Near or far? It depends on my impression: Moral information and spatial behavior in virtual interactions
Abstract
Near body distance is a key component of action and social interaction. Recent research has shown that peripersonal space (reachability-distance for acting with objects) and interpersonal space (comfort-distance for interacting with people) share common mechanisms and reflect the social valence of stimuli. The social psychological literature has demonstrated that information about morality is crucial because it affects impression formation and the intention to approach-avoid others. Here we explore whether peripersonal/interpersonal spaces are modulated by moral information. Thirty-six participants interacted with male/female virtual confederates described by moral/immoral/neutral sentences. The modulation of body space was measured by reachability-distance and comfort-distance while participants stood still or walked toward virtual confederates. Results showed that distance expanded with immorally described confederates and contracted with morally described confederates. This pattern was present in both spaces, although it was stronger in comfort-distance. Consistent with an embodied cognition approach, the findings suggest that high-level socio-cognitive processes are linked to sensorimotor-spatial processes.
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Reachability distance increased with angry emotional faces and avatars tagged with immoral statements.
“This distance increased with angry emotional faces (Cartaud et al., 2018(Cartaud et al., , 2020) ) and avatars that were tagged with immoral statements”
From The Peripersonal Space in a social world (2021) · cites this paper as Iachini, Pagliaro, & Ruggiero, 2015
Reachability and comfort distances were influenced by others' attributes: facial expressions, morality, age and sex.
“They were also influenced by the others' attributes: their facial expressions (Cartaud et al, 2018(Cartaud et al, , 2020;;Ruggiero et al., 2017), the judgements that can be attributed to them such as morality (Iachini, Pagliaro, & Ruggiero, 2015), as well as age and sex”
From The Peripersonal Space in a social world (2021) · cites this paper as Iachini, Pagliaro, & Ruggiero, 2015
In Iachini, Pagliaro, & Ruggiero (2015), both reachability judgement and stop distance tasks decreased when facing a moral person.
“both reachability judgement and stop distance tasks decreased when facing a moral person.”
From The Peripersonal Space in a social world (2021) · cites this paper as Iachini, Pagliaro, & Ruggiero, 2015
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- Authors
- Iachini, T., Pagliaro, S., & Ruggiero, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Iachini, Tina
- Venue
- Acta Psychologica
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-10
- Volume
- 161
- Pages
- 131-136
- ISSN
- 0001-6918 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1641774430
- Cited by
- 106
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 13.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Acta Psychologica (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli
- Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca (RBFR128CR6)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Embodied and Extended Cognition
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment
- Keywords
- peripersonal space, personal space, impression formation, approach-avoidance behavior, embodied cognition, virtual reality interaction
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Cognition, Computer Graphics, Distance Perception, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Morals, Personal Space, Photic Stimulation, Social Behavior, Social Perception, User-Computer Interface, Young Adult
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