CO2 condensation and the climate of early Mars
Abstract
A one-dimensional, radiative-convective climate model was used to reexamine the question of whether early Mars could have been kept warm by the greenhouse effect of a dense, CO2 atmosphere. The new model differs from previous models by considering the influence of CO2 clouds on the convective lapse rate and on the the planetary radiation budget. Condensation of CO2 decreases the lapse rate and, hence, reduces the magnitude of the greenhouse effect. This phenomenon becomes increasingly important at low solar luminosities and may preclude warm (0 degree C), globally averaged surface temperatures prior to approximately 2 billion years ago unless other greenhouse gases were present in addition to CO2 and H2O. Alternative mechanisms for warming early Mars and explaining channel formation are discussed.
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Kasting (1991) demonstrated that regardless of atmospheric pressure, a clear-sky CO2-H2O atmosphere alone could not have warmed early Mars.
“In a seminal paper, Kasting (1991) demonstrated that regardless of the atmospheric pressure, a clear-sky CO 2 -H 2 O atmosphere alone could not have warmed early Mars.”
From The Climate of Early Mars (2016) · cites this paper as Kasting 1991
The infrared scattering effect of CO2 clouds is still an important term in their overall radiative budget, meaning they at least do not dramatically cool the climate via shortwave scattering.
“Nonetheless, the infrared scattering effect is still an important term in their overall radiative budget. This means that they at least do not dramatically cool the climate via shortwave scattering, as was thought to be the case in the earliest studies of CO 2 condensation on early Mars (Kasting 1991).”
From The Climate of Early Mars (2016) · cites this paper as Kasting 1991
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- Authors
- Kasting, J. F.
- Affiliations
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kasting, James F.
- ORCID
- Kasting, James F.
- Venue
- Icarus
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1991-11
- Volume
- 94
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-13
- ISSN
- 0019-1035 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2025152715
- Cited by
- 413
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 12.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Icarus (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Planetary Science and Exploration
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astro and Planetary Science
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Keywords
- early Mars climate, CO2 condensation, greenhouse effect, surface temperature, Martian channels
- MeSH terms
- Atmosphere, Carbon Dioxide, Climate, Extraterrestrial Environment, Models, Chemical, Temperature, Water, Solar System, Greenhouse Effect, Mars
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