CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 3,294Acute Ischemic Stroke ManagementCerebrovascular and Carotid Artery DiseasesIntracerebral and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Research

Classification and natural history of clinically identifiable subtypes of cerebral infarction

Bamford, J., Sandercock, P., Dennis, M., Warlow, C., Burn, J.·1991·The Lancet
DOI 10.1016/0140-6736(91)93206-o
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

We describe the incidence and natural history of four clinically identifiable subgroups of cerebral infarction in a community-based study of 675 patients with first-ever stroke. Of 543 patients with a cerebral infarct, 92 (17%) had large anterior circulation infarcts with both cortical and subcortical involvement (total anterior circulation infarcts, TACI); 185 (34%) had more restricted and predominantly cortical infarcts (partial anterior circulation infarcts, PACI); 129 (24%) had infarcts clearly associated with the vertebrobasilar arterial territory (posterior circulation infarcts, POCI); and 137 (25%) had infarcts confined to the territory of the deep perforating arteries (lacunar infarcts, LACI). There were striking differences in natural history between the groups. The TACI group had a negligible chance of good functional outcome and mortality was high. More than twice as many deaths were due to the complications of immobility than to direct neurological sequelae of the infarct. Patients in the PACI group were much more likely to have an early recurrent stroke than were patients in other groups. Those in the POCI group were at greater risk of a recurrent stroke later in the first year after the index event but had the best chance of a good functional outcome. Despite the small anatomical size of the infarcts in the LACI group, many patients remained substantially handicapped. The findings have important implications for the planning of stroke treatment trials and suggest that various therapies could be directed specifically at the subgroups.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/0140-6736(91)93206-o

Cites

1 of 1 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • The most common type of stroke within the RCT was lacunar syndrome (LACS), followed by partial anterior circulation stroke (PACS) and posterior circulation syndrome (POCS).

    “According to the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project classification [60], the most common type of stroke within the RCT was lacunar syndrome (LACS), followed by partial anterior circulation stroke (PACS) and posterior circulation syndrome (POCS).”

    From Early Occupational Therapy Intervention post-stroke (EOTIPS): A randomized controlled trial (2024) · cites this paper as [60]

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Bamford, J., Sandercock, P., Dennis, M., Warlow, C., & Burn, J.
Affiliations
St James's University Hospital (GB)
ORCID
Venue
The Lancet
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
1991-06
Volume
337
Issue
8756
Pages
1521-1526
ISSN
  • 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
  • 0140-6736
DOI
10.1016/0140-6736(91)93206-o
OpenAlex
W2078103827
Cited by
3,294
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 45 · 2025: 55 · 2024: 85 · 2023: 90 · 2022: 116 · 2021: 124 · 2020: 118 · 2019: 116 · 2018: 135 · 2017: 115 · 2016: 141 · 2015: 140 · 2014: 169 · 2013: 158 · 2012: 129
FWCI
15.18
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • The Lancet (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Intracerebral and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Research
Keywords
cerebral infarction, stroke subtypes, natural history (disease), lacunar infarction, posterior circulation infarction, anterior circulation infarction, stroke recurrence, functional outcome, mortality, immobilization complications
MeSH terms
Age Factors, Aged, Cerebral Infarction, Female, Follow-Up Studies, United Kingdom, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Recurrence, Risk Factors, Incidence

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review