Cited by 754Aging and Gerontology ResearchGenetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model OrganismsT-cell and B-cell Immunology

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Admission criteria for immunogerontological studies in man: The senieur protocol

Ligthart, Gerard J., Corberand, Joël X., Fournier, Catherine, Galanaud, Pierre, Hijmans, Willy, Kennes, Bernard, Müller-Hermelink, Hans K., Steinmann, Gerhard G.·1984·Mechanisms of Ageing and Development

DOI 10.1016/0047-6374(84)90152-0

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Abstract

Immunogerontological studies in man have often led to conflicting results. One of the main reasons is the selection of the subjects to be studied. Admission criteria such as "apparently healthy" or "without overt disease" seem insufficient to exclude underlying disease which might influence the immune system and thereby the results. In an attempt to solve this problem, the SENIEUR protocol described in this paper was developed by a working party in the framework of the EURAGE Concerted Action Programme on Ageing of the European Community. This protocol establishes strict admission criteria for immunogerontological studies in man based on clinical information and laboratory data, and it sets limits to pharmacological interference. The use of this protocol will lead to standardization between centers and also to a closer study of the influence of age as such on the immune system. These findings in the immunologically "optimally aged" can also serve as reference values for immunogerontological studies in subjects who do not meet the SENIEUR criteria. In this way the use of this protocol can contribute to the dissection of the influence of disease versus ageing on the immune system.

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Pieri, C., Recchioni, R., Moroni, F., Marcheselli, F., & Lipponi, G. (1992) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/0047-6374(92)90105-m · Cited by 20
Muscle activity and architecture as a predictor of hand-grip strength
Trinidad‐Fernández, M., González-Molina, F., Moya-Esteban, A., Roldán‐Jiménez, C., González‐Sánchez, M., & Cuesta‐Vargas, A. (2020) · Physiological Measurement · doi:10.1088/1361-6579/aba007 · Cited by 19
Clinical correlates of cerebral white matter hyperintensities in cognitively normal older adults
Williams, L. R., Hutchinson, C. E., Jackson, A., Horan, M. A., Jones, M., McInnes, L., Rabbitt, P., & Pendleton, N. (2009) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2009.02.012 · Cited by 19
“The assessments used a modified version of the SENIEUR protocol (Ligthart et al., 1984).”
Method
Immune Dysfunction in Aged Horses
McFarlane, D. (2016) · Veterinary Clinics of North America Equine Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cveq.2016.04.009 · Cited by 19
Telomere length measurement and determination of immunosenescence‐related markers (CD28, CD45RO, CD45RA, interferon‐γ and interleukin‐4) in skin‐homing T cells expressing the cutaneous lymphocyte antigen: indication of a non‐ageing T‐cell subset
Neuber, K., Schmidt, S., & Mensch, A. (2003) · Immunology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2567.2003.01640.x · Cited by 19
Mitochondrial J haplogroup is associated with lower blood pressure and anti-oxidant status: findings in octo/nonagenarians from the BELFAST Study
Rea, I. M., McNerlan, S., Archbold, G. P. R., Middleton, D., Curran, M. D., Young, I. S., & Ross, O. A. (2012) · AGE · doi:10.1007/s11357-012-9444-4 · Cited by 19
“Elderly subjects were a consecutive mid-study cohort enlisted from the BELFASTstudy, aged 80–100 years of age (Rea 2010; Rea et al. 2009), who met SENIEUR protocol (Ligthart et al. 1984).”
Background
Effect of aging on CD11b and CD69 surface expression by vesicular insertion in human polymorphonuclear leucocytes
Noble, J. M., Ford, G. A., & Thomas, T. H. (1999) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs0970323 · Cited by 19
Senile dementia, alzheimer type: A distinct entity in the immunosenescence?
Antonaci, S., Garofalo, A. R., Chicco, C., Polignano, A., Pugliese, P., Misefari, A., & Jirillo, E. (1990) · Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis · doi:10.1002/jcla.1860040106 · Cited by 19
Scavenger receptor activity and expression of apolipoprotein E mRNA in monocyte-derived macrophages of young and old healthy men
Friedman, G., Ben-Yehuda, A., Dabach, Y., Ben-Naim, M., Hollander, G., Retter, O., Friedlander, Y., Stein, O. T., & Stein, Y. (1997) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/s0021-9150(96)05987-4 · Cited by 19
1 The limits of normality in elderly patients
Kruger, A. R. (1987) · Baillière s Clinical Haematology · doi:10.1016/s0950-3536(87)80003-3 · Cited by 19
‘Immunogenetics of Aging’: report on the activities of the 15th International HLA and Immunogenetics Working Group and 15th International HLA and Immunogenetics Workshop
Naumova, E. J., Ivanova, M., Pawelec, G., Constantinescu, I., Bogunia‐Kubik, K., Lange, A., Qguz, F., Carin, M. N., Franceschi, C., Caruso, C., et al. (2011) · Tissue Antigens · doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.2010.01603.x · Cited by 18
“The unrelated young controls were characterized according to JUNIEUR protocol (17).”
Diseases associated with the low copy number of the C4B gene encoding C4, the fourth component of complement
Szilágyi, Á., & Füst, G. (2008) · Cytogenetic and Genome Research · doi:10.1159/000184699 · Cited by 18
“Elderly individuals participating in this and subsequent studies met the criteria of the socalled SENIEUR Protocol (Ligthart et al., 1984) i.e., could be considered perfectly healthy.”
Result
Helicobacter pylori masks differences in homocysteine plasma levels between controls and type 2 diabetic patients
Cenerelli, S., Bonazzi, P., Galeazzi, R., Testa, I., Bonfigli, A. R., Sirolla, C., Giunta, S., Galeazzi, L., Fumelli, D., & Testa, R. (2002) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2362.2002.00962.x · Cited by 18
The Relationship between Phenazone (Antipyrine) Metabolite Formation and Theophylline Metabolism in Healthy and Frail Elderly Women
Groen, K., Horan, M. A., Roberts, N. A., Gulati, R. S., Miljković, B., Jansen, E. J., Paramsothy, V., Breimer, D. D., & van Bezooijen, C. F. A. (1993) · Clinical Pharmacokinetics · doi:10.2165/00003088-199325020-00006 · Cited by 18
The OCTO and NONA immune longitudinal studies: a review of 11 years studies of Swedish very old humans
Wikby, A., Johansson, B. E. A., & Ferguson, F. G. (2002) · Advances in cell aging and gerontology · doi:10.1016/s1566-3124(02)13001-x · Cited by 18
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: can cell mediated immunity markers predict clinical outcome?
Melicòni, R., Lalli, E., Borzı̀, R. M., Sturani, C., Galavotti, V., Gunella, G., Miniero, R., Facchini, A., & Gasbarrini, A. (1990) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thx.45.7.536 · Cited by 18
A Need to Study the Immune Status of Frail Older Adults
Castle, S. C., Uyemura, K., Fülöp, T., Hirokawa, K., & Makinodan, T. (2006) · Immunity & Ageing · doi:10.1186/1742-4933-3-1 · Cited by 18
“However, a review of more than 200 scientific articles that evaluated healthy older adults, who were selected on a set of rigorous criteria as defined by the SENEIUR Protocol [4], showed that the magnitude of decline in T cell-dependent immune functions with age is modest [5], relative to that of the aging mouse model…”
Background
Early T Cell Activation in Elderly Humans
Rexach, J. A. S., Fernández‐Gutiérrez, B., Hernández‐García, C., VIDAN, M., Bañares, A. A., RIBERA, J. M., & Jover, J. Á. (1996) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/25.6.470 · Cited by 18
Dynamic phenotypic restructuring of the CD4 and CD8 T-cell subsets with age in healthy humans: a compartmental model analysis
Jackola, D. R., & Hallgren, H. M. (1998) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/s0047-6374(98)00089-x · Cited by 18
Six weeks of strength endurance training decreases circulating senescence-prone T-lymphocytes in cytomegalovirus seropositive but not seronegative older women
Dinh, H. C., Bautmans, I., Beyer, I., Onyema, O. O., Liberman, K., Dobbeleer, L. D., Renmans, W., Meeren, S. V., Jochmans, K., Delaere, A., et al. (2019) · Immunity & Ageing · doi:10.1186/s12979-019-0157-8 · Cited by 17
Gender-dependent frequency of unconventional T cells in a healthy adult Caucasian population: A combinational study of invariant NKT cells, γδ T cells, and mucosa-associated invariant T cells
Singh, P., Száraz‐Széles, M., Mezei, Z. A., Baráth, S., & Hevessy, Z. (2022) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1002/jlb.5a1121-583rr · Cited by 17
17th IHIW component “Immunogenetics of Ageing” – New NGS data
Ivanova, M., Creary, L. E., Hadra, B. A., Lukanov, T., Mazzocco, M., Sacchi, N., Ameen, R. M., Alshemmari, S., Moise, A., Ursu, L. D., et al. (2019) · Human Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2019.07.287 · Cited by 17
Splenic Function in Old Age
Ravaglia, G., Forti, P., Biagi, F., Maioli, F., Boschi, F., & Corazza, G. R. (1998) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000021990 · Cited by 17
Older Patients Are Immunocompromised by Cytokine Depletion and Loss of Innate Immune Function After HIP Fracture Surgery
Sutherland, A. G., Cook, A., Miller, C., Duncan, L., Yuecel, R., Heys, S. D., Hutchison, J. D., & Liversidge, J. (2015) · Geriatric Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/2151458515605564 · Cited by 18
Alteration of high-density lipoprotein functionality in Alzheimer’s disease patients
Camponova, P., Page, A. Y. L., Berrougui, H., Lamoureux, J., Pawelec, G., Witkowski, M. J., Fülöp, T., & Khalil, A. (2017) · Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1139/cjpp-2016-0710 · Cited by 17
“They were selected based on the SENIEUR (Senior Europeans) protocol recognized by the EURAGE Program on Aging of the European Community as the standard selection protocol for immuno-gerontological studies(Ligthart et al. 1984).”
Method
Plasma amino acid concentrations in healthy and cognitively impaired oldest-old individuals: associations with anthropometric parameters of body composition and functional disability
Ravaglia, G., Forti, P., Maioli, F., Bianchi, G. P., Sacchetti, L., Talerico, T., Nativio, V., Mariani, E., & Macini, P. (2002) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn2002700 · Cited by 17
“…cut-off points (19/30 for 0 to 4 years of education, 23/30 for 5 to 8 years, 27/30 for 9 to 12 years, 29/30 for 13 or more years), functioned well in their surroundings, and fulﬁlled the health admission criteria of the SENIEUR protocol for gerontological studies in man (Ligthart et al. 1984).”
Zinc and the immune system of elderly
Ibs, K.-H., Gabriel, P., & Rink, L. (2002) · Advances in cell aging and gerontology · doi:10.1016/s1566-3124(02)13014-8 · Cited by 17
Age-Dependent Changes of Serum Oxygen Radical Scavenger Capacity and Haemoglobin Glycosylation in Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetic Patients
Pieri, C., Testa, R., Marra, M., Bonfigli, A. R., Manfrini, S., & Testa, I. (2001) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000052779 · Cited by 17
Étude du profil immunitaire de sujets âgés hospitalisés en unité de court séjour gériatrique
Crétel, E., Veen, I. D. G.-V., Pierrès, A., Binan, Y., Robert, P., Loundou, A., Baumstarck, K., Hubert, A., Bongrand, P., & Heim, M. (2010) · La Revue de Médecine Interne · doi:10.1016/j.revmed.2010.10.002 · Cited by 17
Killer Immunoglobulin-like Receptors (KIR) haplogroups A and B track with Natural Killer Cells and Cytokine Profile in Aged Subjects: Observations from Octo/Nonagenarians in the Belfast Elderly Longitudinal Free-living Aging STudy (BELFAST)
Rea, I. M., Maxwell, L. D., McNerlan, S., Alexander, H. D., Curran, M. D., Middleton, D., & Ross, O. A. (2013) · Immunity & Ageing · doi:10.1186/1742-4933-10-35 · Cited by 16
“Elderly and very elderly subjects enlisted into the Belfast Elderly Longitudinal Free-living Ageing STudy (BELFAST) study gave written consent, were apparently well, lived independently in the community, were mentally competent [86] and met the criteria for inclusion in immuno-gerontological studies using the Senieur…”
Method
Validation, Reliability, and Responsiveness Outcomes of Kinematic Assessment with an RGB-D Camera to Analyze Movement in Subacute and Chronic Low Back Pain
Trinidad‐Fernández, M., Beckwée, D., Cuesta‐Vargas, A., González‐Sánchez, M., Moreno, F.-Á., González-Jiménez, J., Joos, E., & Vaes, P. (2020) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s20030689 · Cited by 16
“In addition, they were excluded if they had a hip arthroplasty in the last 6 months, participated in a study with an experimental treatment during the recruitment or the study, had a severe cardiovascular disease (Category D) according to the Senior Europeans (SENIEUR) protocol [24], had alterations in the participant…”
Method
Raloxifene reduces circulating levels of interleukin-7 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in postmenopausal women
Yasui, T., Uemura, H., Hyodo, S., Yamada, M., Yamamoto, S., Maegawa, M., Tsuchiya, N., Noguchi, M., Yuzurihara, M., Kase, Y., et al. (2008) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.09.014 · Cited by 16
Mood and cognition in healthy older European adults: the Zenith study
Simpson, E. E. A., Maylor, E. A., McConville, C., Stewart-Knox, B. J., Meunier, N., Andriollo-Sanchez, M., Polito, A., Intorre, F., McCormack, J. M., & Coudray, C. (2014) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/2050-7283-2-11 · Cited by 20
“Exclusion criteria were adapted from the SENIEUR protocol (Ligthart et al. 1984) for demographic suitability.”
SNARE Complex Polymorphisms Associate with Alterations of Visual Selective Attention in Alzheimer’s Disease
Costa, A. S., Guerini, F. R., Arosio, B., Galimberti, D., Zanzottera, M., Bianchi, A., Nemni, R., & Clerici, M. (2019) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-190147 · Cited by 16
“HC were selected according to the SENIEUR protocol for immuno-gerontological studies of European Community’s Control Action Programme on Aging [19, 20] and their cognitive status was assessed by administration of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (score for inclusion as normal control subjects ≥…”
Age-related differences in cell-specific cytokine production by acutely ill Malawian patients
PETTIFORD, J. N., Jason, J. M., Nwanyanwu, O., Archibald, L. K., Kazembe, P. N., Dobbie, H., & Jarvis, W. R. (2002) · Clinical & Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2249.2002.01813.x · Cited by 16
Peripheral non-enzymatic antioxidant changes with human aging: A selective status report
Polidori, M. C., Cherubini, A., Senin, U., & Mecocci, P. (2001) · Biogerontology · doi:10.1023/a:1011593319127 · Cited by 16
“It is important, therefore, to evaluate all aspects of life and health when studying oxidative stress in the elderly, to carefully list inclusion and exclusion criteria ( Lightart et al. 1984 ), and to consider different dietary habits when comparing ‘normal’ plasma antioxidant concentrations in populations from diffe…”
Background
Is There a Role For a Mucosal Influenza Vaccine in the Elderly?
Corrigan, E. M., & Clancy, R. L. (1999) · Drugs & Aging · doi:10.2165/00002512-199915030-00001 · Cited by 16
Level of NK cytotoxic activity in the elderly aged more than 80 years
Myśliwska, J. M., Bryl, E., Chodnik, T., Foerster, J., & Myśliwski, A. (1992) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/0167-4943(92)90036-4 · Cited by 16

Authors: Ligthart, G. J., Corberand, J. X., Fournier, C., Galanaud, P., Hijmans, W., Kennes, B., Müller-Hermelink, H. K., & Steinmann, G. G.
Affiliations: Leiden University (NL)
Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades (FR)
Université Paris-Sud (FR)
Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (DE)
Corresponding author: Ligthart, Gerard J.
ORCID: Galanaud, Pierre
Venue: Mechanisms of Ageing and Development
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1984-11
Volume: 28
Issue: 1
Pages: 47-55
ISSN: 0047-6374 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/0047-6374(84)90152-0
OpenAlex: W2037412303
Cited by: 754
References: 9
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 18
FWCI: 13.79
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Mechanisms of Ageing and Development (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
Keywords: healthy aging, reference values, age-related immune changes
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Aging, Cardiovascular Diseases, Humans, Immunity, Infections, Inflammation, Lymphoproliferative Disorders, Neoplasms, Research Design

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Admission criteria for immunogerontological studies in man: The senieur protocol

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