Cited by 369Polysaccharides Composition and ApplicationsSeaweed-derived Bioactive CompoundsPolysaccharides and Plant Cell Walls

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 695 of the 703 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Polysaccharides of the red algae

Usov, Anatolii I.·2011·Advances in carbohydrate chemistry and biochemistry

Abstract

Red algae (Rhodophyta) are known as the source of unique sulfated galactans, such as agar, agarose, and carrageenans. The wide practical uses of these polysaccharides are based on their ability to form strong gels in aqueous solutions. Gelling polysaccharides usually have molecules built up of repeating disaccharide units with a regular distribution of sulfate groups, but most of the red algal species contain more complex galactans devoid of gelling ability because of various deviations from the regular structure. Moreover, several red algae may contain sulfated mannans or neutral xylans instead of sulfated galactans as the main structural polysaccharides. This chapter is devoted to a description of the structural diversity of polysaccharides found in the red algae, with special emphasis on the methods of structural analysis of sulfated galactans. In addition to the structural information, some data on the possible use of red algal polysaccharides as biologically active polymers or as taxonomic markers are briefly discussed.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/b978-0-12-385520-6.00004-2

Cites

695 of 695 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Show all 703 references

Research works printed but not linked: 80

  1. Araki, 1937, Agar-agar. III. Acetylation of the agar-like substance of Gelidium amansii L., J. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 58, 1338
  2. Yarotsky, 1977, Analysis of 13C-NMR spectra of some red seaweed galactans, Sov. J. Bioorg. Chem., 3, 840
  3. Rees, 1982, Shapes and interactions of carbohydrate chains, Vol. 1, 195
  4. Marchessault, 1983, Cellulose, Vol. 2, 11
  5. Usov, 1978, Polysaccharides of algae. 23. Polysaccharides of the red alga Bangia fuscopurpurea (Dillw.) Lyngb., Sov. J. Bioorg. Chem., 4, 51
  6. Usov, 1978, Polysaccharides of algae. 22. Polysaccharide composition of Rhodymenia stenogona Perest. and use of carbon-13 nmr spectroscopy for determining the structure of xylans, Sov. J. Bioorg. Chem., 4, 44
  7. Usov, 1974, Polysaccharides of algae. 14. Isolation of sulfated mannan and neutral xylan from the red alga Nemalion vermiculare, Zh. Obshch. Khim., 44, 416
  8. Usov, 1981, Polysaccharides of algae. 32. Polysaccharides of the red seaweed Galaxaura squalida Kjellm, Sov. J. Bioorg. Chem., 7, 692
  9. Usov, 1975, Polysaccharides of algae. 20. Studies on odonthalan, a sulfated polysaccharide from the red alga Odonthalia corymbifera (Gmel.) J.Ag., Sov. J. Bioorg. Chem., 1, 693
  10. Stancioff, 1969, Infrared and chemical studies on algal polysaccharides, Proc. Int. Seaweed Symp., 6, 595
  11. Mollion, 1986, Isolation of a new type of carrageenan from Rissoella verruculosa (Bert.) J. Ag. (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales), Bot. Mar., 29, 549
  12. BeMiller, 1965, Agar. Preparation of agar and agarose; methanolysis; mercaptolysis, Methods, Carbohydr. Chem., 5, 65
  13. Painter, 1965, Kappa-Carrageenan. Isolation of κ-carrageenan from red algae, Methods Carbohydr. Chem., 5, 98
  14. Araki, 1937, Agar-agar. I. Chemical changes in the process of preparation of agar-agar, J. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 58, 1085
  15. Usov, 1979, Polysaccharides of algae. 29. Agar composition in different generations of Gracilaria verrucosa (Huds.) Papenf., Sov. J. Bioorg. Chem., 5, 1219
  16. Usov, 1990, Polysaccharides of algae. 42. Composition and properties of agars from the Black Sea red seaweeds Gracilaria verrucosa (Huds.) Papenf. f. procerima and Gracilaria dura (Ag.) J. Ag., Sov. J. Bioorg. Chem., 16, 885
  17. Araki, 1938, Agar-agar VII l-Galactose and its derivatives, J. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 59, 424
  18. Araki, 1937, Agar-agar. II. Agar-like substance of Gelidium amansii L., J. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 58, 1214
  19. Hirase, 1972, The presence of pyruvate residues in λ-carrageenan and a similar polysaccharide, Bull. Inst. Chem. Res. Kyoto Univ., 50, 332
  20. Araki, 1944, Chemical studies on agar-agar. XIV. Investigation of component sugars of agar-agar by methanolysis. 1. Separation of 3,6-anhydro-l-galactose dimethylacetal, J. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 65, 725
  21. Kochetkov, 1970, Polysaccharides of algae. 4. Fractionation and methanolysis of a sulfated polysaccharide from Laingia pacifica Yamada, Zh. Obshch. Khim., 40, 2469
  22. Usov, 1971, Polysaccharides of algae. 7. Preliminary investigation of polysaccharides of the red alga Rhodomela larix (Turn.) C.Ag., Zh. Obshch. Khim., 41, 1154
  23. Usov, 1991, Quantitative determination of 3,6-anhydrogalactose derivatives and partial fragmentation of the red algal galactans under reductive hydrolysis conditions, Bioorg. Khim., 17, 839
  24. Araki, 1944, Chemical studies on agar-agar. XIII. 1. Separation of agarobiose from the agar-agar-like substance of Gelidium amansii by partial hydrolysis, J. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 65, 533
  25. Usov, 1981, Identification of 3,6-anhydrogalactose derivatives as N-phenylosotriazoles, Sov. J. Bioorg. Chem., 7, 752
  26. Usov, 1985, Identification of various cleavage products of red seaweed galactans in the form of pyridylamino derivatives, Sov. J. Bioorg. Chem., 11, 596
  27. Usov, 1989, Elashvili, Specific fragmentation of red algal galactans under reducing conditions, F. E. C. S. Fifth Int. Conf. Chem. Biotechnol. Biol. Active Nat. Prod. Conf. Proc. Bulgarian Acad. Sci., 2, 346
  28. Usov, 1992, Polysaccharides of algae. 46. Studies on agar from the red seaweed Gelidiella acerosa, Sov. J. Bioorg. Chem., 18, 588
  29. Kochetkov, 1971, Polysaccharides of algae. 8. Acetolysis of λ-polysaccharide from Tichocarpus crinitus (Gmel.) Rupr., Zh. Obshch. Khim., 41, 1160
  30. Usov, 1978, Polysaccharides of algae. 27. Partial acetolysis of the sulfated galactan from the red seaweed Grateloupia divaricata Okam, Sov. J. Bioorg. Chem., 4, 814
  31. Painter, 1959, Isolation of sulphated sugars from some algal polysaccharides, Chem. Ind., 1488
  32. Kochetkov, 1973, Polysaccharides of algae. 12. Partial hydrolysis of a polysaccharide from Laingia pacifica Yamada, Zh. Obshch. Khim., 43, 1832
  33. Kochetkov, 1967, Polysaccharides of algae. 1. Water-soluble polysaccharides of the red seaweed Laingia pacifica, Zh. Obshch. Khim., 37, 792
  34. Usov, 1975, Solvolytic desulfation of dextran sulfate, Sov. J. Bioorg. Chem., 1, 506
  35. Usov, 1972, Polysaccharides of algae. 9. Solvolytic desulfation of a polysaccharide from the red seaweed Laingia pacifica Yamada, Zh. Obshch. Khim., 42, 945
  36. Takano, 1998, Specific 6-O-desulfation of heparin, Carbohydr. Lett., 3, 71
  37. Araki, 1937, Agar-agar. V. d-Galactose and its derivatives, J. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 58, 1362
  38. Usov, 1981, Polysaccharides of algae. 30. Methylation of κ-carrageenan type polysaccharides of the red seaweeds Tichocarpus crinitus (Gmel.) Rupr., Furcellaria fastigiata (Huds.) Lam. and Phyllophora nervosa (De Cand.) Grev., Sov. J. Bioorg. Chem., 7, 222
  39. Kochetkov, 1972, Polysaccharides of algae. 11. Methylation analysis of a polysaccharide from Laingia pacifica Yamada, Zh. Obshch. Khim., 42, 2309
  40. Hakomori, 1964, Rapid permethylation of glycolipids and polysaccharides, catalyzed by methylsulfinyl carbanion in dimethyl sulfoxide, J. Biochem., 55, 205
  41. Usov, 1969, Polysaccharides of algae. 3. Isolation and preliminary investigation of a λ-polysaccharide from Tichocarpus crinitus (Gmel.) Rupr., Zh. Obshch. Khim., 39, 905
  42. Barbakadze, 1978, Polysaccharides of algae. 26. Methylation and periodate oxidation of a polysaccharide from the red seaweed Grateloupia divaricata Okam., Sov. J. Bioorg. Chem., 4, 808
  43. Aspinall, 1982, Chemical characterization and structure determination of polysaccharides, Vol. 1
  44. Usov, 1996, Polysaccharides of algae. 49. Isolation of alginate, sulfated xylogalactan, and floridean starch from calcareous red alga Bossiella cretacea (P. et R.) Johansen (Rhodophyta, Corallinaceae), Russ. J. Bioorg. Chem., 22, 106
  45. Usov, 1972, Polysaccharides of algae. 10. Periodate oxidation of a polysaccharide from Laingia pacifica Yamada, Zh. Obshch. Khim., 42, 1623
  46. Usov, 1968, Polysaccharides of algae. 2. Polysaccharides of the red seaweed Odonthalia corymbifera (Gmel.) J. Ag. Isolation of 6-O-methyl-d-galactose, Zh. Obshch. Khim., 38, 234
  47. Usov, 1975, Polysaccharides of algae. 19. Partial methanolysis of sulfated polysaccharides of the red alga Rhodomela larix (Turn.) C.Ag., Sov. J. Bioorg. Chem., 1, 511
  48. Usov, 1997, Elashvili, Polysaccharides of algae. 51. Partial reductive hydrolysis of a sulfated galactan from the red alga Laurencia coronopus J.Ag. (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae), Russ. J. Bioorg. Chem., 23, 468
  49. Bhattacharjee, 1979, Spectroscopic analysis of agar-type polysaccharides, Vol. 1, 645
  50. Welty, 1977, Carrageenans. Part 12. The 300 MHz proton magnetic resonance spectra of methyl β-d-galactopyranoside, methyl 3,6-anhydro-α-d-galactopyranoside, agarose, κ-carrageenan, and segments of ι-carrageenan and agarose sulphate, J. Chem. Res.
  51. Shashkov, 1977, Carbon-13 NMR spectra of methyl 3,6-anhydro-α-d-galactopyranoside and its methyl ethers, Sov. J. Bioorg. Chem., 3, 35
  52. Usov, 1977, Synthesis of methyl 3-O-methyl- and 3,6-di-O-methyl-β-d-galactopyranosides, Sov. J. Bioorg. Chem., 3, 554
  53. Usov, 1978, Polysaccharides of algae. 28. Application of 13C-NMR spectroscopy for structural studies of galactan from the red seaweed Grateloupia divaricata Okam., Sov. J. Bioorg. Chem., 4, 1085
  54. Shashkov, 1981, Determination of the absolute configuration of sugars in oligo- and polysaccharides using glycosylation effects in 13C-NMR spectra, Sov. J. Bioorg. Chem., 7, 746
  55. Shashkov, 1978, Polysaccharides of algae. 24. Application of 13C-NMR spectroscopy for structural analysis of polysaccharides of the agar group, Sov. J. Bioorg. Chem., 4, 57
  56. Yarotsky, 1978, Polysaccharides of algae. 25. Application of 13C-NMR spectroscopy for structural analysis of κ-carrageenan group polysaccharides,, Sov. J. Bioorg. Chem., 4, 537
  57. Kochetkov, 1992, A programme SCAN for the 13C NMR-based structural analysis of linear polysaccharides using personal computer, Bioorg. Khim., 18, 116
  58. Miller, 2001, The structure of the carrageenan extracted from the tetrasporophytic form of Stenogramme interrupta as determined by 13C NMR spectroscopy, Bot. Mar., 44, 583
  59. Yaphe, 1966, The purification and properties of an agarase from a marine bacterium, Pseudomonas atlantica, Proc. Int. Seaweed Symp., 5, 333
  60. Duckworth, 1969, Specificity studies on the agarase from a Cytophaga species, Proc. Int. Seaweed Symp., 6, 435
  61. Usov, 1981, Polysaccharides of algae. 31. Enzymic hydrolysis of agar-like polysaccharide from the red seaweed Rhodomela larix (Turn.) C. Ag, Sov. J. Bioorg. Chem., 7, 572
  62. Benitez, 1979, Partial purification of a carrageenase from the tropical sea urchin Diadema setosum, Proc. Int. Seaweed Symp., 9, 353
  63. Greer, 1984, Characterization of hydrid (beta-kappa-gamma) carrageenan from Eucheuma gelatinae J. Agardh (Rhodophyta, Solieriaceae) using carrageenases, infrared and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Bot. Mar., 27, 473, 10.1515/botm.1984.27.10.473 · DOI
  64. Johnston, 1969, Immunochemistry of carrageenans, Proc. Int. Seaweed Symp., 6, 507
  65. Gretz, 1991, Ultrastructural immunogold localization of carrageenan in the Golgi complex of Agardhiella subulata, J. Phycol., 27, 26
  66. Lapshina, 1991, Agar from the unattached form of Gracilaria verrucosa (Huds.) Papenf. of Primorski territory, Bioorg. Khim., 17, 1494
  67. Usov, 1974, Polysaccharides of algae. 13. Monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides of several red algae from the Japan Sea, Zh. Obshch. Khim., 44, 191
  68. Miller, 1982, Agars from New Zealand red algae in the family Gelidiaceae: A structural study, N. Z. J. Sci., 25, 15
  69. Usov, 1989, Polysaccharides of algae. 41. Characterization of water-soluble polysaccharides from several representatives of the genus Laurencia (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta), Sov. J. Bioorg. Chem., 15, 701
  70. Usov, 1989, Polysaccharides of algae. 39. Study on sulfated galactan from the red seaweed Palmaria stenogona Perest, Sov. J. Bioorg. Chem., 15, 111
  71. Usov, 1998, Polysaccharides of algae. 52. The structure of sulfated xylogalactan from the calcareous red alga Bossiella cretacea (P. et R.) Johansen (Rhodophyta, Corallinales), Russ. J. Bioorg. Chem., 24, 123
  72. Waaland, 1973, Experimental studies on propagation of Iridaea and Gigartina, J. Phycol., 9, 12
  73. McCandless, 1982, Carrageenan patterns in the Phyllophoraceae, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 10, 275
  74. Miller, 1998, The structure of a pyruvylated carrageenan extracted from Stenogramme interrupta as determined by 13C NMR spectroscopy, Bot. Mar., 41, 305, 10.1515/botm.1998.41.1-6.305 · DOI
  75. Usov, 1975, Polysaccharides of algae. 16. Study of the structure of the sulfated mannan from the red alga Nemalion vermiculare Sur., Zh. Obshch. Khim., 45, 916
  76. Usov, 1975, Polysaccharides of algae. 18. Acetolysis of sulfated mannan from Nemalion vermiculare Sur., Zh. Obshch. Khim., 45, 1377
  77. Usov, 1975, Polysaccharides of algae. 21. Alkaline degradation of sulfated mannan from the red alga Nemalion vermiculare Sur, Sov. J. Bioorg. Chem., 1, 700
  78. Usov, 1975, Synthesis and carbon-13 NMR spectra of methyl 3-O-methyl-α-d-mannopyranoside sulphates, Sov. J. Bioorg. Chem., 1, 1137
  79. Usov, 1988, Polysaccharides of algae. 38. Polysaccharide composition of the red seaweed Liagora sp. and the structure of sulfated xylomannan, Sov. J. Bioorg. Chem., 14, 354
  80. Miller, 1997, The chemotaxonomic significance of the water-soluble red algal polysaccharides, Recent Res. Dev. Phytochem., 1, 531

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Metadata

Authors
Usov, A. I.
Affiliations
N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry (RU)
Corresponding author
Usov, Anatolii I.
Venue
Advances in carbohydrate chemistry and biochemistry
Publisher
Elsevier
Published
2011
Volume
65
Pages
115-217
ISSN
0065-2318 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W17843683
Cited by
369
References
703
Citations by year
2026: 24 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 6
FWCI
36.52
Type
book chapter
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Advances in carbohydrate chemistry and biochemistry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Polysaccharides Composition and Applications
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Seaweed-derived Bioactive Compounds
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Polysaccharides and Plant Cell Walls
Keywords
red algae, sulfated galactans, agar, agarose, carrageenan, xylan, polysaccharide structure, polysaccharide structure elucidation, biologically active polymers, taxonomic markers
MeSH terms
Rhodophyta, Carrageenan, Cellulose, Enzymes, Galactans, Hydrolysis, Mannans, Methylation, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Oxidation-Reduction, Periodic Acid, Polysaccharides, Spectrophotometry, Infrared, Mass Spectrometry, Spectrum Analysis, Raman, Xylans

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review