Cited by 754Aging and Gerontology ResearchGenetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model OrganismsT-cell and B-cell Immunology

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Admission criteria for immunogerontological studies in man: The senieur protocol

Ligthart, Gerard J., Corberand, Joël X., Fournier, Catherine, Galanaud, Pierre, Hijmans, Willy, Kennes, Bernard, Müller-Hermelink, Hans K., Steinmann, Gerhard G.·1984·Mechanisms of Ageing and Development

DOI 10.1016/0047-6374(84)90152-0

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Abstract

Immunogerontological studies in man have often led to conflicting results. One of the main reasons is the selection of the subjects to be studied. Admission criteria such as "apparently healthy" or "without overt disease" seem insufficient to exclude underlying disease which might influence the immune system and thereby the results. In an attempt to solve this problem, the SENIEUR protocol described in this paper was developed by a working party in the framework of the EURAGE Concerted Action Programme on Ageing of the European Community. This protocol establishes strict admission criteria for immunogerontological studies in man based on clinical information and laboratory data, and it sets limits to pharmacological interference. The use of this protocol will lead to standardization between centers and also to a closer study of the influence of age as such on the immune system. These findings in the immunologically "optimally aged" can also serve as reference values for immunogerontological studies in subjects who do not meet the SENIEUR criteria. In this way the use of this protocol can contribute to the dissection of the influence of disease versus ageing on the immune system.

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Background
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Background
Thyroid function in healthy centenarians
Maugeri, D., Russo, M. S., Stefano, F. D., Receputo, G., Rosso, D., Rapisarda, R., Mazzarella, R., Savia, S., Motta, M., & Panebianco, P. (1997) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/s0167-4943(97)00012-5 · Cited by 9
Biomarkers of Aging and Survival Kinetics
PIANTANELLI, L., Rossolini, G., & Basso, A. (1992) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb27430.x · Cited by 9
Muscle function of women aged 65–89 years meeting two sets of health criteria
Skelton, D. A., Young, A., & Greig, C. A. (1997) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/bf03340135 · Cited by 9
The DNA repair protein ku is involved in gp130-mediated signal transduction events in PBMC from young but not from elderly subjects
Frasca, D., Scarpaci, S., Barattini, P., Bartoloni, C., Guidi, L., Costanzo, M., & Doria, G. (2002) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/s0531-5565(01)00199-1 · Cited by 9
Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) levels finally become stable with increasing age as revealed by using an ELISA corresponding to the bioactivity
Scheffer, C., Zawatzky, R., & Rink, L. (2001) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/s0047-6374(00)00196-2 · Cited by 9
Functional assessment of cellular non-specific and specific immunity in selected healthy elderly
Licastro, F., Morini, M. C., Chiricolo, M., Belletti, D., Malpassi, P., Parente, R., Carpenè, E., & Conte, R. (1992) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/s0167-4943(05)80021-4 · Cited by 9
CD4 lymphopenia and risk of infection in immunogerontologically healthy elderly people
Ogata, K., Tamura, H., Yokose, N., Dan, K., & Nomura, T. (1996) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(96)91046-6 · Cited by 9
Interleukin‐2‐inducible Killer Activity and Its Regulation by Blood Monocytes from Autologous Lymphocytes of Lung Cancer Patients
Sone, S., Kunishige, E., Fawzy, F., Yanagawa, H., Nil, A., Maeda, K., Atagi, S., Heike, Y., Nishioka, Y., Mizuno, K., et al. (1991) · Japanese Journal of Cancer Research · doi:10.1111/j.1349-7006.1991.tb01908.x · Cited by 9
Neutrophils Are Normal in Normal Aged Humans
Corberand, J. X., Laharrague, P. F., & Fillola, G. (1986) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1002/jlb.40.4.333 · Cited by 9
Self-citation
Differences in movement limitations in different low back pain severity in functional tests using an RGB-D camera
Trinidad‐Fernández, M., Beckwée, D., Cuesta‐Vargas, A., González‐Sánchez, M., Moreno, F.-Á., González-Jiménez, J., Joos, E., & Vaes, P. (2020) · Journal of Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.110212 · Cited by 8
Use of Nutraceuticals in Elderly to Fight Inflammation and Immuno-Senescence: A Randomized Case-Control Study
Giudice, A. M. D., Mantia, I. L., Barbara, F., Ciccarone, S., Ragno, M. S., Robertis, V. D., Cariti, F., Barbara, M., D’Ascanio, L., & Stadio, A. D. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14173476 · Cited by 11
“Recruitment following SENIEUR protocol guideline [20].”
The Immune Risk Profile and Associated Parameters in Late Life: Lessons from the OCTO and NONA Longitudinal Studies
Wikby, A., Strindhall, J., & Johansson, B. E. A. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9063-9_1 · Cited by 8
“The stringent SENIEUR Protocol (Ligthart et al. 1984) represents an example of a widespread application of a set of exclusion criteria used to select individuals in good health, to be able to distinguish between age changes caused by primary ageing and secondary ageing , i.”
Circadian organization of serum electrolytes in physiological aging.
Trotti, R., Rondanelli, M., Cuzzoni, G., Magnani, B., Gabanti, E., & Ferrari, E. (2003) · PubMed · Cited by 8
Intracellular nucleotides of lymphocytes and granulocytes from normal ageing subjects
Borzı̀, R. M., Monte, P. D., Uguccioni, M., Melicòni, R., & Facchini, A. (1992) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/0047-6374(92)90091-q · Cited by 8
Blood pressure and TNF-α act synergistically to increase leucocyte CD11b adhesion molecule expression in the BELFAST study: implications for better blood pressure control in ageing
Rea, I. M., McNerlan, S., Alexander, D. H., & Armstrong, M. E. (2011) · AGE · doi:10.1007/s11357-011-9326-1 · Cited by 8
“Elderly subjects were recruited with the criteria of the Senieur protocol (Ligthart et al. 1984) and within the time constraint of a master’s research project on age-related change in CD11b/CD18 integrin expression (Armstrong et al.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
The effect of aging on the metabolic clearance rate and distribution of cortisol in man
Barton, R. N., Horan, M. A., Clague, J. E., & Rose, J. G. (1999) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/s0167-4943(99)00019-9 · Cited by 8
“All were in good health and the elderly subjects all satisfied the SENIEUR protocol (Ligthart et al., 1984), which screens for infection, inflammation and disorders in all major body systems.”
Background
Signal Transduction of the Aging Innate Immune System
Gómez, C. R., Nomellini, V., Boehmer, E. D., & Kovacs, E. J. (2007) · Current Immunology Reviews · doi:10.2174/157339507779802232 · Cited by 8
“60153, USA; Tel: 708-327-2477; Fax: 708-327-2813; E-mail: ekovacs@lumc.edu healthiest individuals [ 11 ].”
Circadian temporal organization of lipidic fractions in elderly people. Entrainment to the dietary schedule
Trotti, R., Rondanelli, M., Cuzzoni, G., Ferrari, E., & d’Eril, G. M. (2002) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/bf03324422 · Cited by 8
Immunology and aging
Kudlacek, S., Willvonseder, R., Stohlawetz, P. J., Hahn, P., & Pietschmann, P. (2000) · The Aging Male · doi:10.1080/13685530008500340 · Cited by 8
Examining the effect of a nutrition intervention on immune function in healthy humans: what do we mean by immune function and who is really healthy anyway?
Stephensen, C. B. (2001) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/74.5.565 · Cited by 8
Elderly high NK responders are characterized by intensive proliferative response to PHA and Con A and optimal health status
Myśliwski, A., Myśliwska, J. M., Chodnik, T., Bigda, J., Bryl, E., & Foerster, J. (1993) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/0167-4943(93)90031-c · Cited by 8
Age-related events in active T lymphocyte subpopulation. A morphological study
Rana, R., Pietro, R. D., Centurione, L., Vitale, M., Zamai, L., Sciscio, A., & Mazzotti, G. (1994) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/0047-6374(94)90034-5 · Cited by 8
Immunotherapy of Immunosenesence; Who, How and When?
Govind, S. (2012) · Open Longevity Science · doi:10.2174/1876326x01206010056 · Cited by 7
“Consideration of patient medical conditions and on-going prophylactic intervention resulted in a further classification of so-called “non-SENIEURs” individuals or frail elderly [17].”
Background
Inflammageing assessed by MMP9 in normal Japanese individuals and the patients with Werner syndrome
Goto, M., Chiba, J., Matsuura, M., Iwaki-Egawa, S., & Watanabe, Y. (2016) · Intractable & Rare Diseases Research · doi:10.5582/irdr.2016.01028 · Cited by 7
“Exclusion protocol for elderly individuals met the SENIEUR criteria (14).”
Blood transfusion practices affect CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+ regulatory T cells/T helper-17 cells and the clinical outcome of geriatric patients with hip fracture
Wang, L., Chen, W., Kang, F., Zhang, Y., Qi, L., & Zhang, Y. (2021) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.203479 · Cited by 7
“The immune functions of elderly individuals may be used as indicators for the future clinical treatment of HF patients according to the Senior European (SENIEUR) protocol [12].”
Method
Lower percentage of CD8high+CD152+ but not CD8high+CD28+ T lymphocytes in the elderly may be reverted by interleukin 2 in vitro
Trzonkowski, P., Myśliwska, J. M., Szmit, E., Żak, M., Foerster, J., & Myśliwski, A. (2002) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/s0047-6374(02)00016-7 · Cited by 7
AGE-RELATED ACCELERATED TAPPING RESPONSE IN HEALTHY POPULATION
Elazary, A. S., Bergman, H., Attia, R., & Ben‐Pazi, H. (2003) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.2003.96.1.227 · Cited by 7
Coenzyme Q10 plasma levels and body composition in elderly males
Ravaglia, G., Forti, P., Maioli, F., SCALI, R. C., Boschi, F., Cicognani, A., Morini, P., Bargossi, A., & Gasbarrini, G. B. (1996) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/0167-4943(96)86996-2 · Cited by 7
Effect of age, sex and health status on human lymphocyte functions: demonstration of a sex-related defect in suppressor cell function
Deviere, J. M., Brohée, D., Kennès, B., Maertelaer, V. D., & Neve, P. (1987) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/0167-4943(87)90009-4 · Cited by 7
Allergic Rhinitis in the Elderly
Chadwick, S. J. (2006) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.3109/9780849374487-20 · Cited by 7
Proceedings of a symposium on “immunosenescence—a major cause of disease in the elderly: from molecules to patients”
Grubeck-Loebenstein, B., & Wick, G. (1999) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/s0531-5565(99)00014-5 · Cited by 7
Effect of rIL-2 treatment on anti-tetanus toxoid response in the elderly
Fagiolo, U., Bordin, M. C., Biselli, R., D’Amelio, R., Zamarchi, R., & Amadori, A. (1997) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/s0047-6374(96)01836-2 · Cited by 7
Investigating population-level immunosenescence: From bench to bedside
Cunha, L. L., Valsecchi, V. A. D. S., & Ward, L. S. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.949928 · Cited by 7
“in a working party in the framework of the EURAGE Concerted Action Programme on Aging of the European Community and was designed to provide a reference measurement of immunosenescence in the healthy aged population (101).”
Background
Why Influenza Viruses Continue to Pose a Significant Threat to Aging and Aged Populations Worldwide
Lang, P. O. (2013) · Current Geriatrics Reports · doi:10.1007/s13670-013-0070-5 · Cited by 6

Authors: Ligthart, G. J., Corberand, J. X., Fournier, C., Galanaud, P., Hijmans, W., Kennes, B., Müller-Hermelink, H. K., & Steinmann, G. G.
Affiliations: Leiden University (NL)
Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades (FR)
Université Paris-Sud (FR)
Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (DE)
Corresponding author: Ligthart, Gerard J.
ORCID: Galanaud, Pierre
Venue: Mechanisms of Ageing and Development
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1984-11
Volume: 28
Issue: 1
Pages: 47-55
ISSN: 0047-6374 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/0047-6374(84)90152-0
OpenAlex: W2037412303
Cited by: 754
References: 9
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 18
FWCI: 13.79
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Mechanisms of Ageing and Development (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
Keywords: healthy aging, reference values, age-related immune changes
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Aging, Cardiovascular Diseases, Humans, Immunity, Infections, Inflammation, Lymphoproliferative Disorders, Neoplasms, Research Design

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Admission criteria for immunogerontological studies in man: The senieur protocol

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