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ADHD subtypes: do they differ in their executive functioning profile?
Open accessAbstract
The present study was designed to investigate the hypothesis that children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder combined subtype (ADHD-C) have a generalized executive functioning (EF) [Barkley, R. A. (1997). Behavioural inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: Constructing a unifying theory of AD/HD. Psychological Bulletin, 121, 65-94; Barkley, R. A. (1997). ADHD and the nature of self-control. New York: The Guilford Press]. We tested whether ADHD-C and ADHD inattentive subtype (ADHD-I) can be differentiated from each other on EF measures. We compared 16 normally developing boys with 16 boys with ADHD-C and 16 with ADHD-I on five EF domains. The boys were all matched on age, IQ, and the presence of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)/conduct disorder (CD). Despite carefully diagnosed groups and methodological controls, the results do not support the EF-hypothesis of ADHD-C. Children with ADHD-C differed from normal controls (NC) on tasks related to inhibition; they did not exhibit EF deficits on all EF tasks. Children with ADHD-C also exhibited deficits on non-EF tasks. Furthermore, the ADHD-C and ADHD-I subtypes did not differ from one another. Neuropsychological findings on the domains under study did not yield evidence for the distinctiveness of ADHD-C and ADHD-I subtypes.
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“To date, beyond learning disorders, PS deficits are most consistently associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the mental health literature23–34.”
From Diagnostic Associations of Processing Speed in a Transdiagnostic, Pediatric Sample (2020) · cites this paper as [28]
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“Some research has shown that all three presentations have similar PS deficits, indicating that PS is not a differentiating factor within ADHD presentations25–28.”
From Diagnostic Associations of Processing Speed in a Transdiagnostic, Pediatric Sample (2020) · cites this paper as [28]
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Reaction time variability in ADHD: A meta-analytic review of 319 studies
Kofler, M. J., Rapport, M. D., Sarver, D. E., Raiker, J. S., Orban, S. A., Friedman, L. M., & Kolomeyer, E. G. (2013) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2013.06.001 · Cited by 648
Chang, Y.-K., Liu, S., Yu, H.-H., & Lee, Y.-H. (2012) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1093/arclin/acr094 · Cited by 261
Heterogeneity in ADHD: Neuropsychological Pathways, Comorbidity and Symptom Domains
Wåhlstedt, C., Thorell, L. B., & Bohlin, G. (2009) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-008-9286-9 · Cited by 237
PIETRZAK, R., MOLLICA, C., MARUFF, P., & SNYDER, P. (2006) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2006.10.002 · Cited by 214
Traverso, L., Viterbori, P., & Usai, M. C. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00525 · Cited by 230
“This task (Bachorowski and Newman, 1985) is a well-known measure of the motor inhibition of an on-going response that has been used for both adult (Wallace et al., 1991) and childhood assessments (Geurts et al., 2005; Marzocchi et al., 2008; Usai et al., 2014).”
BackgroundNeurocognitive Functioning in AD/HD, Predominantly Inattentive and Combined Subtypes
Solanto, M. V., Gilbert, S. N., Raj, A., Zhu, J., Pope-Boyd, S., Stepak, B., Vail, L., & Newcorn, J. H. (2007) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-007-9123-6 · Cited by 195
“Stroop Color-Word Test The paper version of this test was administered and scored using the original procedures of Golden (1978). The Interference score was converted to a T-score such that a higher score indicated better performance.”
MethodResultTen years on: A follow-up review of ERP research in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Johnstone, S. J., Barry, R. J., & Clarke, A. R. (2012) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2012.09.006 · Cited by 198
“Executive functions are described as mental control processes that facilitate self-control (Geurts et al., 2005).”
BackgroundCognitive Flexibility in Phenotypes of Pediatric Bipolar Disorder
Dickstein, D. P., Nelson, E. E., Tone, E. B., Grimley, M. E., Knopf, L., Brotman, M. A., Rich, B. A., Pine, D. S., & Leibenluft, E. (2007) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e31802d0b3d · Cited by 159
“cents with non-BD psychopathology, such as depression, ADHD, ODD, high-functioning autism, or Tourette_s syndrome, have yielded mixed results relative to typically developing controls (Geurts et al., 2005; Goldberg et al., 2005; Happe et al., 2006; Kempton et al., 1999; Kyte et al., 2005; Oosterlaan and Sergeant, 1998…”
ResultLatent structure of executive function in five- and six-year-old children: A longitudinal study
Usai, M. C., Viterbori, P., Traverso, L., & Franchis, V. D. (2013) · European Journal of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17405629.2013.840578 · Cited by 179
“As hypothesized, the CDT, which is usually employed to assess inhibitory control (see, e.g., Geurts et al., 2005), was explained by the same executive dimension as the ToL task.”
MethodSchroeder, V. M., & Kelley, M. L. (2008) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-008-9223-0 · Cited by 153
A multiperspective approach to the conceptualization of executive functions
Packwood, S., Hodgetts, H. M., & Tremblay, S. (2011) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803395.2010.533157 · Cited by 168
Response inhibition and interference control in children with AD/HD: A visual ERP investigation
Johnstone, S. J., Barry, R. J., Markovska, V., Dimoska, A., & Clarke, A. R. (2008) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.11.007 · Cited by 141
Vaurio, L., Riley, E. P., & Mattson, S. N. (2007) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617708080144 · Cited by 129
“It should be noted, however, that some research suggests that EF impairment in ADHD may be associated only with response inhibition and not set-shifting dimensions (Bennetto & Pennington, 2003; Pennington & Ozonoff, 1996), and some studies find inconsistent or no significant neuropsychological deficits for ADHD on EF…”
BackgroundNikolas, M. A., & Nigg, J. T. (2012) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/a0030685 · Cited by 134
“…and its putative subtypes across multiple domains of neuropsychological functioning, albeit mainly component operations of executive functioning (Geurts et al., 2005; Loo et al., 2007; Martel, Nikolas, & Nigg, 2007; Riccio, Homack, Jarratt, & Wolfe, 2006; Scheres et al., 2004; Solanto et al.,…”
InfluentialMayes, S. D., Calhoun, S. L., Chase, G. A., Mink, D. M., & Stagg, R. E. (2009) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054708320402 · Cited by 120
“, 2005), although this is not always the case (Geurts et al., 2005).”
BackgroundViterbori, P., Usai, M. C., Traverso, L., & Franchis, V. D. (2015) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2015.06.014 · Cited by 131
Neurocognitive training for children with and without AD/HD
Johnstone, S. J., Roodenrys, S., Blackman, R., Johnston, E., Loveday, K., Mantz, S., & Barratt, M. F. (2012) · ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders · doi:10.1007/s12402-011-0069-8 · Cited by 109
“S. J. Johnstone (&) S. Roodenrys R. Blackman E. Johnston K. Loveday S. Mantz M. F. Barratt School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia e-mail: sjohnsto@uow.edu.au Executive functions (EF) are mental processes that facilitate self-control (Geurts et al. 2005).”
BackgroundTo act or not to act, that’s the problem: Primarily inhibition difficulties in adult ADHD.
Boonstra, A. M., Kooij, J. J. S., Oosterlaan, J., Sergeant, J. A., & Buitelaar, J. K. (2010) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/a0017670 · Cited by 121
Self-citationGeurts, H. M., Luman, M., & Van Meel, C. S. (2008) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01916.x · Cited by 98
Self-citationSpahis, S., Vanasse, M., Bélanger, S. A., Ghadirian, P., Grenier, É., & Levy, E. H. (2008) · Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids · doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2008.07.005 · Cited by 101
Riccio, C. A., Homack, S. R., Jarratt, K. P., & WOLFE, M. (2006) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1016/j.acn.2006.05.010 · Cited by 99
“Whether considered as two distinct disorders (e.g., Barkley, 1997a, 1997b; Milich, Balentine, & Lynam, 2001), or as subtypes of a single disorder (e.g., Lahey, 2001), research continues to support differentiation of PI and CT with some exceptions (e.g., Geurts et al., 2005).”
BackgroundA pilot study of combined working memory and inhibition training for children with AD/HD
Johnstone, S. J., Roodenrys, S., Phillips, E., Watt, A. J., & Mantz, S. (2010) · ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders · doi:10.1007/s12402-009-0017-z · Cited by 84
“The term executive functioning encompasses different meta-cognitive domains, often described as mental control processes that facilitate self-control (Geurts et al. 2005).”
BackgroundWorking memory deficits in adults with ADHD: is there evidence for subtype differences?
Schweitzer, J. B., Hanford, R. B., & Medoff, D. R. (2006) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/1744-9081-2-43 · Cited by 88
Solanto, M. V., Newcorn, J. H., Vail, L., Gilbert, S. N., Ivanov, I., & Lara, R. (2009) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2009.0033 · Cited by 81
“Two neuropsychological studies found no difference between subtypes in executive function, including inhibitory control, after controlling for differences in intelligence quotient (IQ) or in performance on nonexecutive tasks (Geurts et al. 2004; Solanto et al. 2007).”
Veloso, A. S., Vicente, S., & Filipe, M. G. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02983 · Cited by 92
“…in processing speed (Nigg et al., 2002; Lawrence et al., 2004; Pasini et al., 2007; Yáñez-Téllez et al., 2012), cognitive flexibility (Lawrence et al., 2004; Geurts et al., 2005; Yáñez-Téllez et al., 2012), and sustained attention (Nigg et al., 2002; Trani et al., 2011; Yáñez-Téllez et al., 2012).”
BackgroundSolanto, M. V., Schulz, K. P., Fan, J., Tang, C. Y., & Newcorn, J. H. (2009) · Journal of Neuroimaging · doi:10.1111/j.1552-6569.2008.00289.x · Cited by 84
Attentional versus motor inhibition in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Carr, L. A., Nigg, J. T., & Henderson, J. M. (2006) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/0894-4105.20.4.430 · Cited by 76
Borhani, K., & Nejati, V. (2018) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/87565641.2018.1440295 · Cited by 80
Executive Impairment Determines ADHD Medication Response: Implications for Academic Achievement
Hale, J. B., Reddy, L. A., Semrud‐Clikeman, M., Hain, L. A., Whitaker, J., Morley, J., Lawrence, K., Smith, A. C. W., & Jones, N. (2011) · Journal of Learning Disabilities · doi:10.1177/0022219410391191 · Cited by 73
Deficits in Cognitive Control, Timing and Reward Sensitivity Appear to be Dissociable in ADHD
de Zeeuw, P., Weusten, J., van Dijk, S., van Belle, J., & Durston, S. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0051416 · Cited by 71
“First, in line with previous work [51,52], we found no differences in DSM-IV ADHD subtype between those subjects who did or did not have cognitive deficits.”
ResultAntonini, T. N., Becker, S. P., Tamm, L., & Epstein, J. N. (2015) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617715000752 · Cited by 88
Desman, C., Petermann, F., & Hampel, P. (2008) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297040701625831 · Cited by 73
“(2001), Hartman et al. (2004), and Carlson and Mann (2002) that a sluggish cognitive tempo is an important aspect of DSM-IV inattention.”
BackgroundBrocki, K. C., Randall, K. D., Bohlin, G., & Kerns, K. A. (2008) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803390701754720 · Cited by 71
“For example, Kerns et al. (2001) , Geurts, Verte, Oosterlaan, Royeres, and Sergeant, (2005) , and Scheres et al.”
Executive functions in girls with ADHD followed prospectively into young adulthood.
Miller, M. R., Ho, J., & Hinshaw, S. P. (2012) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/a0027792 · Cited by 77
“Consistent with earlier findings from the present sample as well as the work of others (Geurts et al., 2005; O'Brien et al., 2010; Pasini et al., 2007), we found little evidence of ADHD subtype differences in EF.”
Heidbreder, R. (2015) · ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders · doi:10.1007/s12402-015-0171-4 · Cited by 81
Goth-Owens, T. L., Martinez-Torteya, C., Martel, M. M., & Nigg, J. T. (2010) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297049.2010.485126 · Cited by 69
The role of goal representation in preschoolers’ flexibility and inhibition
Blaye, A., & Chevalier, N. (2010) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2010.09.006 · Cited by 81
Evidence for a General Factor Model of ADHD in Adults
Gibbins, C., Toplak, M. E., Flora, D. B., Weiss, M. D., & Tannock, R. (2011) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054711416310 · Cited by 69
Qian, Y., Shuai, L., Cao, Q., Chan, R. C. K., & Wang, Y. (2010) · The Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/13854041003749342 · Cited by 76
“As there have also been quite a few studies (Geurts, Vert, Oosterlaan, Roeyers, & Sergeant, 2005 ; Sergeant et al, 2002 ) reporting no such an impairment in planning in children with ADHD, we might speculate that the impairment in planning in children with ADHD is not as robust as that found in inhibition (Seidman, 20…”
ResultHutchinson, E. A., Bavin, E. L., Efron, D., & Sciberras, E. (2011) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297049.2011.601288 · Cited by 69
“Nevertheless, although poorer VS (eg, Cornoldi et al, 2001 ), visuospatial CE (eg, Scheres et al, 2004 ) or both (eg, Holmes et al, 2010 ) have been reported, a number of studies have failed to find differences between children with and without ADHD in this domain ( Geurts, Verte, Oosterlaan, Roeyers, & Sergeant, 2005…”
BackgroundShuai, L., Chan, R. C. K., & Wang, Y. (2010) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1093/arclin/acq101 · Cited by 71
“Earlier studies have similarly failed to find reliable differences between ADHD-I and ADHD-C groups on measures of inhibition and cognitive flexibility (Geurts et al., 2005; Riccio et al., 2006).”
ResultCognitive Control and Attentional Selection in Adolescents with ADHD Versus ADD
Carr, L., Henderson, J., & Nigg, J. T. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2010.517168 · Cited by 61
“In turn, studies of late-stage cognitive control often show an ordinal pattern of results in which youth with ADHD-PI perform intermediate to youth with ADHD-C and non-ADHD controls, with differences that are statistically reliable in some studies but not in others (Clarke et al, 2007 ; Geurts, Verte, Oosterlaan, Roey…”
ResultUtility of cognitive neuropsychological assessment in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Lange, K. W., Hauser, J., Lange, K. M., Makulska-Gertruda, E., Takano, T., Takeuchi, Y., Tucha, L., & Tucha, O. (2014) · ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders · doi:10.1007/s12402-014-0132-3 · Cited by 62
“It has, for example, been shown that children with ADHD-C compared with those with ADHD-I have more difficulties inhibiting inadequate responses (Geurts et al. 2005; Huang-Pollock et al. 2005; Klorman et al. 1999) Children with ADHD-I display a slower tempo for information processing than children…”
BackgroundHuang‐Pollock, C. L., Mikami, A. Y., Pfiffner, L. J., & McBurnett, K. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374410701274124 · Cited by 68
“However, only a handful of studies have directly compared inhibitory control in ADHD–I versus ADHD–C (Bedard et al., 2003; Chhabildas, Pennington, & Willcutt, 2001; Geurts, Verte, Oosterlaan, Roeyers, & Sergeant, 2005; Nigg, Blaskey, Huang-Pollock, & Rappley, 2002; Scheres, Oosterlaan, & Sergeant, 2001; Wang, Zhou, Wa…”
Krieger, V., & Amador-Campos, J. A. (2018) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297049.2017.1386781 · Cited by 61
“Furthermore, ADHD-C and ADHD-I groups did not differ from each other across these cognitive EF domains, as other studies have reported (Geurts et al., 2005; Skogli et al., 2014).”
ResultLin, H., Gau, S. S., Hwang-Gu, S.-L., Shang, C., Wu, M. Y., & Tseng, W. I. (2013) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291713001955 · Cited by 61
“However, minimal differences in IIV across ADHD subtypes (Geurts et al. 2005; Pasini et al. 2007; Epstein et al. 2011b) and lack of developmentally diagnostic stability of ADHD subtypes (Lahey et al.”
BackgroundCastel, A. D., Lee, S. S., Humphreys, K. L., & Moore, A. N. (2010) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/a0020298 · Cited by 67
Katz, L. J., Brown, F. C., Roth, R. M., & Beers, S. R. (2011) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1093/arclin/acr026 · Cited by 67
“We did not predict differences on any of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) scores because they are not time-dependent measures (H6).”
MethodResultInfluentialTraverso, L., Viterbori, P., & Usai, M. C. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02053 · Cited by 65
Trani, M. D., Casini, M. P., Capuzzo, F., Gentile, S., Bianco, G., Menghini, D., & Vicari, S. (2010) · Brain and Development · doi:10.1016/j.braindev.2010.06.002 · Cited by 61
Stevenson, M. P., & McNaughton, N. (2013) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2013.10.003 · Cited by 51
Arousal and Executive Alterations in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Martella, D., Aldunate, N., Fuentes, L. J., & Sánchez‐Pérez, N. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01991 · Cited by 56
“…erences in non-verbal WM (Berlin et al., 2004; Geurts et al., 2005; Brocki et al., 2008; Schoemaker et al., 2012), verbal WM (Sowerby et al., 2011; Pineau et al., 2019), self-regulation of arousal (Stevens et al., 2002), and reconstitution (Geurts et al., 2005) between ADHD children and controls.”
BackgroundThe developmental neuropsychology of executive functions
Hunter, S. J., Edidin, J. P., & Hinkle, C. D. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511977954.004 · Cited by 48
Driving Characteristics of Teens With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity and Autism Spectrum Disorder
Classen, S., Monahan, M., & Wang, Y. (2013) · American Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.5014/ajot.2013.008821 · Cited by 49
Delis, D. C., Lansing, A. E., Houston, W. S., Wetter, S., Han, S. D., Jacobson, M. W., Holdnack, J. A., & Kramer, J. H. (2007) · Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment · doi:10.1177/0734282906292403 · Cited by 46
Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS): Wie valide sind die Subtypen?
Desman, C., & Petermann, F. (2005) · Kindheit und Entwicklung · doi:10.1026/0942-5403.14.4.244 · Cited by 46
Qian, Y., Shuai, L., Chan, R. C. K., Qian, Q., & Wang, Y. (2013) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2013.01.033 · Cited by 46
Wåhlstedt, C. (2009) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297040802524198 · Cited by 46
“…were specifically related to symptoms of inattention and not hyperactivity/impulsivity contradict recent findings from studies using categorical approaches, which showed no differences in neuropsychological profiles between ADHD subtypes (e.g., Geurts et al., 2005; Martell et al., 2007).”
BackgroundResultBarnett, R. L., Maruff, P. T., & Vance, A. L. A. (2009) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/00048670903001927 · Cited by 51
Speed and complexity characterize attention problems in children with localization‐related epilepsy
Berl, M. M., Terwilliger, V. K., Scheller, A., Sepeta, L. N., Walkowiak, J., & Gaillard, W. D. (2015) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/epi.12985 · Cited by 45
“19,20,21 Two pediatric epilepsy studies using the TEA-Ch found that children with epilepsy performed worse than controls; however, the sample sizes were small (n=17 and 7) and the authors did not delve into the pattern of attention impairments.”
Kaufmann, L., Zieren, N., Zotter, S., Karall, D., Scholl‐Bürgi, S., Haberlandt, E., & Fimm, B. (2010) · Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.2009.03560.x · Cited by 45
Westman, M., Korkman, M., Mickos, A., & Byring, R. F. (2008) · International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders · doi:10.1080/13682820701839200 · Cited by 44
“Brief versions of the Weschlser tests are relatively commonly used in research (e.g., Ben-Zeev 1977, Shallice et al. 2002, Geurts et al. 2005).”
MethodKaralunas, S. L., & Huang-Pollock, C. L. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2011.614578 · Cited by 44
Schecklmann, M., Ehlis, A.-C., Plichta, M. M., Dresler, T., Heine, M., Boreatti-Hümmer, A., Romanos, M., Jacob, C., Pauli, P., & Fallgatter, A. J. (2013) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054711429702 · Cited by 42
Alloway, T. P., Elliott, J., & Place, M. (2010) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297040903559655 · Cited by 44
“One view is that the different core deficits in ADHD subtypes lead to dissociable cognitive profiles ( Geurts, Verte, Oosterlaan, Roeyers, & Sergeant, 2005 ).”
BackgroundDovis, S., Van der Oord, S., Huizenga, H. M., Wiers, R. W., & Prins, P. J. M. (2015) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-014-0612-1 · Cited by 39
“, abnormal reinforcement sensitivity), evidence suggests that children with ADHD-I are less impaired on visuospatial WM than children with ADHD-C and, in contrast to children with ADHD-C, seem unimpaired on visuospatial STM (at least when motivational deficits are taken into account; [30, 35–37]; also see [7, 38, 66]).”
Time-Based Prospective Memory Performance and Time-Monitoring in Children with ADHD
Zinke, K., Altgassen, M., Mackinlay, R. J., Rizzo, P., Drechsler, R., & Kliegel, M. (2010) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297041003631451 · Cited by 41
ADHD-hyperactive/impulsive subtype in adults
Gibbins, C., Weiss, M. D., Goodman, D. W., Hodgkins, P., Landgraf, J. M., & Faraone, S. V. (2010) · Mental Illness · doi:10.4081/mi.2010.e9 · Cited by 38
Estrada‐Plana, V., Esquerda, M., Mangues, R., March‐Llanes, J., & Moya-Higueras, J. (2019) · Games for Health Journal · doi:10.1089/g4h.2018.0051 · Cited by 46
Executive Functioning in Subtypes of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Saydam, R., Ayvaşik, H. B., & Alyanak, B. (2015) · Nöro Psikiyatri Arşivi · doi:10.5152/npa.2015.8712 · Cited by 42
“Some of the previous literature did not support this theory, and no significant difference was observed between the ADHD subtypes (4,17,40).”
BackgroundResultReaction time assessment in children with ADHD
Bolfer, C. P. M., Casella, E. B., Baldo, M. V. C., Mota, A. M., Tsunemi, M. H., Pacheco, S. P., & Reed, U. C. (2010) · Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria · doi:10.1590/s0004-282x2010000200025 · Cited by 37
Kooistra, L., Crawford, S. G., Gibbard, B., Kaplan, B. J., & Fan, J. (2011) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/87565641.2010.549978 · Cited by 42
“To date the few available relevant studies tend to support the view that, while present in both disorders, executive dysfunction in FASD signifies a more generalized neurocognitive deficit in terms of pattern and degree of symptoms ( Geurts, Verte, Oosterlaan, Roeyers, & Sergeant, 2005 ; Rasmussen et al, 2010 ; Rasmus…”
BackgroundA Review of the Use of Executive Function Tasks in Externalizing and Internalizing Disorders
Weyandt, L. L., Willis, W. G., Swentosky, A. J., Wilson, K. G., Janusis, G. M., Chung, H. J., Turcotte, K., & Marshall, S. N. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-8106-5_5 · Cited by 38
Ghaderi, A. H., Nazari, M. A., Shahrokhi, H., & Darooneh, A. H. (2017) · Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Journal · doi:10.18869/nirp.bcn.8.4.267 · Cited by 39
“Some evidence suggests that ADHD-C and ADHD-I presentations do not differ from one another and support the validity of the DSM classification of ADHD combined and inattentive presentations (Geurts et al., 2005; Willcutt et al., 2005; Mayes, Calhoun, Chase, Mink, & Stagg, 2008).”
Frequency bands in seeing and remembering: comparing ADHD and typically developing children
Fabio, R. A., Caprì, T., Mohammadhasani, N., Gangemi, A., Gagliano, A., & Martino, G. (2018) · Neuropsychological Trends · doi:10.7358/neur-2018-024-fabi · Cited by 35
Atypical Visual Scan Path Affects Remembering in ADHD
Mohammadhasani, N., Caprì, T., Nucita, A., Iannizzotto, G., & Fabio, R. A. (2019) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s135561771900136x · Cited by 36
Loe, I. M., Feldman, H. M., Yasui, E., & Luna, B. (2009) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e31819996da · Cited by 34
Driving indicators in teens with attention deficit hyperactivity and/or autism spectrum disorder
Classen, S., Monahan, M., Brown, K. E., & Hernandez, S. H. (2013) · Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.1177/0008417413501072 · Cited by 37
Gau, S. S., & Chiang, H. (2012) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2012.10.005 · Cited by 34
Autobiographical memory in ADHD subtypes
Fabio, R. A., & Caprì, T. (2014) · Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability · doi:10.3109/13668250.2014.983057 · Cited by 36
“J. (1992). Frontal lobe functions in attention deficit disorder with and without”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialKrieger, V., Amador, J. A., & Gallardo‐Pujol, D. (2019) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803395.2019.1599824 · Cited by 36
“…have shown that there are very few consistent differences in EF measures of planning, flexibility, and inhibition between ADHD presentations (Geurts et al., 2005; Krieger & Amador-Campos, 2017; Martel, Nikolas, & Nigg, 2007; Willcutt et al., 2005) and that they may vary depending on the…”
BackgroundTemporal processing impairment in children with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder
Huang, J., Yang, B., Zou, X., Jin, J., Pen, G., McAlonan, G. M., & Chan, R. C. K. (2011) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2011.10.021 · Cited by 34
Executive Functions and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Weyandt, L. L. (2009) · The ADHD Report · doi:10.1521/adhd.2009.17.6.1 · Cited by 34
Egeland, J., Ueland, T., & Johansen, S. (2012) · Journal of Learning Disabilities · doi:10.1177/0022219411407922 · Cited by 31
Rosas, R., Cerić, F., Tenorio, M., Mourgues, C., Thibaut, C., Hurtado, E., & Aravena, M. T. (2010) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2009.09.006 · Cited by 31
“…demonstrated a high degree of discrimination between groups (e.g., coding and digit span in Wechsler Intelligence Scale-third edition (WISC-III), Geurts et al., 2005; Romine et al., 2004), and (c) medical analysis and results integration using medical criteria (American Academy of Pediatrics,…”
BackgroundMethodDiagnostic Associations of Processing Speed in a Transdiagnostic, Pediatric Sample
Kramer, E., Koo, B., Restrepo, A., Koyama, M., Neuhaus, R., Pugh, K., Andreotti, C., & Milham, M. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-66892-z · Cited by 28
Neuropsychology of Child Psychopathology
Tramontana, M. G., Hooper, S. R., Watts‐English, T., Ellison, T., & Bethea, T. C. (2008) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-78867-8_5 · Cited by 30
Duff, C. T., & Sulla, E. M. (2015) · Applied Neuropsychology: Child · doi:10.1080/21622965.2013.848329 · Cited by 28
de Jong, C. G. W., Oosterlaan, J., & Sergeant, J. A. (2006) · International Journal of Disability Development and Education · doi:10.1080/10349120600716158 · Cited by 31
“The other ADHD-IA subtype may be distinguished by distraction problems (Geurts et al. 2005).”
BackgroundSelf-citationExekutive Funktionen bei Jungen mit Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung im Kindesalter
Hampel, P., Petermann, F., & Desman, C. (2009) · Kindheit und Entwicklung · doi:10.1026/0942-5403.18.3.144 · Cited by 26
Kelty‐Stephen, D. G., Stirling, L., & Lipsitz, L. A. (2015) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/pas0000177 · Cited by 26
Cornoldi, C., Giofrè, D., Calgaro, G., & Stupiggia, C. (2012) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-012-0446-8 · Cited by 27
Salcedo-Marin, M. D., Moreno-Granados, J. M., Ruíz-Veguilla, M., & Ferrín, M. (2012) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-012-0317-y · Cited by 29
“between the different ADHD subtypes [37, 39].”
BackgroundInvestigating facets of personality in adult pathological gamblers with ADHD
Davtian, M., Reid, R. C., & FONG, T. W. (2012) · Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.2217/npy.12.11 · Cited by 27
Nilsen, E. S., Varghese, A. L., Xu, Z., & Fecica, A. M. (2015) · Cognitive Development · doi:10.1016/j.cogdev.2015.09.001 · Cited by 26
Hale, J. B., Reddy, L. A., Decker, S. L., Thompson, R., Henzel, J. N., Teodori, A., Forrest, E., Eusebio, E., & DENCKLA, M. B. (2009) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803390802687423 · Cited by 24
“Some researchers have questioned whether there are meaningful neuropsychological differences among ADHD subtypes ( Geurts, Verte, Oosterlaan, Roeyers, & Sergeant, 2004 ; Martel, Nikolas, & Nigg, 2007 ; Riccio, Homack, Jarratt, & Wolfe, 2006 ), but examining ADHD as a homogeneous disorder could account for inconsistent…”
BackgroundChiang, M., & Gau, S. S. (2008) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/00048670802050603 · Cited by 24
“Table 3 presents comparisons of the four components of attention tests and CTT among the three groups (ADHD-C, ADHD-I, and controls).”
MethodResultInfluentialErcan, E. S., Süren, S., Bacanlı, A., Yazıcı, K. U., Çallı, C., Özyurt, O., Jafari, D. A., Kosova, B., Franco, A. R., & Rohde, L. A. (2015) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-015-0731-3 · Cited by 26
ADHD - New Directions in Diagnosis and Treatment
(2015) · doi:10.5772/59348 · Cited by 23
Brock, S. E., & Clinton, A. (2007) · The California School Psychologist · doi:10.1007/bf03340933 · Cited by 23
Metadata
- Authors
- GEURTS, H., VERTE, S., OOSTERLAAN, J., ROEYERS, H., & SERGEANT, J.
- Affiliations
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- Ghent University (BE)
- Corresponding author
- GEURTS, H
- Venue
- Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2005-06
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 457-477
- ISSN
- 0887-6177 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2062409240
- Semantic Scholar
- 21a0797b1b7440a2306d2ed91ee53241624dff24
- Cited by
- 239
- References
- 91
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 4.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion)
- Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
- UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, executive function, inhibition, self-control, boys, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, neuropsychological assessment
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Cognition, Humans, Intelligence Tests, Male, Memory, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychomotor Performance, Verbal Behavior, Visual Perception, Case-Control Studies
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