenfell, J. L., Scherf, M., Fossati, L., Lendl, M., & Cubillos, P. E. (2019) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2018.1914 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Assessing the Massive Young Sun Hypothesis to Solve the Warm Young Earth Puzzle
Minton, D. A., & Malhotra, R. (2007) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/514331 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Geologic and Geochemical Constraints on Earth's Early Atmosphere
Farquhar, J., Zerkle, A. L., & Bekker, A. (2014) · Treatise on Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-095975-7.01304-8 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
The young Sun's XUV-activity as a constraint for lower CO2-limits in the Earth's Archean atmosphere
Johnstone, C. P., Lammer, H., Kislyakova, K. G., Scherf, M., & Güdel, M. (2021) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2021.117197 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Can thin cirrus clouds in the tropics provide a solution to the faint young Sun paradox?
Rondanelli, R., & Lindzen, R. S. (2010) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2009jd012050 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Nitrogen in Ancient Mud: A Biosignature?
Stüeken, E. E. (2016) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2016.1478 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
- Authors
- Kuhn, W. R., & Atreya, S. K.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- ORCID
- Atreya, S.K.
- Venue
- Icarus
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1979-01
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 207-213
- ISSN
- 0019-1035 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2091036454
- Cited by
- 199
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 11.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Icarus (publishedVersion)
- Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astro and Planetary Science
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Origins and Evolution of Life
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Keywords
- ammonia photolysis, primordial atmosphere, greenhouse effect, prebiotic atmosphere, nitrogen accumulation, radiative equilibrium, surface temperature, solar luminosity, photochemical modeling, early Earth
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review