Neuropsychological Deficits in Relation to Symptoms of ADHD: Independent Contributions and Interactions
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate possible independent and combined effects of inhibitory control, delay aversion, and RT variability in relation to symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention. A community-based sample of school children (N = 111) completed neuropsychological tasks designed to measure inhibitory control, delay aversion, and RT variability. Behavioral symptoms were measured through parental and teacher ratings of the DSM-IV criteria for ADHD and ODD. The results showed that inhibitory control and RT variability were primarily related to symptoms of inattention rather than hyperactivity/impulsivity. Further, out of the three neuropsychological factors studied, only inhibitory control contributed uniquely to the variance of ADHD symptoms. However, significant interaction effects of delay aversion and RT variability on symptoms of both hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention were found. This study shows the importance of searching for possible combined effects of neuropsychological factors to learn more about the different pathways that lead to ADHD symptoms in children.
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Reaction time variability correlates with measures of behavioral inattention, and in a minority of studies also with hyperactivity-impulsivity.
“Where relations between RTV and the ADHD symptom domains have been examined, RTV has correlated with measures of behavioral inattention [48,52,53] but has also been found to correlate with hyperactivityimpulsivity in a minority of studies”
From Reaction Time Variability in ADHD: A Review (2012) · cites this paper as [52]
Research on reaction time variability and ADHD symptom domains or subtypes has not convincingly associated reaction time variability with either symptom domain or any specific symptom, although relations with inattention are more consistent.
“Research examining relations between RTV and the ADHD symptom domains or ADHD subtypes has not been convincingly associated with either ADHD symptom domain or any specific ADHD symptoms, although relations between RTV and inattention seem to be more consistent in the literature [48,52,53].”
From Reaction Time Variability in ADHD: A Review (2012) · cites this paper as [52]
Cites
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“However, a tentative interpretation could be made based on the cognitive-energetic model (Sergeant 2000, 2005), in which effort is closely linked to motivation and controls arousal and activation.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialA Comparison of the Neuropsychological Profiles of the DSM-IV Subtypes of ADHD
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“This finding is in accordance with previous studies showing that EF impairment is primarily related to symptoms of inattention rather than to hyperactivity/impulsivity (e.g., Castellanos et al., 2006; Chhabildas et al., 2001; Willcutt, Doyle, et al., 2005).”
ResultThe top and the bottom of ADHD: a neuropsychological perspective
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“A state regulation deficit can be characterized by slower and more variable reaction times (RT variability; Sergeant, Geurts, Huijbregts, Scheres, & Oosterlaan 2003 ).”
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“…were specifically related to symptoms of inattention and not hyperactivity/impulsivity contradict recent findings from studies using categorical approaches, which showed no differences in neuropsychological profiles between ADHD subtypes (e.g., Geurts et al., 2005; Martell et al., 2007).”
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Which Executive Functioning Deficits Are Associated With AD/HD, ODD/CD and Comorbid AD/HD+ODD/CD?
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BackgroundNeurocognitive Functioning in AD/HD, Predominantly Inattentive and Combined Subtypes
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Reaction time variability in ADHD: A meta-analytic review of 319 studies
Kofler, M. J., Rapport, M. D., Sarver, D. E., Raiker, J. S., Orban, S. A., Friedman, L. M., & Kolomeyer, E. G. (2013) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2013.06.001 · Cited by 648 · see citing works
Reaction Time Variability in ADHD: A Review
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Self-citationNeurocognitive Performance in Children with ADHD and OCD
Vloet, T. D., Marx, I., Kahraman-Lanzerath, B., Zepf, F. D., Herpertz-Dahlmann, B., & Konrad, K. (2010) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-010-9422-1 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Behavioral correlates of reaction time variability in children with and without ADHD.
Antonini, T. N., Narad, M. E., Langberg, J. M., & Epstein, J. N. (2013) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/a0032071 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Thissen, A. J. A. M., Luman, M., Hartman, C., Hoekstra, P., van Lieshout, M., Franke, B., Oosterlaan, J., Rommelse, N. N. J., & Buitelaar, J. K. (2014) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2014.05.015 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
- Authors
- Wåhlstedt, C.
- Affiliations
- Uppsala University (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Wåhlstedt, Cecilia
- Venue
- Child Neuropsychology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2009-04-17
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 262-279
- ISSN
- 0929-7049 (ISSN-L)
- 1744-4136
- OpenAlex
- W2028198585
- Cited by
- 46
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 2.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Child Neuropsychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, inhibitory control, delay aversion, reaction time variability, hyperactivity/impulsivity, inattention, oppositional defiant disorder, elementary school students, neuropsychological deficits, interaction effects
- MeSH terms
- Arousal, Attention, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Child, Preschool, Cognition Disorders, Female, Frustration, Humans, Inhibition, Psychological, Internal-External Control, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Motivation, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychometrics, Reaction Time
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