The DOI matches its Crossref record; 83 of the 84 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
‘What’ and ‘where’ in the human brain
Abstract
Multiple visual areas in the cortex of nonhuman primates are organized into two hierarchically organized and functionally specialized processing pathways, a 'ventral stream' for object vision and a 'dorsal stream' for spatial vision. Recent findings from positron emission tomography activation studies have localized these pathways within the human brain, yielding insights into cortical hierarchies, specialization of function, and attentional mechanisms.
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“There is an interesting structure to the anti-edges that speaks to the well known segregation of dorsal and ventral pathways in the visual system (Ungerleider & Haxby 1994): The missing connections are between (i) the superior temporal sulcus and the early visual system, and (ii) the (ventral) superior temporal sulcus/angular gyrus and (dorsal) posterior parietal cortex.”
From Network discovery with DCM (2011) · cites this paper as Ungerleider & Haxby 1994
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Cites
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“Work of this kind has been central to the development of the two-stream hypothesis of vision (Ungerleider and Haxby, 1994), and has helped fuel debates about regional specialization in cortex, as well as the relative contributions of genetics and our environment to the behavior of neural systems.”
BackgroundParr, T., Sajid, N., & Friston, K. J. (2020) · Entropy · doi:10.3390/e22050552 · Cited by 39
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“…layers of the LGN and includes anterior regions of the inferior temporal lobe such as V4 (Gulyás, Heywood, Popplewell, Roland & Cowey, 1994; Livingstone & Hubel, 1988; Merigan & Maunsell, 1993; Ungerleider & Haxby, 1994; Ungerleider & Mishkin, 1982; Yabuta & Callaway, 1998; Zeki et al ., 1991).”
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“Further, for the visual input it is well established that it provides external spatial information in the so-called ‘‘dorsal stream’’ in contrast to the ‘‘ventral stream’’ which projects to the temporal lobe conveying object characteristics (Ungerleider and Haxby 1994).”
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“…sulcus (IPS), have both been linked to preparation for action (Chao and Martin, 2000; Corbetta and Shulman, 2002; Goodale and Milner, 1992; Goodale et al., 1991; Grill-Spector and Malach, 2004; Mishkin et al., 1983; Shmuelof and Zohary, 2005; Shulman et al., 1997; Ungerleider and Haxby, 1994).”
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“These pathways respectively underlie object identification and the determination of spatial Žlocation Ungerleider and Haxby, 1994; Milner and Goodale, 1995; Koch and Braun, .1996 .”
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Moritz, C. H., Johnson, S. C., McMillan, K. M., Haughton, V. M., & Meyerand, M. E. (2004) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617704107042 · Cited by 34
“The object identification and naming demands should involve the ventral temporo– occipital area (Ungerleider & Haxby, 1994).”
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“The order of the conditions was counterbalanced among the participants.”
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“According to the dual-route theory of visual processing (e.g., Goodale and Milner, 1992), the division of labor between a dorsal “where” stream and a ventral “what” stream is one of the most fundamental principles of information processing in the brain (Ungerleider and Haxby, 1994).”
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González-Hernández, J. A., Cedeño, I., Pita-Alcorta, C., Galán, L., Aubert, E., & Figueredo-Rodríguez, P. (2003) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/s0167-8760(03)00019-9 · Cited by 32
“This may reflect an abnormal activity in an area involved in visual information processing (Ungerleider and Haxby, 1994).”
BackgroundChan, S., Tang, S., Tang, K.-W., Lee, W.-K., Lo, S.-S., & Kwong, K. K. (2009) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.078 · Cited by 32
“Occipitotemporal cortex is functionally segregated, and anatomically part of the ventral stream important for object perception and recognition (Ungerleider and Haxby, 1994) also participates in the extraction of orthographic regularities for retrieving phonology in alphabetic language processing (Cohen et al.”
20 years later: A second look on DF's motor behaviour
Himmelbach, M., Boehme, R., & Karnath, H. (2011) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.11.011 · Cited by 32
“In contrast to preceding models (Ungerleider & Haxby, 1994) the authors postulated a division of visual processing with regard to its purpose.”
A supramodal network for response inhibition
Walther, S., Goya‐Maldonado, R., Stippich, C., Weisbrod, M., & Kaiser, S. (2010) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/wnr.0b013e328335640f · Cited by 33
Activation differences in observation of hand movements for imitation or velocity judgement
Boris Suchan, A., Melde, C., Herzog, H. R., Hömberg, V., & Seitz, R. J. (2007) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2007.10.021 · Cited by 31
Hemispheric Asymmetry of Human Brain Anatomical Network Revealed by Diffusion Tensor Tractography
Shu, N., Liu, Y., Duan, Y., & Li, K. (2015) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2015/908917 · Cited by 35
“(2) Visual function: middle and inferior temporal gyrus [62, 63], calcarine fissure, and surrounding cortex [62, 64].”
BackgroundNakamura, M., Kaneoke, Y., Watanabe, K., & Kakigi, R. (2002) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.2002.02227.x · Cited by 32
“…the visuospatial cognitive de®cits of KT are related to a selective dysfunction of the dorsal stream of the visual system because this stream is considered to be exclusively responsible for the analysis of the spatial aspects of visual information (Jernigan et al., 1993; Ungerleider & Haxby, 1994).”
MethodHoenig, K., Hochrein, A., Müller, D., & Wagner, M. (2002) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291702005421 · Cited by 32
“…a dorsal (spatial action control) and a ventral (object identification) pathway in visual processing (Mishkin et al. 1983; Moran & Desimone, 1985; Ungerleider & Haxby, 1994; Milner & Goodale, 1995) the findings of selective NP impairments with respect to specific stimulus characteristics, or a…”
BackgroundForeshortened Dorsal Extension of the Central Sulcus in Williams Syndrome
Jackowski, A. P., & Schultz, R. T. (2005) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/s0010-9452(08)70266-1 · Cited by 32
Reversing spoken items?mind twisting not tongue twisting
Rudner, M., Rönnberg, J., & Hugdahl, K. (2004) · Brain and Language · doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2004.05.010 · Cited by 31
Riesenhuber, M., & Wolff, B. S. (2009) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2009.07.004 · Cited by 30
“It models the cortical ventral visual stream (Ungerleider & Haxby, 1994) running from primary visual cortex, V1, over extrastriate visual areas V2 and V4 to inferotemporal cortex, IT.”
Higher visual responses in the temporal cortex of mice
Nishio, N., Tsukano, H., Hishida, R., Abe, M., Nakai, J., Kawamura, M., Aiba, A., Sakimura, K., & Shibuki, K. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-29530-3 · Cited by 31
Using structural and functional brain imaging to uncover how the brain adapts to blindness
Hirsch, G. V., Bauer, C. M., & Merabet, L. B. (2015) · Journal of Psychiatry and Brain Functions · doi:10.7243/2055-3447-2-7 · Cited by 39
Raffi, M., & Piras, A. (2019) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app9050934 · Cited by 29
Common and distinct brain networks of autoscopic phenomena
Blondiaux, E., Heydrich, L., & Blanke, O. (2021) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102612 · Cited by 35
Side and Type of Initial Motor Symptom Influences Visuospatial Functioning in Parkinson's Disease
Seichepine, D. R., Neargarder, S. A., Davidsdottir, S., Reynolds, G., & Cronin‐Golomb, A. (2015) · Journal of Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.3233/jpd-140365 · Cited by 31
“Appreciation of the spatial relations among objects relies on the dorsal visual stream extending from the striate cortex to the parietal lobes [46].”
Luís, E. O., Arrondo, G., Vidorreta, M., Martı́nez, M., Loayza, F. R., Fernández‐Seara, M. A., & Pastor, M. A. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0131536 · Cited by 33
“These regions are often reported as the dorsal visual recognition pathway [43].”
Sekuler, R., Watamaniuk, S. N. J., & Blake, R. (2002) · Cited by 30
Bernstein, L. E., Eberhardt, S. P., & Auer, E. T. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00934 · Cited by 31
Visual Rehabilitation of Children with Visual Impairments
Vervloed, M. P. J., Janssen, N. M., & Knoors, H. E. T. (2006) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/00004703-200612000-00008 · Cited by 31
“Homologies with cortical areas in monkeys or other animals, therefore, remain tentative.(68) Brain Plasticity The next presumption is that the anatomy, physiology, and neural base of the visual system changes as a result of visual stimulation.”
BackgroundThe Role of Relevance and Cognition in Attention-guiding Geovisualisation
Swienty, O., Reichenbacher, T., Reppermund, S., & Zihl, J. (2008) · The Cartographic Journal · doi:10.1179/000870408x311422 · Cited by 31
“The ‘where’ path processes spatial properties of g r aph (Ungerleider and Haxby, 1994; Grill-Spector and Malach, 2004 scanning (e.g. shifting attention, selecting relevant and omitting irrelevant information).”
BackgroundThe influence of caffeine on spatial-selective attention: an event-related potential study
Ruijter, J. D., de Ruiter, M. B., Snel, J., & Lorist, M. M. (2000) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/s1388-2457(00)00462-4 · Cited by 31
Brain Plasticity in Blind Subjects Centralizes Beyond the Modal Cortices
Ortiz-Terán, L., Ortiz, T., Perez, D. L., Aragón, J. I., Diez, I. P., Pascual‐Leone, Á., & Sepulcre, J. (2016) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2016.00061 · Cited by 36
“Functional connectivity patterns have been shown to be complex and regionspecific, with for instance high local modularity in primary sensory cortices and widespread distant connections in highorder processing areas such as multimodal and association cortices (Jones and Powell, 1970; Mesulam, 1990, 2008; Felleman and…”
BackgroundDistinct Patterns of Atypical Functional Connectivity in Lower-Functioning Autism
Reiter, M. A., Mash, L. E., Linke, A. C., Fong, C., Fishman, I., & Müller, R. (2018) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2018.08.009 · Cited by 34
“Our finding of weak iFC between lower-order visual cortices and the pSTS in the L-ASD group may reflect reduced processing along the ventral visual stream, which is important for object identification and higher-order visual processing (64).”
BackgroundSalience Models: A Computational Cognitive Neuroscience Review
Krasovskaya, S., & MacInnes, W. J. (2019) · Vision · doi:10.3390/vision3040056 · Cited by 32
“According to the theory, visual areas are hierarchically organized into two separate processing streams running ventrally and dorsally and are responsible for object (the ‘what’ stream) and spatial location (the ‘where’ stream) processing, respectively [24].”
BackgroundDistinct pathways involved in sound recognition and localization: A human fMRI study
Maeder, P. P., Meuli, R. A., Adriani, M., Fornari, E., Thiran, J., Pittet, A., & Clarke, S. (2000) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(00)90986-8 · Cited by 31
Williams syndrome and deficiency in visuospatial recognition
Nakamura, M., Watanabe, K., Matsumoto, A., Yamanaka, T., Kumagai, T., Miyazaki, S., Matsushima, M., & Mita, K. (2001) · Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology · doi:10.1017/s0012162201001128 · Cited by 31
Giaccio, R. G. (2005) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.04.021 · Cited by 34
Tay, A. L. P., Żurada, J. M., Wong, L.-P., & Xu, J. (2007) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks · doi:10.1109/tnn.2007.900231 · Cited by 30
Dima, D. C., Perry, G., & Singh, K. D. (2018) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.06.033 · Cited by 34
Metadata
- Authors
- Ungerleider, L. G., & Haxby, J. V.
- Affiliations
- National Institute of Mental Health (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Neurobiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1994
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 157-165
- ISSN
- 0959-4388 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1968001820
- Semantic Scholar
- f555892206c2fd773b6c4d311dc616f9aa3fae23
- Cited by
- 1,913
- References
- 84
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 70 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 63 · 2020: 96 · 2019: 82 · 2018: 66 · 2017: 73 · 2016: 69 · 2015: 77 · 2014: 69 · 2013: 82 · 2012: 76
- FWCI
- 3.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Neurobiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System (Università degli Studi di Trento) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Visual Attention and Saliency Detection
- Keywords
- ventral stream, dorsal stream, object vision, spatial vision, visual cortex, cortical hierarchy, functional specialization, attention, human brain
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Attention, Brain, Brain Diseases, Cerebral Cortex, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Face, Humans, Primates, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways
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