Cited by 132Circadian rhythm and melatoninAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesBipolar Disorder and Treatment

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Validation of the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ).

Magnusson, Andres·1996·Journal of Affective Disorders

DOI 10.1016/0165-0327(96)00036-5

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Abstract

The validity of the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ) was examined by interviewing 81 individuals who had participated in an earlier community survey of seasonal affective disorder (SAD) in Iceland. When SAD and subsyndromal SAD (S-SAD) were combined into a 'winter problem' group, the questionnaire's sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value for that group were 94%, 73% and 45%, respectively. The SPAQ discriminated poorly between SAD and S-SAD, and hence it had a poor case-finding ability for SAD. Clinical evaluation verified a diagnosis of SAD in individuals who had no previous information about this syndrome. The questionnaire furthermore identified a group of individuals who had generalized anxiety and marked seasonal variations. Clinical evaluation arrived at a similar prevalence rate of SAD as the questionnaire.

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Authors: Magnusson, A.
Venue: Journal of Affective Disorders
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1996-10
Volume: 40
Issue: 3
Pages: 121-129
ISSN: 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/0165-0327(96)00036-5
OpenAlex: W2086006187
Cited by: 132
References: 26
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 4
FWCI: 0.68
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
Keywords: Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire, seasonal affective disorder, questionnaire validation, case finding, sensitivity and specificity, prevalence
MeSH terms: Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Iceland, Male, Personality Inventory, Psychometrics, Seasons, Sensitivity and Specificity, Reproducibility of Results, Incidence, Seasonal Affective Disorder

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Validation of the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ).

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