Facets of emotional Expressivity: Three self-report factors and their correlates

“Emotional Expression Emotional expression was measured using the self-reported, 16-item Berkeley Expressivity Questionnaire [30].”

“The Five Expressivity Facet Scale (FEF; Gross & John, 1995) measures emotional expressivity as a multidimensional construct that consists of expressive confidence, positive and negative expressivity, impulse intensity, and masking (Gross & John, 1998).”

“Specifically, several researchers (Kring & Gordon, 1998; Gross & John, 1995; Brody & Hall, 2010) found that females are more emotionally expressive.”

“…Questionnaire (BEQ) was originally conceptualized with a tripartite structure encompassing Positive Expressivity (PE), Negative Expressivity (NE), and Impulse Strength (IS), with the latter dimension assessing generalized emotional intensity irrespective of valence (Gross and John, 1995).”

“Others have examined the relations among cognitive-emotional processes in different cultures [21], identifying distinct components within the domain of emotional expressivity [12].”

“…que os homens, vão de encontro aos da maioria dos estudos que procuraram averiguar a existência de diferenças de género na expressividade emocional (e.g., Allen & Haccoun, 1976; Balswick & Avertt, 1997; Gross & John, 1995; Halberstadt, Hayes, & Pike, 1988; Kring et al., 1994; Kring & Gordon, 1998).”

“Empirische Studien belegen, dass Neurotizismus mit der Häufigkeit und Intensität negativer emotionaler Erlebnisse verbunden ist (Tellegen, 1985).”

“The Berkeley Emotional Expressivity Scale (Gross and John, 1995) and Emotional Expression Scale (King & Emmons, 1990 ) have been adapted into Turkish; however, the vast majority of the existing scales seem to evaluate emo - tional expressions broadly or categorize them under the parameters of expressiveness, impulsive…”

“The Berkeley Expressivity Questionnaire (Gross & John, 1995;α= 0.83) measured three aspects of emotion expressivity: positive expressivity, which is the strength in expressing positive emotions; negative expressivity, which is the strength in expressing negative emotions; and intensity of impulses…”

“…del comportamiento donde las reglas culturales de este comportamiento generalmente promueven la EP y restringen la EN (Wallbott & Scherer, 1989); la exploración de este comportamiento en población no clínica revela que los participantes generalmente reportan mayor EP que EN (Gross & John, 1995).”

“The Chinese version of the BEQ had high validity and reliability (Zhao et al. 2015).”

“Suppression involves masking one's true feelings, and attitudes to be more acceptable to oneself and others (Gross & John, 1995).”

“Individual differences in expressiveness may be shaped by socialization, cultural values, and underlying neurobiology (Gross & John, 1995; Mauss, Butler, Roberts, & Chu, 2010).”

“The Berkeley Expressivity Questionnaire (BEQ; Gross and John, 1995) was used to assess personal emotional expression.”

“Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ: Gross and John, 1995): This is a 10 item self-report measure that uses a 7 point Likert scaling system.”

“(BEQ) consists of 16 items rated on a 7- point scale (1- strongly disagree, 7- strongly agree), was developed by Gross and John (1995) to examine the emotional expression characteristics of individuals and was later adapted to Turkish by Akın (2011) (4,12).”

“Berkeley Emotion Expressivity Questionnaire (BEQ, Gross & John, 1995) comprises of 16 questions.”

“Secondly, previous studies have suggested that there may be gender differences in emotion expression, with women tending to be more emotionally expressive than men.[4, 41, 42] Since female patients made up nearly half of our sample, we speculated that the difference in emotion expression between genders might have att…”

“…opposites of the same continuum; that is, ‘‘the tendency to express positive emotions’’ may be different from the tendency to express negative emotions (Barchard, 2001, p. 14), and these two constructs relate to different dimensions of personality (e.g., Gross & John, 1995; Martin et al., 1999).”

“These findings are compatible with the negative relationship between neuroticism and emotion expressiveness (Gross & John, 1995).”

“The Berkeley Emotion Expressivity Questionnaire (BEEQ) comprised sixteen items (Gross & John, 1995).”

“Based on previous studies, I predicted females would report significantly higher levels of emotional expressivity; however, even though significant sex differences exist on the BEQ, these mean level differences were not expected to influence its factor structure (Gross & John, 1995).”

“Gross and John (1995) found the effects of gender, ethnic groups, and personality characteristics on the BEQ.”

“Previous research indicates that higher levels of Openness to Experience are associated with a greater tendency toward emotional expressivity (Gross and John 1995).”

“The Interpersonal Regulation Scale (Williams et al., 2018), assesses individuals’ tendency to engage in IER behaviors, the impact of these behaviors, and the benefits they derive from them.”

“Given past fi ndings showing that people tend to suppress negative emotions, we might expect people to select the angry and sad emojis less frequently in the Expression and Reputation condition 15,16,93 .”

“There may also be individual differences in the ability to use written language to describe one ’ s internal emotional experience (Gross & John, 1995) and this may be particularly relevant for international students, who may vary in their ability to express these experiences in their second…”

“More recent research has been demonstrating increased attention regarding the conceptualization of emotional expressivity constructs and understanding its role in social functionality, and physical and psychological health benefits [2,12,19,30] .”

“The BEQ score calculation is presented in [35].”

“It was pointed out in the literature since inter- and intra-personal processes are influenced by emotional tendencies, individual differences with respect to these tendencies are important (Gross & John, 1995) and mentioned results are consistent with this claim.”

“Emotional Expression Questionnaire (EEQ; Gross & John, 1995) applied to Brazilian elderly.”

“The 6-item Berkely Expressivity Questionnaire (BEQ; Gross and John 1995) was used to assess Impulse Strength, that is, strong emotional reactions that are difficult to hide or stop, example item: “I have strong emotions.””

“The 17 included studies were published between 1958 and 2023,with the majority originating from China [10–15], the United States [1, 16–24] and Germany [25].”

“37 The majority of the body of facial expression literature measures facial behavior via self-report questionnaires, e.g., 38 or relatively artificial non-social laboratory studies, e.g., posing facial expressions, reacting to video stimuli 39,40 so the need for better ecological validity is…”

“Convergent validity has been shown with expected gender and cultural differences as well as associations to personality dimensions [55].”

“Emotion expression refers to various ways young children vent and express their inner emotional experiences (Gross and John, 1995).”

“…might influence the results and focus more specifically on how the interactions between expressor ethnicity and specific emotions might influence recognition (for previous work on ethnic differences in expressivity, see for example Consedine & Magai, 2002; Gross & John, 1995; Matsumoto, 1993).”

“Accordingly, emotional expressivity consists of (1) the strength of emotional impulses, referred to as emotion strength, and (2) positive and negative expressivity, referring to the actual expression of specific positive and negative emotions (Gross & John, 1995).”

“Emotional expression encompasses behavioral changes accompanying emotions, such as facial expressions, voice modulation, posture, and body movements (Gross & John, 1995; 1997).”

“…konulardan biridir ve duyguların ölçülmesi konusunda çok sayıda ölçek ve çalışma bu-lunmaktadır (Araz ve Erkuş, 2014; Garnefski ve Kraa-ij, 2006; Gross ve John, 1995; Gullone ve Taffe, 2012; Hofmann, Carpenter ve Curtiss, 2016; King ve Emmons, 1990; Shields ve Cicchetti, 1997; Ulaşan-Özgüle,…”

“This is because there can be wide variability between people in terms of emotional expressivity, which is shaped by numerous factors including gender and personality [7, 8].”

“Emotional expressivity, which was one of the dependent variables in this study, was measured using the Berkeley Expressivity Questionnaire (Gross and John, 1995).”

“shown to effect the emotional reaction of individuals [31-35] .”

“Gross와 John의 연구에서는 긍정적인 감정표현, 부정적인 감정표현 및 감정표현 강도라는 감정표현의 세 가지 요소를 제시했다[32].”

“By adhering to this goal, the Berkeley Emotional Expression scale developed by Gross and John (1995) was used by Akın (2011).”

“Likewise, Gross and John (1995) surveyed four diverse cultures, namely Asian, African-American, Caucasian and Spanish cultures, and concluded that Asians were the least determined to express their emotions.”