Cited by 1,907Psychological Well-being and Life SatisfactionAging and Gerontology ResearchOptimism, Hope, and Well-being

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Positive Emotions Broaden and Build

Fredrickson, Barbara L.·2013·Advances in Experimental Social Psychology

DOI 10.1016/b978-0-12-407236-7.00001-2

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The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions.
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Garland, E. & Fredrickson, B.L. (in press). Positive emotions, mindfulness, and ACT. In T. B. Kashdan & J. Ciarrochi (Eds.) Linking Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and positive psychology: A practioner's guide to a unifying framework. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger.

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“These findings align with previous work that has found PA to “undo” the negative effects of stress, for example, by speeding up physiological recovery (e.g., heart rate) after a stressful task (Fredrickson, 2013).”
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“…work engagement facilitates the adoption of healthier behaviors via goal setting and self-regulation, and it can trigger a positive spiral of personal resources that can help individuals to cope better with stress and, therefore, improve their health (Fredrickson, 2013; Salanova et al., 2010).”
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“For instance, happiness fosters behaviours related to exploration, conceptual processing, play, and social connection (Ashby et al., 1999; Fredrickson, 2013; Storbeck & Wylie, 2018).”
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“More speciﬁcally, Fredrickson (2013) elaborated on the ways positive emotions function: (a) broaden thought-action repertoires, (b) undo the lingering eﬀect of negative emotions, (c) boost psychological resiliency, (d) build personal resources, and (e) promote psychological and physical wellbeing.”
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Emery, N. N., Carlon, H. A., Walters, K. J., Mei, S., Sung, A., DeFalco, A., Baumgardner, S., Mataczynski, M. J., & Prince, M. A. (2025) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.70035 · Cited by 6
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“This is because a stronger disposition to negative emotions will motivate defences, inward reflection, and more narrowed attentional focus (Fredrickson 2009, 2013).”
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“The broaden-and-build theory [85,86] posits that everyday positive emotions can contribute to a cascade of other positive emotions.”
Background
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“…health (Catalino & Fredrickson, 2011); life satisfaction, nd a decrease in depressive symptoms (Fredrickson et al., 2008). hese empirical studies state that positive affect helps build an ndividual’s resources essential to creating wellbeing and healthy iving conditions (Fredrickson, 2013).”
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“, serving as an anti-depressive factor or protector of life satisfaction) (Fredrickson, 2013; Lindahl & Archer, 2013; Schütz et al., 2013; Tugade & Fredrickson, 2004).”
Background
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“Solid empirical studies have concluded that PE plays a crucial role in overcoming the harmful effects on individuals ’ mental well-being (Du et al., 2019; Fredrickson, 2013).”
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“Thus, experiencing positive emotions promotes an expansion of cognitive functions as well as behavioral repertoires (Fredrickson, 2013).”
Background
Goal Adjustment and Subjective Well-Being in Adulthood
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“Past research has shown that positive affective well-being contributes to pro - sociality, such as treating others well, providing social sup - port and building positive relations with others (e.g., Aknin et al., 2018 ; Fredrickson, 2013 ).”

Authors: Fredrickson, B. L.
Affiliations: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
Corresponding author: Fredrickson, Barbara L.
ORCID: Fredrickson, Barbara L.
Venue: Advances in Experimental Social Psychology
Publisher: Elsevier
Published: 2013
Pages: 1-53
ISSN: 0065-2601 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407236-7.00001-2
OpenAlex: W186242951
Semantic Scholar: 7fd5b875db8f035e4876d760a2ee425a445f946f
Cited by: 1,907
References: 170
Citations by year: 2026: 138 · 2025: 212 · 2024: 244 · 2023: 237 · 2022: 209 · 2021: 208 · 2020: 149 · 2019: 150 · 2018: 106 · 2017: 99 · 2016: 62 · 2015: 50 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 11
FWCI: 190.97
Type: book chapter
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Advances in experimental social psychology (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
Keywords: broaden-and-build theory, positive emotions, physiological measures of emotion, biological resources, clinical application, organizational applications, love, positivity resonance

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