Land use change effects on ecosystem carbon balance: From agricultural to hybrid poplar plantation
Abstract
Quantifying the carbon (C) balance of short-rotation woody crops is necessary for validating the C sequestration potential of these systems. We studied the changes in net ecosystem productivity (NEP) and ecosystem C storage 2–4 and 9–11 years after converting an agricultural land (planted to canola, Brassica napus L.) to hybrid poplar (Populus deltoides×Populus×petrowskyana var. Walker) plantations in the Parkland region in central Alberta, Canada. The NEP across land uses ranged between 0 and 13MgCha⁻¹year⁻¹, while changes in C storage over two years (2006–2008) ranged between 1 and 7MgCha⁻¹year⁻¹ as biomass C and between −1 and 6MgCha⁻¹year⁻¹ as soil organic C. When agricultural land was converted to hybrid poplar plantations, soils under hybrid poplar plantations were initially large sources of C losing a total of 8MgCha⁻¹. As cultivation ceased and net primary productivity (and thus litter input) increased, the soil started to become a net C sink by year 2, reaching its pre-plantation level by year 7. At the ecosystem level, hybrid poplar plantations were a source of C in the first 2 years, due to the small contribution of plant biomass and litter relative to soil C loss. Thereafter, the ecosystem acted as a net C sink and reached its pre-plantation level by year 4. We conclude that growing hybrid poplars on rotations longer than 4 years in the study area would create a net C sink and converting agricultural land to fast-growing short-rotation woody crops has the potential for mitigating future climate change.
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Fresh and easily decomposable matter such as fine roots and leaves has a slightly smaller biomass carbon fraction (43%) than woody material (46%).
“In general, fresh and easily decomposable matter, like fine roots and leaves, have a slightly smaller biomass C fraction (43 %) than woody material (46 %) [60, 62].”
From Carbon Sequestration by Perennial Energy Crops: Is the Jury Still Out? (2015) · cites this paper as [60]
Both herbaceous crops/grasses and short-rotation woody crops can potentially deliver up to 40-50% of the carbon they capture from the atmosphere to the soil as litter and belowground biomass, with inputs varying from less than 1 to more than 4 Mg C ha−1 year−1.
“Both HCG and SRWC can potentially deliver up to 40–50 % of the C they capture from the atmosphere to the soil as litter and BGB, which can vary from <1 to >4 Mg C ha−1 year−1 [59–61].”
From Carbon Sequestration by Perennial Energy Crops: Is the Jury Still Out? (2015) · cites this paper as [60]
Observed litter inputs in short-rotation woody crops increase with stand age, which is not reflected in long-term extrapolations.
“Consistent across species and different locations, observed inputs seem to increase with stand age [60, 78], which is not reflected in long-term extrapolations [26].”
From Carbon Sequestration by Perennial Energy Crops: Is the Jury Still Out? (2015) · cites this paper as [60]
There is some indication that belowground biomass inputs increase over time.
“There is some indication that inputs increase over time [60].”
From Carbon Sequestration by Perennial Energy Crops: Is the Jury Still Out? (2015) · cites this paper as [60]
Within the short-rotation coppice data, there is more quantitative evidence from poplar than for willow.
“Within the SRC data, there is more quantitative evidence from poplar [60, 72, 78, 79, 99, 109] than for willow [58, 111, 131].”
From Carbon Sequestration by Perennial Energy Crops: Is the Jury Still Out? (2015) · cites this paper as [60]
Under short-rotation woody crop systems, the predominance of decomposable fine roots could explain the initial loss of soil organic carbon and higher losses under free air carbon enrichment.
“Under SRWC systems, the predominance of decomposable fine roots could explain the initial loss of SOC [60] and higher losses under FACE [99].”
From Carbon Sequestration by Perennial Energy Crops: Is the Jury Still Out? (2015) · cites this paper as [60]
ΔSOC under short-rotation forestry/coppice changed within 11 years from an initial loss of 0.74 during the first 2 years to an increase of 5.82 Mg ha−1 year−1 during the last 2 years.
“However, ∆SOC under SRF/SRC changed within 11 years from an initial loss of 0.74 during the first 2 years to an increase of 5.82 Mg ha−1 year−1, during the last 2 years [60].”
From Carbon Sequestration by Perennial Energy Crops: Is the Jury Still Out? (2015) · cites this paper as [60]
Initial sequestration rates are low due to small inputs during the establishing phase.
“The opposite is evident: initial sequestration rates are low due to small inputs during the establishing phase [25, 43, 46, 60, 86, 106, 134], which could depend on the productivity and fertility of the soil, its former land use and planting material/success.”
From Carbon Sequestration by Perennial Energy Crops: Is the Jury Still Out? (2015) · cites this paper as [60]
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- Authors
- Arevalo, C. B. M., Bhatti, J. S., Chang, S. X., & Sidders, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Alberta (CA)
- Canadian Forest Service (CA)
- ORCID
- Chang, Scott X.
- Venue
- Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-05
- Volume
- 141
- Issue
- 3-4
- Pages
- 342-349
- ISSN
- 0167-8809 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2043943364
- Cited by
- 140
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 15.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Bioenergy crop production and management
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Land Use and Ecosystem Services
- Keywords
- land use change, carbon balance, net ecosystem production, ecosystem carbon storage, hybrid poplar, short rotation woody crops, canola, soil organic carbon, net primary productivity, litter input, carbon sequestration, climate change mitigation, agricultural land conversion, central Alberta
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