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Empathic responsiveness and affective reactivity to infant stimuli in high- and low-risk for physical child abuse mothers

Milner, Joel S., Halsey, Lea B., Fultz, Jim·1995·Child Abuse & Neglect

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Abstract

Empathic responsiveness and affective reactivity to infant stimuli were examined in matched groups of high- and low-risk for physical child abuse mothers. Hypotheses were generated based on models of aggression and the child abuse literature. Although no between-group differences were found in empathy, within-group differences were observed. Compared to baseline, high-risk mothers reported no change (p > .05) in empathy across infant conditions (baseline, smiling, quiet, and crying), while low-risk mothers reported an increase (p < .0005) in empathy following presentation of the crying infant. Although there was no change in empathy, high-risk mothers reported more sadness, distress, hostility, unhappiness, and less quietness following presentation of the crying infant. Low-risk mothers reported no changes in sadness, distress, and hostility. The data for high-risk mothers are congruent with reports that physical child abusers are less empathic and more hostile in response to a crying child. The findings support aggression models which suggest the lack of empathy and the presence of negative affectivity precede abusive behavior. Post-hoc analyses also provide support for an emotional contagion perspective, where high-risk parents, compared to low-risk parents, are thought to more frequently reflect the emotional state of the infant.

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Editorial: Parental empathy, emotionality, and the potential for child abuse
JONES, D. P. H. (1995) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/0145-2134(95)00034-6 · Cited by 1
Gender Differences of Multimodal Responses to Child and Non-Child Stressors
Kovar, M. M. (2011) · University of North Florida Digital Commons (University of North Florida)
The mechanisms of transmission: Examining the effects of childhood interpersonal violence across generations
Nemeth, A. (2014) · CUNY Academic Works (City University of New York)
Fathers' Physiological Reactions to Child-Related Stimuli and Observed Fathering Behaviors
Hunter, B. (2004) · University of North Florida Digital Commons (University of North Florida)
Mirror Neurons and Their Reflections
Cabıoğlu, M. T., & İşeri, S. Ö. (2015) · OALib · doi:10.4236/oalib.1102001
“Maltreating mothers have less empathetic and aversive feelings toward a crying infant [49].”
Background
Maltreatment in the Father-child Relationship: An Exploration of Problematic Relational Dynamics
Stewart, L.-L. (2012) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
How Can It Be?
Batson, C. D. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190651374.003.0012
How to Find It
Batson, C. D. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190651374.003.0003
Some Good News
Batson, C. D. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190651374.003.0013
Self–Other Merging
Batson, C. D. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190651374.003.0010
Premature Release of the Prime
Batson, C. D. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190651374.003.0011
Avoiding Shame and Guilt
Batson, C. D. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190651374.003.0005
An Unsettling Surprise
Batson, C. D. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190651374.003.0001
One Way to Feel Better
Batson, C. D. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190651374.003.0007
The Prime Suspect
Batson, C. D. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190651374.003.0004
The Pleasure of Empathic Joy
Batson, C. D. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190651374.003.0008
Mothers with a History of Childhood Abuse Show Significant Bonding Impairments Towards their Infant
Moehler, E. (2018) · Journal of Gynecology and Womens Health · doi:10.19080/jgwh.2018.12.555828
“Also, it has been found that abused mothers rarely identify their infants’ emotional signals correctly [15], and their empathic responsiveness and affective reactivity have been shown to be lowered [16].”
Systemic Approaches to Child Maltreatment
Rhoades, K. A., Mitnick, D. M., Heyman, R. E., Slep, A. M. S., & Vecchio, T. D. (2020) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119438519.ch40

Authors: Milner, J. S., Halsey, L. B., & Fultz, J.
Affiliations: Northern Illinois University (US)
Corresponding author: Milner, Joel S.
ORCID: Milner, Joel S.
Venue: Child Abuse & Neglect
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1995-06
Volume: 19
Issue: 6
Pages: 767-780
ISSN: 0145-2134 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/0145-2134(95)00035-7
OpenAlex: W2039105550
Cited by: 122
References: 40
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 2 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 6
FWCI: 4.47
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Child Abuse & Neglect (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Child Welfare and Adoption
Keywords: child physical abuse, maternal empathy, emotional reactivity, infant crying, maternal hostility, negative affectivity, aggression models, emotional contagion, maternal emotions, high-risk mothers, child maltreatment risk, mother-infant interaction
MeSH terms: Adult, Affect, Child, Child Abuse, Child, Preschool, Empathy, Female, Humans, Infant, Mother-Child Relations, Personality Inventory, Risk Factors

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Empathic responsiveness and affective reactivity to infant stimuli in high- and low-risk for physical child abuse mothers

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