Ultrasmall silica nanoparticles in translational biomedical research: Overview and outlook
Open accessAbstract
The exemplary progress of silica nanotechnology has attracted extensive attention across a range of biomedical applications such as diagnostics and imaging, drug delivery, and therapy of cancer and other diseases. Ultrasmall silica nanoparticles (USNs) have emerged as a particularly promising class demonstrating unique properties that are especially suitable for and have shown great promise in translational and clinical biomedical research. In this review, we discuss synthetic strategies that allow precise engineering of USNs with excellent control over size and surface chemistry, functionalization, and pharmacokinetic and toxicological profiles. We summarize the current state-of-the-art in the biomedical applications of USNs with a particular focus on select clinical studies. Finally, we illustrate long-standing challenges in the translation of inorganic nanotechnology, particularly in the context of ultrasmall nanomedicines, and provide our perspectives on potential solutions and future opportunities in accelerating the translation and widespread adoption of USN technology in biomedical research.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Nanoparticle radiopharmaceuticals allow co-delivery of therapeutic agents, contrast agents, or multiple radiotracers.
“These platforms allow the co-delivery of therapeutic agents, contrast agents, or multiple radiotracers, creating finely tuned symphonies of treatment and imaging tailored to individual patient profiles [81].”
From Radiopharmaceuticals: navigating the frontier of precision medicine and therapeutic innovation (2024) · cites this paper as [81]
Cites
Controlled growth of monodisperse silica spheres in the micron size range
Stöber, W., Fink, A., & Bohn, E. (1968) · Journal of Colloid and Interface Science · doi:10.1016/0021-9797(68)90272-5 · Cited by 14,525 · see citing works
Engineering precision nanoparticles for drug delivery
Mitchell, M. J., Billingsley, M. M., Haley, R. M., Wechsler, M. E., Peppas, N. A., & Langer, R. (2021) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41573-020-0090-8 · Cited by 7,933 · see citing works
Trastuzumab emtansine for HER2-positive advanced breast cancer
Verma, S., Miles, D., Gianni, L., Krop, I. E., Welslau, M., Baselga, J., Pegram, M., Oh, D.-Y., Diéras, V., Guardino, E., et al. (2012) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1209124 · Cited by 3,834 · see citing works
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Biocompatibility and Drug Delivery
Tang, F., Li, L., & Chen, D. (2012) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201104763 · Cited by 2,849 · see citing works
Cobleigh, M., Vogel, C. L., Tripathy, D., Robert, N. J., Scholl, S., Fehrenbacher, L., Wolter, J. M., Paton, V. E., Shak, S., Lieberman, G., et al. (1999) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.1999.17.9.2639 · Cited by 2,767 · see citing works
Pertuzumab plus Trastuzumab plus Docetaxel for Metastatic Breast Cancer
Baselga, J., Cortés, J., Kim, S.-B., Im, S.-A., Hegg, R., Im, Y.-H., Roman, L., Pedrini, J. L., Pienkowski, T., Knott, A., et al. (2012) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1113216 · Cited by 2,532 · see citing works
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles in biomedical applications
Li, Z., Barnes, J. C., Bosoy, A., Stoddart, J. F., & Zink, J. I. (2012) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/c1cs15246g · Cited by 1,911 · see citing works
Synthesis of mesoporous silica nanoparticles
Wu, S., Mou, C., & Lin, H. (2013) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/c3cs35405a · Cited by 1,574 · see citing works
Tumour heterogeneity in the clinic
Bedard, P. L., Hansen, A. R., Ratain, M. J., & Siu, L. L. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12627 · Cited by 1,205 · see citing works
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles in drug delivery and biomedical applications
Wang, Y., Zhao, Q., Han, N., Bai, L., Li, J., Liu, J., Che, E., Hu, L., Zhang, Q., Jiang, T., et al. (2015) · Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.nano.2014.09.014 · Cited by 1,192 · see citing works
Maeda, H. (2015) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2015.01.002 · Cited by 1,179 · see citing works
Hua, S., de Matos, M. B. C., Metselaar, J. M., & Storm, G. (2018) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.00790 · Cited by 1,089 · see citing works
Cancer heterogeneity: implications for targeted therapeutics
Fisher, R. A., Pusztai, L., & Swanton, C. (2013) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/bjc.2012.581 · Cited by 980 · see citing works
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle Nanocarriers: Biofunctionality and Biocompatibility
Tarn, D., Ashley, C. E., Xue, M., Carnes, E. C., Zink, J. I., & Brinker, C. J. (2013) · Accounts of Chemical Research · doi:10.1021/ar3000986 · Cited by 950 · see citing works
Bright and Stable Core−Shell Fluorescent Silica Nanoparticles
Ow, H., Larson, D. R., Srivastava, M., Baird, B. A., Webb, W. W., & Wiesner, U. B. (2004) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl0482478 · Cited by 931 · see citing works
Clinical translation of an ultrasmall inorganic optical-PET imaging nanoparticle probe
Phillips, E. H., Medina, O. P., ZANZONICO, P. B., Carvajal, R. D., Pauliah, M., Ye, Y., Humm, J. L., Gönen, M., Kalaigian, H., Schöder, H. M., et al. (2014) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3009524 · Cited by 716 · see citing works
Current hurdles to the translation of nanomedicines from bench to the clinic
Đorđević, S., Gonzalez, M. M., Conejos‐Sánchez, I., Carreira, B., Pozzi, S., Acúrcio, R. C., Satchi‐Fainaro, R., Florindo, H. F., & Vicent, M. J. (2021) · Drug Delivery and Translational Research · doi:10.1007/s13346-021-01024-2 · Cited by 715 · see citing works
Impact of Silica Nanoparticle Design on Cellular Toxicity and Hemolytic Activity
Tian, Y., Malugin, A., & Ghandehari, H. (2011) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/nn2013904 · Cited by 663 · see citing works
Transport and interactions of nanoparticles in the kidneys
Du, B., Yu, M., & Zheng, J. (2018) · Nature Reviews Materials · doi:10.1038/s41578-018-0038-3 · Cited by 651 · see citing works
Multimodal silica nanoparticles are effective cancer-targeted probes in a model of human melanoma
Benezra, M., Medina, O. P., ZANZONICO, P. B., Schaer, D., Ow, H., Burns, A., DeStanchina, E., Longo, V. A., Herz, E., Iyer, S. K., et al. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci45600 · Cited by 646 · see citing works
Applications of nanoparticles in biomedical imaging
Han, X., Xu, K., Taratula, O. R., & Farsad, K. (2018) · Nanoscale · doi:10.1039/c8nr07769j · Cited by 638 · see citing works
Kim, S. E., Zhang, L., Ma, K., Riegman, M., Chen, F., Ingold, I., Conrad, M., Turker, M. Z., Gao, M., Jiang, X., et al. (2016) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2016.164 · Cited by 622 · see citing works
Croissant, J. G., Fatieiev, Y., Almalik, A., & Khashab, N. M. (2017) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.201700831 · Cited by 601 · see citing works
Synthesis and surface functionalization of silica nanoparticles for nanomedicine
Liberman, A., Mendez, N., Trogler, W. C., & Kummel, A. C. (2014) · Surface Science Reports · doi:10.1016/j.surfrep.2014.07.001 · Cited by 510 · see citing works
Fluorescent Silica Nanoparticles with Efficient Urinary Excretion for Nanomedicine
Burns, A., Vider, J., Ow, H., Herz, E., Medina, O. P., Baumgart, M., Larson, S. M., Wiesner, U. B., & Bradbury, M. S. (2008) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl803405h · Cited by 476 · see citing works
Tumor‐Microenvironment‐Responsive Nanomedicine for Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy
Peng, S., Xiao, F., Chen, M., & Gao, H. (2021) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202103836 · Cited by 446 · see citing works
Uniform silica particle precipitation: An aggregative growth model
Bogush, G. H., & Zukoski, C. F. (1991) · Journal of Colloid and Interface Science · doi:10.1016/0021-9797(91)90030-c · Cited by 428 · see citing works
Synthetic amorphous silica nanoparticles: toxicity, biomedical and environmental implications
Croissant, J. G., Butler, K. S., Zink, J. I., & Brinker, C. J. (2020) · Nature Reviews Materials · doi:10.1038/s41578-020-0230-0 · Cited by 427 · see citing works
Cheng, Y., He, C., Riviere, J. E., Monteiro-Riviere, N. A., & Lin, Z. (2020) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.9b08142 · Cited by 374 · see citing works
Toxicity of silica nanoparticles depends on size, dose, and cell type
Kim, I.-Y., Joachim, E., Choi, H., & Kim, K. (2015) · Nanomedicine Nanotechnology Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.nano.2015.03.004 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
Miller, M. A., Gadde, S., Pfirschke, C., Engblom, C., Sprachman, M. M., Köhler, R. H., Yang, K. S., Laughney, A. M., Wojtkiewicz, G. R., Kamaly, N., et al. (2015) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aac6522 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
Understanding the tumor microenvironment for effective immunotherapy
Sadeghi Rad, H., Monkman, J., Warkiani, M. E., Ladwa, R., O'Byrne, K., Rezaei, N., & Kulasinghe, A. (2021) · Medicinal Research Reviews · doi:10.1002/med.21765 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Radiotheranostics: a roadmap for future development
Herrmann, K., Schwaiger, M., Lewis, J. S., Solomon, S. B., McNeil, B. J., Baumann, M. A., Gambhir, S. S., Hricak, H., & Weissleder, R. (2020) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(19)30821-6 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
Stimuli‐responsive nanotherapeutics for precision drug delivery and cancer therapy
Qiao, Y., Wan, J., Zhou, L., Ma, W., Yang, Y., Luo, W., Yu, Z., & Wang, H. (2019) · WIREs Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1002/wnan.1527 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
Nanoparticle Geometry and Surface Orientation Influence Mode of Cellular Uptake
Gustafson, H. H., Schneider‐Daum, N., Jones, A. T., Huwer, H., Ghandehari, H., & Lehr, C. (2013) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/nn304439f · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Fruijtier-Pölloth, C. (2012) · Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.tox.2012.02.001 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
Singh, A. V., Ansari, M. H. D., Rosenkranz, D., Maharjan, R. S., Kriegel, F. L., Gandhi, K., Kanase, A., Singh, R., Laux, P., & Luch, A. (2020) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.201901862 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Clinical translation of silica nanoparticles
Janjua, T. I., Cao, Y., Yu, C., & Popat, A. (2021) · Nature Reviews Materials · doi:10.1038/s41578-021-00385-x · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Ultrasmall inorganic nanoparticles: State-of-the-art and perspectives for biomedical applications
Zarschler, K., Rocks, L., Licciardello, N., Boselli, L., Polo, E., García, K. P., Cola, L. D., Stephan, H., & Dawson, K. A. (2016) · Nanomedicine Nanotechnology Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.nano.2016.02.019 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Silica-based nanoparticles for biomedical applications
Bitar, A., Ahmad, N. M., Fessi, H., & Elaı̈ssari, A. (2012) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2012.06.014 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Ghimire, P. P., & Jaroniec, M. (2020) · Journal of Colloid and Interface Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2020.10.014 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Recent progress in the applications of silica-based nanoparticles
Nayl, A. A., Abd-Elhamid, A. I., Aly, A. A., & Bräse, S. (2022) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/d2ra01587k · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Silica-Based Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications: From Nanocarriers to Biomodulators
Yang, Y., Zhang, M., Song, H., & Yu, C. (2020) · Accounts of Chemical Research · doi:10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00280 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Stimuli-Responsive Nanomedicines for Overcoming Cancer Multidrug Resistance
Zhou, L., Wang, H., & Li, Y. (2018) · Theranostics · doi:10.7150/thno.22679 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Liu, J., Liu, Z., Pang, Y., & Zhou, H. (2022) · Journal of Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1186/s12951-022-01343-7 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Tian, Y., Greish, K. F., McGill, L. D., Ray, A., & Ghandehari, H. (2012) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/nn2043803 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Bio-Applications
Niculescu, V. (2020) · Frontiers in Materials · doi:10.3389/fmats.2020.00036 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Goel, S., Ferreira, C. A., Chen, F., Ellison, P. A., Siamof, C. M., Barnhart, T. E., & Cai, W. (2017) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201704367 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Self-citationFunctionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles and biomedical applications
Thi, T. T. H., Cao, V. D., Nguyen, T. N. Q., Hoang, D. T., Ngo, V. C., & Nguyen, D. H. (2019) · Materials Science and Engineering C · doi:10.1016/j.msec.2019.01.129 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Ultrasmall Sub-10 nm Near-Infrared Fluorescent Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles
Ma, K., Sai, H., & Wiesner, U. B. (2012) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja3049783 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Shahbazi, M., Hamidi, M., Mäkilä, E. M., Zhang, H., Almeida, P. V., Kaasalainen, M. H., Salonen, J., Hirvonen, J. J., & Santos, H. A. (2013) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.06.052 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Design of experiments (DoE) to develop and to optimize nanoparticles as drug delivery systems
Luiz, M. T., Viegas, J. S. R., Abriata, J. P., Viegas, F. A. R., Vicentini, F. T. M. C., Bentley, M. V. L. B., Chorilli, M., Marchetti, J. M., & Tapia‐Blácido, D. R. (2021) · European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.05.011 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Chen, F., Ma, K., Madajewski, B., Zhuang, L., Zhang, L., Rickert, K. W., Marelli, M., Yoo, B., Turker, M. Z., Overholtzer, M., et al. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06271-5 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Ramanathan, R. K., Korn, R. L., Raghunand, N., Sachdev, J. C., Newbold, R. G., Jameson, G., Fetterly, G. J., Prey, J., Klinz, S. G., Kim, J., et al. (2017) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1990 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Bradbury, M. S., Phillips, E. H., Montero, P. H., Cheal, S. M., Stambuk, H. E., Durack, J. C., Sofocleous, C. T., Meester, R. J. C., Wiesner, U. B., & Patel, S. G. (2012) · Integrative Biology · doi:10.1039/c2ib20174g · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Ioannidis, J. P. A., Kim, B. Y. S., & Trounson, A. (2018) · Nature Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1038/s41551-018-0314-y · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Dye-doped silica nanoparticles: synthesis, surface chemistry and bioapplications
Gubala, V., Giovannini, G., Kunc, F., Monopoli, M. P., & Moore, C. J. (2020) · Cancer Nanotechnology · doi:10.1186/s12645-019-0056-x · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Wu, L. H., Wen, W., Wang, X., Huang, D., Cao, J., Qi, X., & Shen, S. (2022) · Particle and Fibre Toxicology · doi:10.1186/s12989-022-00465-y · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Quantifying heterogeneity in human tumours using MRI and PET
Asselin, M., O’Connor, J. P. B., Boellaard, R., Thacker, N. A., & Jackson, A. (2012) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2011.12.025 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Korangath, P. C., Barnett, J. D., Sharma, A., Henderson, E. T., Stewart, J., Yu, S.-H., Kandala, S. K., Yang, C.-T., Caserto, J. S., Hedayati, M. A., et al. (2020) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aay1601 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Bowden, G. D., Pichler, B. J., & Maurer, A. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-47846-6 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Artificial intelligence in nanomedicine
Ho, D., Wang, P., & Kee, T. W. (2018) · Nanoscale Horizons · doi:10.1039/c8nh00233a · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Degradable Drug Carriers: Vanishing Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles
Möller, K., & Bein, T. (2019) · Chemistry of Materials · doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b00221 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Self‐Driving Platform for Metal Nanoparticle Synthesis: Combining Microfluidics and Machine Learning
Tao, H., Wu, T., Kheiri, S., Aldeghi, M., Aspuru‐Guzik, A., & Kumacheva, E. (2021) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202106725 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
VEGF121-Conjugated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle: A Tumor Targeted Drug Delivery System
Goel, S., Chen, F., Hong, H., Valdovinos, H. F., Hernandez, R., Shi, S., Barnhart, T. E., & Cai, W. (2014) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/am506849p · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Self-citationQuality-by-design of nanopharmaceuticals – a state of the art
Bastogne, T. (2017) · Nanomedicine Nanotechnology Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.nano.2017.05.014 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Transforming nanomedicine manufacturing toward Quality by Design and microfluidics
Colombo, S., Beck‐Broichsitter, M., Boetker, J. P., Malmsten, M., Rantanen, J., & Bohr, A. (2018) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2018.04.004 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Immune response to functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery
Heidegger, S. M., Gößl, D., Schmidt, A., Niedermayer, S., Argyo, C., Endres, S., Bein, T., & Bourquin, C. (2015) · Nanoscale · doi:10.1039/c5nr06122a · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Artificial intelligence-powered microfluidics for nanomedicine and materials synthesis
Liu, L., Bi, M., Wang, Y., Liu, J., Jiang, X., Xu, Z., & Zhang, X. (2021) · Nanoscale · doi:10.1039/d1nr06195j · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Core-shell silica nanoparticles as fluorescent labels for nanomedicine
Choi, J., Burns, A., Williams, R. M., Zhou, Z., Flesken‐Nikitin, A., Zipfel, W. R., Wiesner, U. B., & Nikitin, A. Y. (2007) · Journal of Biomedical Optics · doi:10.1117/1.2823149 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Saikia, J., Yazdimamaghani, M., Moghaddam, S. P. H., & Ghandehari, H. (2016) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.6b09950 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Ma, K., Mendoza, C., Hanson, M. A., Werner‐Zwanziger, U., Zwanziger, J. W., & Wiesner, U. B. (2015) · Chemistry of Materials · doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b01222 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Merging data curation and machine learning to improve nanomedicines
Chen, C., Yaari, Z. A., Apfelbaum, E., Grodzinski, P. A., Shamay, Y., & Heller, D. A. (2022) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2022.114172 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Medina, C., Medina, C., Jacoby, Malinski, V., Radomski, & Corbalan, J. J. (2011) · International Journal of Nanomedicine · doi:10.2147/ijn.s25071 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Zanoni, D. K., Stambuk, H. E., Madajewski, B., Montero, P. H., Matsuura, D., BUSAM, K. J., Ma, K., Turker, M. Z., Sequeira, S. M., Gönen, M., et al. (2021) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.1936 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Toxic effects and biodistribution of ultrasmall gold nanoparticles
Schmid, G., Kreyling, W. G., & Simon, U. (2017) · Archives of Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00204-017-2016-8 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Mahmoud, A. M., Desouky, E. M., Hozayen, W. G., Bin-Jumah, M. N., El‐Nahass, E., Soliman, H. A., & Farghali, A. A. (2019) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom9100528 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Macrophages Actively Transport Nanoparticles in Tumors After Extravasation
Lin, Z. P., Nguyen, L. N. M., Ouyang, B., MacMillan, P., Ngai, J., Kingston, B. R., Mladjenovic, S. M., & Chan, W. C. W. (2022) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.1c11578 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Quality-by-Design Concepts to Improve Nanotechnology-Based Drug Development
Rawal, M., Singh, A., & Amiji, M. M. (2019) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1007/s11095-019-2692-6 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Tang, L., Yang, X., Dobrucki, L. W., Chaudhury, I., Yin, Q., Yao, C., Lezmi, S., Helferich, W. G., Fan, T. M., & Cheng, J. (2012) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201205271 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Hosseinpour, S., Walsh, L. J., & Xu, C. (2020) · Journal of Materials Chemistry B · doi:10.1039/d0tb01868f · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Theek, B., Gremse, F., Kunjachan, S., Fokong, S., Pola, R., Pechar, M., Deckers, R., Storm, G., Ehling, J., Kiessling, F. M., et al. (2014) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.03.007 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Chen, F., Nayak, T. R., Goel, S., Valdovinos, H. F., Hong, H., Theuer, C. P., Barnhart, T. E., & Cai, W. (2014) · Molecular Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1021/mp500306k · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Self-citationA mathematical model to predict nanomedicine pharmacokinetics and tumor delivery
Dogra, P., Butner, J. D., Ruiz-Ramírez, J., Chuang, Y.-L., Noureddine, A., Brinker, C. J., Vittorio Cristini, C., & Wang, Z. (2020) · Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1016/j.csbj.2020.02.014 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Assessing micrometastases as a target for nanoparticles using 3D microscopy and machine learning
Kingston, B. R., Syed, A. M., Ngai, J., Sindhwani, S., & Chan, W. C. W. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1907646116 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
de Vlieger, J. S. B., Crommelin, D. J. A., Tyner, K., Drummond, D. C., Jiang, W., McNeil, S. E., Neervannan, S., Crist, R. M., & Shah, V. P. (2019) · The AAPS Journal · doi:10.1208/s12248-019-0329-7 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Kim, S., Lee, Kim, Lee, Kwon, T. K., Yun, H., & Khang, D. (2013) · International Journal of Nanomedicine · doi:10.2147/ijn.s39534 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Controlling Growth of Ultrasmall Sub-10 nm Fluorescent Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles
Ma, K., Werner‐Zwanziger, U., Zwanziger, J. W., & Wiesner, U. B. (2013) · Chemistry of Materials · doi:10.1021/cm303242h · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Juthani, R. G., Madajewski, B., Yoo, B., Zhang, L., Chen, P.-M., Chen, F., Turker, M. Z., Ma, K., Overholtzer, M., Longo, V. A., et al. (2019) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-1834 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Shi, S., Chen, F., & Cai, W. (2013) · Nanomedicine · doi:10.2217/nnm.13.177 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Self-citationShaping the future of nanomedicine: anisotropy in polymeric nanoparticle design
Meyer, R. A., & Green, J. J. (2015) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1002/wnan.1348 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Macrophage Silica Nanoparticle Response is Phenotypically Dependent
Herd, H. L., Bartlett, K., Gustafson, J. A., Mcgill, L., & Ghandehari, H. (2015) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.02.070 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Goel, S., Chen, F., Luan, S., Valdovinos, H. F., Shi, S., Graves, S. A., Ai, F., Barnhart, T. E., Theuer, C. P., & Cai, W. (2016) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.201600122 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Self-citationNanomedicine and tumor heterogeneity: Concept and complex reality
Ekdawi, S. N., Jaffray, D. A., & Allen, C. J. (2016) · Nano Today · doi:10.1016/j.nantod.2016.06.006 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Immunotoxicity Considerations for Next Generation Cancer Nanomedicines
Hannon, G., Lysaght, J., Liptrott, N. J., & Prina‐Mello, A. (2019) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.201900133 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Nanoparticles for dendritic cell-based immunotherapy
Tran, T. H., Tran, T. T. P., Nguyen, H. T., Phung, C. D., Jeong, J., Stenzel, M. H., Jin, S. G., Yong, C. S., Truong, D. H., & Kim, J. O. (2018) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.03.029 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Chen, F., Ma, K., Benezra, M., Zhang, L., Cheal, S. M., Phillips, E. H., Yoo, B., Pauliah, M., Overholtzer, M., ZANZONICO, P. B., et al. (2017) · Chemistry of Materials · doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b03033 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Bradbury, M. S., Pauliah, M., ZANZONICO, P. B., Wiesner, U. B., & Patel, S. G. (2015) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1002/wnan.1380 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Synthesis of Fluorescent, Monodisperse, Colloidal Silica Particles
Nyffenegger, R., Quellet, C., & Rička, J. (1993) · Journal of Colloid and Interface Science · doi:10.1006/jcis.1993.1306 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Hendriks, B. S., Reynolds, J. G., Klinz, S., Geretti, E., Lee, H. H., Leonard, S., Gaddy, D. F., Espelin, C. W., Nielsen, U., & Wickham, T. (2012) · CPT Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology · doi:10.1038/psp.2012.16 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Zhang, X., Chen, F., Turker, M. Z., Ma, K., ZANZONICO, P. B., Gallazzi, F., Shah, M. A., Prater, A. R., Wiesner, U. B., Bradbury, M. S., et al. (2020) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119858 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Ultrasmall Porous Silica Nanoparticles with Enhanced Pharmacokinetics for Cancer Theranostics
Ferreira, C. A., Goel, S., Ehlerding, E. B., Rosenkrans, Z. T., Jiang, D., Sun, T., Aluicio‐Sarduy, E., Engle, J. W., Ni, D., & Cai, W. (2021) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00895 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citationLehman, S. E., Mudunkotuwa, I. A., Grassian, V. H., & Larsen, S. C. (2015) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03997 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Non-Functionalized Ultrasmall Silica Nanoparticles Directly and Size-Selectively Activate T Cells
Vis, B., Hewitt, R. E., Faria, N. R., Bastos, C. A. P., Chappell, H. F., Pele, L., Jugdaohsingh, R., Kinrade, S. D., & Powell, J. J. (2018) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.8b03363 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Swetha, K. L., & Roy, A. (2018) · Drug Delivery and Translational Research · doi:10.1007/s13346-018-0578-5 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Chen, F., Madajewski, B., Ma, K., Zanoni, D. K., Stambuk, H. E., Turker, M. Z., Monette, S., Zhang, L., Yoo, B., Chen, P., et al. (2019) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aax5208 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Arrieta, O. G., Medina, L. A., Estrada-Lobato, E., Ramírez-Tirado, L.-A., Mendoza-García, V. O., & de la Garza-Salazar, J. (2014) · Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00280-014-2477-x · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Chen, F., Zhang, X., Ma, K., Madajewski, B., Benezra, M., Zhang, L., Phillips, E., Turker, M. Z., Gallazzi, F., Medina, O. P., et al. (2017) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.7b14362 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Quantitative systems pharmacology: a promising approach for translational pharmacology
Gadkar, K. G., Kirouac, D. C., Parrott, N. J., & Ramanujan, S. (2016) · Drug Discovery Today Technologies · doi:10.1016/j.ddtec.2016.11.001 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Amorphous silica nanoparticles enhance cross-presentation in murine dendritic cells
Hirai, T., Yoshioka, Y., Takahashi, H., Ichihashi, K.-I., Yoshida, T., Tochigi, S., Nagano, K., Abe, Y., Kamada, H., Tsunoda, S., et al. (2012) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.09.095 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Goel, S., Ferreira, C. A., Dogra, P., Yu, B., Kutyreff, C. J., Siamof, C. M., Engle, J. W., Barnhart, T. E., Vittorio Cristini, C., Wang, Z., et al. (2019) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.201903747 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationKramer, L., Winter, G., Baur, B., Kuntz, A. J., Kull, T. J., Solbach, C., Beer, A. J., & Lindén, M. (2017) · Nanoscale · doi:10.1039/c7nr02050c · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Ultrasmall Renally Clearable Silica Nanoparticles Target Prostate Cancer
Chen, F., Ma, K., Zhang, L., Madajewski, B., Turker, M. Z., Gallazzi, F., Cruickshank, K., Zhang, X., Jenjitranant, P., Touijer, K. A., et al. (2019) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.9b15195 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Au, J. L. ‐., Abbiati, R. A., Wientjes, M. G., & Lu, Z. (2019) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.118.016816 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Yazdimamaghani, M., Moos, P. J., & Ghandehari, H. (2017) · Nanomedicine Nanotechnology Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.nano.2017.11.021 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Molecular Engineering of Ultrasmall Silica Nanoparticle–Drug Conjugates as Lung Cancer Therapeutics
Madajewski, B., Chen, F., Yoo, B., Turker, M. Z., Ma, K., Zhang, L., Chen, P.-M., Juthani, R. G., Aragon‐Sanabria, V., Gönen, M., et al. (2020) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-0851 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Erstling, J. A., Hinckley, J. A., Bag, N., Hersh, J., Feuer, G. B., Lee, R., Malarkey, H. F., Yu, F., Ma, K., Baird, B. A., et al. (2021) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202006829 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Quality by design tools reducing the gap from bench to bedside for nanomedicine
Bonaccorso, A., Russo, G. L., Pappalardo, F., Carbone, C., Puglisi, G., Pignatello, R., & Musumeci, T. (2021) · European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.10.005 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Wu, F., Chen, P.-M., Gardinier, T. C., Turker, M. Z., Venkatesan, A. M., Patel, V., Khor, T. O., Bradbury, M. S., Wiesner, U. B., Adams, G. P., et al. (2022) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.2c05342 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Tailored Silica Nanomaterials for Immunotherapy
Gu, L. (2018) · ACS Central Science · doi:10.1021/acscentsci.8b00181 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Ultrasmall silica nanoparticles directly ligate the T cell receptor complex
Vis, B., Hewitt, R. E., Monie, T. P., Fairbairn, C., Turner, S. D., Kinrade, S. D., & Powell, J. J. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1911360117 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Ultrasmall Nanoparticle Delivery of Doxorubicin Improves Therapeutic Index for High-Grade Glioma
Aragon‐Sanabria, V., Aditya, A., Zhang, L., Chen, F., Yoo, B., Cao, T., Madajewski, B., Lee, R., Turker, M. Z., Ma, K., et al. (2022) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-4053 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Lymph Node Mapping for Tumor Micrometastasis
Han, M., Kang, R., & Zhang, C. (2022) · ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00111 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Urbanska, A. M., Khanin, R., Alidori, S., Wong, S., Mello, B. P., Almeida, B. A., Chen, F., Ma, K., Turker, M. Z., Korontsvit, T., et al. (2020) · Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals · doi:10.1089/cbr.2019.3150 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Fedeli, C., Selvestrel, F., Tavano, R., Segat, D., Mancin, F., & Papini, E. (2012) · Nanomedicine · doi:10.2217/nnm.12.136 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Acute toxicity and oxidative damage induced by silica nanorattle in vivo
Fu, C., Liu, T., Tang, F., Chen, D., Li, L., Liu, H., & Li, X. (2012) · Chinese Science Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s11434-012-5187-y · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Lee, R., Erstling, J. A., Hinckley, J. A., Chapman, D. V., & Wiesner, U. B. (2021) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202106144 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Wu, F., Gardinier, T. C., Turker, M. Z., Chen, F., Chen, P.-M., Venkatesan, A. M., Patel, V., Adams, G. P., Bradbury, M. S., Wiesner, U. B., et al. (2022) · Chemistry of Materials · doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.1c04447 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Systemically administered silica nanoparticles result in diminished T cell response in lung
Dai, H., Fan, Q., Fei, Z., Ma, Q., Yang, Q., Chu, J., Zhou, X., Zhang, Y., Dong, Z., Xu, F., et al. (2021) · Nano Today · doi:10.1016/j.nantod.2021.101332 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Fluorescent core-shell silica nanoparticles: an alternative radiative materials platform
Herz, E., Burns, A., Lee, S. H., Sengupta, P., Bonner, D. K., Ow, H., Liddell, C. M., Baird, B. A., & Wiesner, U. B. (2006) · Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE · doi:10.1117/12.661782 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Nanoparticles for imaging application
Zhao, Y. H., Zheng, W., & Hassan, M. (2020) · Frontiers of nanoscience · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-102828-5.00004-8 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Janjua, T. I., Cao, Y., Kleitz, F., Lindén, M., Yu, C., & Popat, A. (2023) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2023.115115 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Radiopharmaceuticals: navigating the frontier of precision medicine and therapeutic innovation
Dhoundiyal, S., Srivastava, S., Kumar, S., Singh, G., Ashique, S., Pal, R., Mishra, N., & Taghizadeh-Hesary, F. (2024) · European Journal of Medical Research · doi:10.1186/s40001-023-01627-0 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
“These platforms allow the co-delivery of therapeutic agents, contrast agents, or multiple radiotracers, creating finely tuned symphonies of treatment and imaging tailored to individual patient profiles [81].”
BackgroundProspects and hazards of silica nanoparticles: Biological impacts and implicated mechanisms
Ding, R., Li, Y., Yu, Y., Sun, Z., & Duan, J. (2023) · Biotechnology Advances · doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108277 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Chen, S., Pang, H., Sun, J., & Li, K. (2023) · Materials Chemistry Frontiers · doi:10.1039/d3qm01020a · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Rafati, N., Zarepour, A., Bigham, A., Khosravi, A., Naderi‐Manesh, H., Iravani, S., & Zarrabi, A. (2024) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124800 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Sub-15 nm Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery: Emerging Frontiers and Therapeutic Potential
De, T., Trieu, V. N., Myers, S., Qazi, S., Saund, S., & Lee, C. W. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms262210842 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Guido, V. S., Olivieri, P. H., Brito, M. L., Prezoto, B. C., Martinez, D. S. T., Oliva, M. L. V., & Sousa, A. A. (2024) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01123 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Silica Nanoparticles: A Promising Vehicle for Anti-Cancer Drugs Delivery
Aparna, T. N., Kumar, R., Ali, S. R., Patel, D. J., Julekha, K., Begum, T., Bala, J., & Kumar, P. (2025) · AAPS PharmSciTech · doi:10.1208/s12249-024-02982-9 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Sun, S., Yang, Q., Jiang, D., & Zhang, Y. (2024) · Journal of Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1186/s12951-024-02432-5 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Yang, S., Han, A. R., Choi, J.-W., Kim, K., & Kwon, J. (2023) · Biomaterials Research · doi:10.1186/s40824-023-00364-z · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Tahan, M. A. A., Michaelides, K., Nair, S. S., AlShatti, S., Russell, C., & Al-Khattawi, A. (2024) · British Journal of Biomedical Science · doi:10.3389/bjbs.2024.13595 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Recent Advances in Silica-Based Nanomaterials for Enhanced Tumor Imaging and Therapy
Zhang, J., Liu, Z., Zhang, Z., Yang, H. Y., Wang, H., Yang, Z., Xu, Y., Li, S., & Yang, D. (2024) · ACS Applied Bio Materials · doi:10.1021/acsabm.4c01318 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Nanoparticles in nuclear medicine: From diagnostics to therapeutics
Wang, Y., Barmin, R. A., Mottaghy, F. M., Kiessling, F. M., Lammers, T., & Pallares, R. M. (2025) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2025.113815 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Advances in Ultrasmall Inorganic Nanoparticles for Nanomedicine: From Diagnosis to Therapeutics
Oh, J. Y., Villaseñor, K. E., Kian, A. C., & Cormode, D. P. (2025) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.5c02810 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Khoshmardan, M. E., Khoshmardan, H. E., Khoshandam, B., Massoudinejad, M., Zarandi, S. M., & Abdoos, H. (2025) · Environmental Geochemistry and Health · doi:10.1007/s10653-025-02569-8 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Nanoengineered innovations on DNA delivery systems for targeted cancer therapy
Nunes, R. F., Valente, J. F. A., Patrício, T., & Sousa, Â. (2025) · Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.jddst.2025.107131 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Zhu, X., Chen, J., Zhao, J., Zhang, Z., & Wang, C. (2025) · International Journal of Nanomedicine · doi:10.2147/ijn.s560993 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Liu, N., Li, M., Pang, H., Tiantian, T., Li, X., Su, Y., Jin, M., Wu, H., Qian, C., & Sun, M. (2023) · Computers in Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107816 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Nanotechnology-Assisted Molecular Profiling: Emerging Advances in Circulating Tumor DNA Detection
Kang, J., Ke, X., Zhao, Y., & Zhou, Y. (2026) · International Journal of Nanomedicine · doi:10.2147/ijn.s585118 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Sun, Z., & Li, X. (2025) · Journal of Materials Chemistry B · doi:10.1039/d4tb01822b · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Cao, R., Wang, C., Zhou, C., Liu, Y., Yin, Y., Chen, H., Li, F., Zhou, W., Xu, M., & Yang, W. (2023) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.3c05335 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Realizing active targeting in cancer nanomedicine with ultrasmall nanoparticles
Lima, A. F., Justo, G. Z., & Sousa, A. A. (2024) · Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology · doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.98 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Nano‐Revolution: Harnessing Silica Nanoparticles for Next‐Generation Cancer Therapeutics
Gupta, Y. D., & Bhandary, S. (2025) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1002/wnan.70023 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Synthesis and mechanism of ultrasmall silica nanoparticles via microwave-assisted sol-gel method
Zhang, Y., Tan, N., Wei, K., Kong, M., & Ma, W. (2026) · Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids · doi:10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2026.123954 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Silica and Non-Silica-Based Core-Shell Nanoconstructs for Cancer Theragnostics
Naik, G. A. R. R., Rachana, S. P., Colaco, V., Hedayat, P., Roy, A. A., Pokale, R., Jadhav, S. R., Mukharya, A., Kudarha, R. R., Mutalik, S., et al. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-3025-7_16 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Xing, B., & Chen, X. S. (2023) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2023.114991
Ultrasmall Silica Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Functionalization and Biomedical ApplicationPreprint
Cui, F.-H., Qu, L., Gong, Y., Xie, Y., Chang, Q., Celia, C., & Deng, X. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3825399/v1
Singh, N., Xia, W., Need, E., McManus, K., Huang, J., Shi, S., & Goel, S. (2024) · European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1007/s00259-024-06950-0
Self-citationTheranostic silica nanoparticles mediated drug delivery
González-Simón, A., García‐Almodóvar, V., Paredes, K. O., Díaz‐García, D., Chamizo, L. L., Marciello, M., Prashar, S., Gómez‐Ruiz, S., & Filice, M. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-22044-9.00003-6
杨, 金. (2025) · Advances in Clinical Medicine · doi:10.12677/acm.2025.1561718
Ahmed, H. M. A. S., & Ali, M. A. M. (2025) · Progress in drug research · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-00796-4_21
Yang, S.-Y., Han, A.-R., Choi, J.-W., Kim, K., & Kwon, J. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26578577
LDL Receptors and their Impact in Targeted Therapies for Brain Tumors
Tiwari, A., & Samal, P. K. (2025) · BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS eBooks · doi:10.2174/9798898811716125010005
Post-translational modification-regulating biomaterials for regeneration
Abudousu, A., Tang, Y.-K., Liu, B.-K., Xiang, L., Wang, Z., Li, Y.-H., Zhao, D., & Cui, W.-G. (2026) · Bioactive Materials · doi:10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.07.020
- Authors
- Singh, N., Shi, S., & Goel, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Utah (US)
- Corresponding author
- Shi, Sixiang
- Goel, Shreya
- Venue
- Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2023-01
- Volume
- 192
- Pages
- 114638
- ISSN
- 0169-409X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4311094710
- Cited by
- 35
- References
- 131
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 7
- FWCI
- 0.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (am, 341 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (P30CA042014)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Nanotechnology research and applications
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications
- Keywords
- nanomedicine, translational research, nanoparticle synthesis, surface functionalization, pharmacokinetics, nanotoxicology, drug delivery, cancer therapy, biomedical imaging
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Silicon Dioxide, Biomedical Research, Nanotechnology, Nanomedicine, Nanoparticles
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review